Composites
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Development of dry fiber preforms and other technologies for Smart Rotors
Airborne, KVE Composites, RHIA, Royal NLR and TU Delft partner in EU project for ultra-efficient propeller/rotor blades in hybrid and electric aircraft, UAM and drones.
An important step towards more sustainable aviation, as well as parcel and passenger transport via drones, was taken with the €1.44 million grant awarded to the Smart Rotors project by the European Fund for Regional Development (EFRO). With the cooperation of InnovationQuarter, the grant enables the Dutch partners Airborne, KVE Composites, RHIA (Rotterdam The Hague Innovation Airport), Royal NLR and TU Delft to advance development of ultra-efficient propeller and rotor blades, specifically for hybrid and electric aircraft, urban air mobility (UAM) and drones.
Smart Rotors: Why?
The development of ‘smart rotors’ is an important step towards more sustainable aviation, less emissions and less noise pollution, as well as parcel delivery via drones and will also support the further development of UAM.
Rotors can be either the blades of a propeller intended for the propulsion of aircraft or the blades of a rotor intended for the propulsion of helicopters and drones. The project aims to design the rotors for hybrid and electric aircraft and for drones so that they operate more efficiently, perform better and produce less noise.
“In addition, smarter production methods are being looked into, so that future aircraft and drones can be equipped with suitable propeller and rotor blades faster and on a larger scale,” says Ruben Nahuis, technical project leader at Royal NLR. The project is part of the Next Aviation Fieldlab, which focuses on developing, testing and implementing sustainable aviation technology in a real airport environment at Rotterdam The Hague Airport (RTHA).
#UrbanAirMobility #UAM #FiberPreforms
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Airborne, KVE Composites, RHIA, Royal NLR and TU Delft partner in EU project for ultra-efficient propeller/rotor blades in hybrid and electric aircraft, UAM and drones.
An important step towards more sustainable aviation, as well as parcel and passenger transport via drones, was taken with the €1.44 million grant awarded to the Smart Rotors project by the European Fund for Regional Development (EFRO). With the cooperation of InnovationQuarter, the grant enables the Dutch partners Airborne, KVE Composites, RHIA (Rotterdam The Hague Innovation Airport), Royal NLR and TU Delft to advance development of ultra-efficient propeller and rotor blades, specifically for hybrid and electric aircraft, urban air mobility (UAM) and drones.
Smart Rotors: Why?
The development of ‘smart rotors’ is an important step towards more sustainable aviation, less emissions and less noise pollution, as well as parcel delivery via drones and will also support the further development of UAM.
Rotors can be either the blades of a propeller intended for the propulsion of aircraft or the blades of a rotor intended for the propulsion of helicopters and drones. The project aims to design the rotors for hybrid and electric aircraft and for drones so that they operate more efficiently, perform better and produce less noise.
“In addition, smarter production methods are being looked into, so that future aircraft and drones can be equipped with suitable propeller and rotor blades faster and on a larger scale,” says Ruben Nahuis, technical project leader at Royal NLR. The project is part of the Next Aviation Fieldlab, which focuses on developing, testing and implementing sustainable aviation technology in a real airport environment at Rotterdam The Hague Airport (RTHA).
#UrbanAirMobility #UAM #FiberPreforms
> source
Composites
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Vestas unveils 15-MW offshore wind turbine with 115.5-meter-long blades
Industry’s largest rotor ups output by 65% versus 9.5 MW turbines, serial production for 2024.
Vestas (Aarhus, Denmark) continues on its path toward offshore wind innovation with the introduction of the V236-15.0-megawatt (MW) turbine. With the industry’s largest swept area exceeding 43,000 square meters and a capacity factor of over 60%, the new technology will reportedly establish a strong foundation for Vestas’ offshore leadership journey by elevating the industry benchmark for performance and continued cost reduction.
The new turbine’s 15-MW reach also matches the potential capacity of Siemens Gamesa Renewable Energy SA (SGRE, Zamudio, Spain) wind turbines, and surpasses General Electric Co’s (Boston, Mass., U.S.) Haliade-X machine, which retains a capacity of 14 MW. Each blade on the V236-15.0 MW measures 115.5 meters (379 feet) long, giving it a total height of 261 meters, a blade reportedly longer than the 108-meter-long blades on Siemens Gamesa’s SG 14-222 DD direct drive turbine, which previously held the record. Vestas says each turbine could generate enough power for 20,000 households a year, improve wind energy production to around 80 gigwatt-hours per year and save more than 38,000 tonnes of CO2.
#vestas #windblades
> source
Industry’s largest rotor ups output by 65% versus 9.5 MW turbines, serial production for 2024.
Vestas (Aarhus, Denmark) continues on its path toward offshore wind innovation with the introduction of the V236-15.0-megawatt (MW) turbine. With the industry’s largest swept area exceeding 43,000 square meters and a capacity factor of over 60%, the new technology will reportedly establish a strong foundation for Vestas’ offshore leadership journey by elevating the industry benchmark for performance and continued cost reduction.
The new turbine’s 15-MW reach also matches the potential capacity of Siemens Gamesa Renewable Energy SA (SGRE, Zamudio, Spain) wind turbines, and surpasses General Electric Co’s (Boston, Mass., U.S.) Haliade-X machine, which retains a capacity of 14 MW. Each blade on the V236-15.0 MW measures 115.5 meters (379 feet) long, giving it a total height of 261 meters, a blade reportedly longer than the 108-meter-long blades on Siemens Gamesa’s SG 14-222 DD direct drive turbine, which previously held the record. Vestas says each turbine could generate enough power for 20,000 households a year, improve wind energy production to around 80 gigwatt-hours per year and save more than 38,000 tonnes of CO2.
#vestas #windblades
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Composites
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Nanoscale materials for cutting emissions in aviation
Composite researchers at the AMRC are at the heart of a European-wide project to develop self-responsive aerospace composites that will significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions and production costs in the aviation sector as it works toward the goal of net zero by 2050.
The University of Sheffield Advanced Manufacturing Research Centre (AMRC) is partnering with 16 industrial partners on the MASTRO project, which is tasked with developing intelligent bulk materials for a smart transport sector as part of Horizon 2020, the biggest EU Research and Innovation programme ever with nearly €80 billion of funding available over seven years (2014 to 2020).
“There are three sections within MASTRO: automotive, infrastructure and aerospace; and the AMRC is leading the aerospace section of the project alongside Embraer. We’re developing three main technologies: self-cure, self-anti-icing and self-sensing,” said Matthew Collinson, research engineer in the AMRC Composite Centre.
The AMRC team is developing materials through the integration of carbon nanotubes – measured in billionths of a metre – which can be turned into smart products, and are now in a position to demonstrate the advances they have made.
“For the first year-and-a-half we’ve been working on developing the materials and so the next stage is developing the smart demonstrators. Now we’ve reached a point where we can build a section of a composite leading-edge wing – to show off the self-cure, self-anti-icing and self-sensing we have developed,” added Collinson.
#resin #MASTRO #AMRC #aerospace
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Composite researchers at the AMRC are at the heart of a European-wide project to develop self-responsive aerospace composites that will significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions and production costs in the aviation sector as it works toward the goal of net zero by 2050.
The University of Sheffield Advanced Manufacturing Research Centre (AMRC) is partnering with 16 industrial partners on the MASTRO project, which is tasked with developing intelligent bulk materials for a smart transport sector as part of Horizon 2020, the biggest EU Research and Innovation programme ever with nearly €80 billion of funding available over seven years (2014 to 2020).
“There are three sections within MASTRO: automotive, infrastructure and aerospace; and the AMRC is leading the aerospace section of the project alongside Embraer. We’re developing three main technologies: self-cure, self-anti-icing and self-sensing,” said Matthew Collinson, research engineer in the AMRC Composite Centre.
The AMRC team is developing materials through the integration of carbon nanotubes – measured in billionths of a metre – which can be turned into smart products, and are now in a position to demonstrate the advances they have made.
“For the first year-and-a-half we’ve been working on developing the materials and so the next stage is developing the smart demonstrators. Now we’ve reached a point where we can build a section of a composite leading-edge wing – to show off the self-cure, self-anti-icing and self-sensing we have developed,” added Collinson.
#resin #MASTRO #AMRC #aerospace
> source
Composites
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New direct mould tooling technology for aerospace
Decision SA, part of the leading European composites consortium, Carboman Group, and a specialist in the development, prototyping and production of large composite structures, is has announced a new direct mould tooling technology for aerospace.
Decision’s latest tooling solution provides OEMs and manufacturers with short lead times for highly stable direct moulds for series production both in and outside of the autoclave at temperatures of up to 180˚C.
Decision and Carboman recently delivered the first customer moulds using the new technology, providing a tooling glass prepreg, stainless-steel backed direct female mould tool created for the series production of a Class 3 fairing to a leading European aerospace OEM. Decision has immediate availability and capacity for similar tooling projects with lead times currently as short as six to eight weeks.
With no traditional plug or mould pattern required, Decision’s direct mould process starts with the group’s engineers selecting a material combination for the tool surface and support structure that will provide the optimum match between the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of the mould and the composite part to be processed.
The CNC machined composite face sheet is supported by a stress-relieved metallic or composite backing structure before final post curing and machining is completed.
The principal benefit of this novel approach, aside from removing the need for costly and time-consuming plug production, is the production accuracy delivered by the closely matched CTE of the mould tool and the finished composite part.
The autoclaved composite tool surface is not only extremely dimensionally stable up to processing temperatures of 180˚C, but it can also be configured with additional metallic inserts or fixtures if required.
#composites #aerospace
> source
Decision SA, part of the leading European composites consortium, Carboman Group, and a specialist in the development, prototyping and production of large composite structures, is has announced a new direct mould tooling technology for aerospace.
Decision’s latest tooling solution provides OEMs and manufacturers with short lead times for highly stable direct moulds for series production both in and outside of the autoclave at temperatures of up to 180˚C.
Decision and Carboman recently delivered the first customer moulds using the new technology, providing a tooling glass prepreg, stainless-steel backed direct female mould tool created for the series production of a Class 3 fairing to a leading European aerospace OEM. Decision has immediate availability and capacity for similar tooling projects with lead times currently as short as six to eight weeks.
With no traditional plug or mould pattern required, Decision’s direct mould process starts with the group’s engineers selecting a material combination for the tool surface and support structure that will provide the optimum match between the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of the mould and the composite part to be processed.
The CNC machined composite face sheet is supported by a stress-relieved metallic or composite backing structure before final post curing and machining is completed.
The principal benefit of this novel approach, aside from removing the need for costly and time-consuming plug production, is the production accuracy delivered by the closely matched CTE of the mould tool and the finished composite part.
The autoclaved composite tool surface is not only extremely dimensionally stable up to processing temperatures of 180˚C, but it can also be configured with additional metallic inserts or fixtures if required.
#composites #aerospace
> source
Composites
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**Bioinspired material puts the squeeze on plastics
A bioinspired composite material made from all-natural raw ingredients could offer a possible alternative to petroleum-based structural plastics, according to researchers from the University of Science and Technology of China in Hefei [Guan et al., Nature Communications (2020) 11:5401, 10.1038/s41467-020-19174-1].
Plastics have found their way into every aspect of modern life but pose a significant environmental threat both in terms of their manufacture and end-of-life disposal. More sustainable alternatives made from bio-resources tend to have limited mechanical properties or require complex manufacturing processes.
“Petroleum-based plastics pose a great threat to the environment and human health,” points out Shu-Hong Yu, who led the work. “Developing sustainable structural materials as substitutes is one of the options for solving the pollution of petroleum-based plastics but remains challenging.”
Yu and his colleagues have devised a composite material based on cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) and mica platelets that they claim possesses better mechanical and thermal properties than conventional plastics. Inspired by nacre, the bricks-and-mortar-like material that makes up shells and other natural structures, the researchers devised a simple directional deforming assembly process that produces a material with promising strength, toughness, stiffness, and thermal stability.
To make the material, CNFs and TiO2-coated mica platelets, pretreated with (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES), are simply mixed together to form a hydrogel. The cross-linked hydrogel is then deformed – or squeezed – to align the platelets in the fibrous matrix, forming a nacre-like bricks-and-mortar structure.
The pretreatment with APTES is a crucial step because it improves the interfacial interaction between CNFs and TiO2-mica, which are otherwise poor, explains Yu. As a result, hydroxyl groups form on the nanosized TiO2 grains, which react with silane groups to form a silanized surface. In turn, the silanized surface helps the attachment of TiO2-mica to CNFs. Simultaneously, carboxyl groups in the CNFs are crosslinked by calcium ions in the mica to create a strong ionic bond network. The resulting composite has a strength of 281 MPa and a modulus of 20 GPa, higher than the constituent materials or typical natural nacres.
It is the bricks-and-mortar like structure of the composite that accounts for the mechanical properties. Under deformation, cracks have to propagate along tortuous paths around the TiO2-mica ‘bricks’, serving to relieve local stresses. Nanograins of TiO2 on the surface, meanwhile, slide past each other when strained to dissipate energy.
#composites
> source
A bioinspired composite material made from all-natural raw ingredients could offer a possible alternative to petroleum-based structural plastics, according to researchers from the University of Science and Technology of China in Hefei [Guan et al., Nature Communications (2020) 11:5401, 10.1038/s41467-020-19174-1].
Plastics have found their way into every aspect of modern life but pose a significant environmental threat both in terms of their manufacture and end-of-life disposal. More sustainable alternatives made from bio-resources tend to have limited mechanical properties or require complex manufacturing processes.
“Petroleum-based plastics pose a great threat to the environment and human health,” points out Shu-Hong Yu, who led the work. “Developing sustainable structural materials as substitutes is one of the options for solving the pollution of petroleum-based plastics but remains challenging.”
Yu and his colleagues have devised a composite material based on cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) and mica platelets that they claim possesses better mechanical and thermal properties than conventional plastics. Inspired by nacre, the bricks-and-mortar-like material that makes up shells and other natural structures, the researchers devised a simple directional deforming assembly process that produces a material with promising strength, toughness, stiffness, and thermal stability.
To make the material, CNFs and TiO2-coated mica platelets, pretreated with (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES), are simply mixed together to form a hydrogel. The cross-linked hydrogel is then deformed – or squeezed – to align the platelets in the fibrous matrix, forming a nacre-like bricks-and-mortar structure.
The pretreatment with APTES is a crucial step because it improves the interfacial interaction between CNFs and TiO2-mica, which are otherwise poor, explains Yu. As a result, hydroxyl groups form on the nanosized TiO2 grains, which react with silane groups to form a silanized surface. In turn, the silanized surface helps the attachment of TiO2-mica to CNFs. Simultaneously, carboxyl groups in the CNFs are crosslinked by calcium ions in the mica to create a strong ionic bond network. The resulting composite has a strength of 281 MPa and a modulus of 20 GPa, higher than the constituent materials or typical natural nacres.
It is the bricks-and-mortar like structure of the composite that accounts for the mechanical properties. Under deformation, cracks have to propagate along tortuous paths around the TiO2-mica ‘bricks’, serving to relieve local stresses. Nanograins of TiO2 on the surface, meanwhile, slide past each other when strained to dissipate energy.
#composites
> source
Composites
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BÜFA Thermoplastic Composites offers B-PREG natural fiber-based semi-finished products
Portfolio expanded to include flax fiber/polypropylene UD prepreg tapes, woven prepregs and flax fabrics.
Reducing environmental impact is increasingly gaining importance for companies worldwide. As a result, the demand for natural fibers in composites is growing. As a supplier of raw materials and semi-finished products for the production of lightweight thermoplastic components, BÜFA Thermoplastic Composites (Oldenburg, Germany) has recognized this trend. To meet this increasing demand sustainable materials, BÜFA Thermoplastic Composites will cooperate with B-PREG (Izmir, Turkey), a supplier of natural fiber-based composites, to offer unidirectional (UD) prepregs tapes, woven prepregs and woven dry fabrics made using flax fiber and polypropylene polymer.
“B-PREG textile-based, semi-finished products are thermoplastic sheets reinforced with aligned natural fibers,” explains Dirk Punke, managing director of BÜFA Thermoplastic Composites. “They combine the advantages of recyclability and moldability of thermoplastics with carbon-neutral, bio-based reinforcement. The potential waste savings in production will reduce the pollution on the environment. There are also solutions with biodegradable thermoplastics for applications that should go beyond recyclability.”
The UD prepregs, tapes and fabrics can be processed by tape laying, thermoforming, vacuum forming, press forming and injection molding (back injection as well as overmolding). This leads to short cycle times with a high design flexibility for bio-based composite solutions. For example, these materials are used in interior design for wall panels, cabins, designer and luxury furniture and aircraft interiors by the application of specific fiber orientations and ply thicknesses.
#composites #thermoplastic
> source
Portfolio expanded to include flax fiber/polypropylene UD prepreg tapes, woven prepregs and flax fabrics.
Reducing environmental impact is increasingly gaining importance for companies worldwide. As a result, the demand for natural fibers in composites is growing. As a supplier of raw materials and semi-finished products for the production of lightweight thermoplastic components, BÜFA Thermoplastic Composites (Oldenburg, Germany) has recognized this trend. To meet this increasing demand sustainable materials, BÜFA Thermoplastic Composites will cooperate with B-PREG (Izmir, Turkey), a supplier of natural fiber-based composites, to offer unidirectional (UD) prepregs tapes, woven prepregs and woven dry fabrics made using flax fiber and polypropylene polymer.
“B-PREG textile-based, semi-finished products are thermoplastic sheets reinforced with aligned natural fibers,” explains Dirk Punke, managing director of BÜFA Thermoplastic Composites. “They combine the advantages of recyclability and moldability of thermoplastics with carbon-neutral, bio-based reinforcement. The potential waste savings in production will reduce the pollution on the environment. There are also solutions with biodegradable thermoplastics for applications that should go beyond recyclability.”
The UD prepregs, tapes and fabrics can be processed by tape laying, thermoforming, vacuum forming, press forming and injection molding (back injection as well as overmolding). This leads to short cycle times with a high design flexibility for bio-based composite solutions. For example, these materials are used in interior design for wall panels, cabins, designer and luxury furniture and aircraft interiors by the application of specific fiber orientations and ply thicknesses.
#composites #thermoplastic
> source
Dear friends!
We remind you that the main event in the composite industry, the Composite-Expo 2021 exhibition, will be held from March 30 to April 1 in Pavilion 1 of the Expocentre Fairgrounds.
Note!
The entrance to the exhibition is through the Western entrance to the EXPOCENTRE Fairgrounds!
Exhibition opening hours:
March 30 and 31 - from 10.00 to 18.00
April 1 - from 10.00 to 16.00
As part of the business program, on March 31, the 2nd R&D Conference «Practical use of composite materials in different industries» will be held.
• catalog of exhibitors
• conference program
• get an invitation
• venue
See you at the exhibition!
#composites #CompositeExpo2021 #CompositeExpoExhibition
We remind you that the main event in the composite industry, the Composite-Expo 2021 exhibition, will be held from March 30 to April 1 in Pavilion 1 of the Expocentre Fairgrounds.
Note!
The entrance to the exhibition is through the Western entrance to the EXPOCENTRE Fairgrounds!
Exhibition opening hours:
March 30 and 31 - from 10.00 to 18.00
April 1 - from 10.00 to 16.00
As part of the business program, on March 31, the 2nd R&D Conference «Practical use of composite materials in different industries» will be held.
• catalog of exhibitors
• conference program
• get an invitation
• venue
See you at the exhibition!
#composites #CompositeExpo2021 #CompositeExpoExhibition
Composites
Photo
Composite-Expo 2021 Exhibition started!
Entrance to the territory of the Expocentre Fairgrounds is carried out through the Western entrance.
We will be glad to see you at the event!
Entrance to the territory of the Expocentre Fairgrounds is carried out through the Western entrance.
We will be glad to see you at the event!
Composite-Expo 2021 exhibition continues its work.
Today is the final day of the event.
Leading industry players will be delighted to see you at their stands.
Working hours: from 10.00 to 16.00.
> free invitation
#CompositeExpo #CompositeExpoExhibition #CompositeExpo2021
Today is the final day of the event.
Leading industry players will be delighted to see you at their stands.
Working hours: from 10.00 to 16.00.
> free invitation
#CompositeExpo #CompositeExpoExhibition #CompositeExpo2021
Dear participants and visitors!
Behind three active days of the Composite-Expo 2021 exhibition.
We will post the final information on the event (press release, photos, feedback from participants, statistics, etc.) on the official website in the near future.
We are grateful to our regular exhibitors, as well as companies that took part in the event for the first time for making a decision about full-time participation in the exhibition in this difficult period, and visitors for their active interest in the event and the business program within its framework!
We hope that in 2022 nothing will prevent the exhibition from being held in full, with the full participation of our foreign exhibitors!
The 14th International Exhibition Composite-Expo will be held from March 29 to March 31, 2022.
Advance booking of stands is already open!
Behind three active days of the Composite-Expo 2021 exhibition.
We will post the final information on the event (press release, photos, feedback from participants, statistics, etc.) on the official website in the near future.
We are grateful to our regular exhibitors, as well as companies that took part in the event for the first time for making a decision about full-time participation in the exhibition in this difficult period, and visitors for their active interest in the event and the business program within its framework!
We hope that in 2022 nothing will prevent the exhibition from being held in full, with the full participation of our foreign exhibitors!
The 14th International Exhibition Composite-Expo will be held from March 29 to March 31, 2022.
Advance booking of stands is already open!
Composites
Sandia National Laboratories’ Brandon Ennis holding a carbon fiber plank. Photo courtesy Randy Montoya.
Carbon fiber wind turbine blades could reduce cost
Sandia National Laboratories has released a new study which suggests that a new carbon fiber material could bring cost and performance benefits to the wind industry if developed commercially.
According to the company, wind blades containing carbon fiber weigh 25% less than ones made from traditional glass fiber materials. That means carbon fiber blades could be longer than glass fiber ones and capture more energy in locations with low wind. A switch to carbon fiber could also extend blade lifetime because carbon fiber materials have a high fatigue resistance, according to Brandon Ennis, a wind energy researcher at Sandia Labs and the principal investigator for the project.
However, costs are an issue in using carbon fiber, and turbine manufacturers have to build blades able to withstand compressive and fatigue loads for up to 30 years.
According to Ennis, a new lower-cost carbon fiber developed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) could meet the performance needs of the wind industry and also bring cost benefits. This material starts with a widely available precursor from the textile industry containing thick bundles of acrylic fibers. The manufacturing process, which heats the fibers to convert them to carbon, is followed by an intermediate step that pulls the carbon fiber into planks. The plank-making pultrusion process creates carbon fiber with high performance and reliability needed for blade manufacturing and also allows for high production capacity, according to Sandia. The research team suggest that the material performed better than current commercial materials ‘in terms of cost-specific properties of most interest to the wind industry’.
In tests, the mechanical properties of the carbon fiber were compared to commercially available carbon fiber and standard glass fiber composites. Ennis then combined these measurements with cost modeling results from ORNL and used the data in a blade design analysis to assess the system impact of using the novel carbon fiber, instead of standard carbon fiber or glass fiber, as the main structural support in a wind blade.
#composites
> source
Sandia National Laboratories has released a new study which suggests that a new carbon fiber material could bring cost and performance benefits to the wind industry if developed commercially.
According to the company, wind blades containing carbon fiber weigh 25% less than ones made from traditional glass fiber materials. That means carbon fiber blades could be longer than glass fiber ones and capture more energy in locations with low wind. A switch to carbon fiber could also extend blade lifetime because carbon fiber materials have a high fatigue resistance, according to Brandon Ennis, a wind energy researcher at Sandia Labs and the principal investigator for the project.
However, costs are an issue in using carbon fiber, and turbine manufacturers have to build blades able to withstand compressive and fatigue loads for up to 30 years.
According to Ennis, a new lower-cost carbon fiber developed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) could meet the performance needs of the wind industry and also bring cost benefits. This material starts with a widely available precursor from the textile industry containing thick bundles of acrylic fibers. The manufacturing process, which heats the fibers to convert them to carbon, is followed by an intermediate step that pulls the carbon fiber into planks. The plank-making pultrusion process creates carbon fiber with high performance and reliability needed for blade manufacturing and also allows for high production capacity, according to Sandia. The research team suggest that the material performed better than current commercial materials ‘in terms of cost-specific properties of most interest to the wind industry’.
In tests, the mechanical properties of the carbon fiber were compared to commercially available carbon fiber and standard glass fiber composites. Ennis then combined these measurements with cost modeling results from ORNL and used the data in a blade design analysis to assess the system impact of using the novel carbon fiber, instead of standard carbon fiber or glass fiber, as the main structural support in a wind blade.
#composites
> source