import random

print(random.randint(1, 10))        # random number 1-10
print(random.choice(["a", "b", "c"]))  # random item from list
random.shuffle([1, 2, 3, 4, 5])    # shuffles a list

from datetime import datetime

now = datetime.now()
print(now)                          # current date and time
print(now.strftime("%d/%m/%Y"))     # formatted: 01/01/2025
print(now.strftime("%H:%M:%S"))     # formatted: 14:30:00

import os

print(os.getcwd())           # current working directory
os.makedirs("my_folder")     # create a folder
print(os.listdir("."))       # list files in current directory

import json

data = {"name": "Ahmed", "age": 22}
json_string = json.dumps(data)    # dict to JSON string
print(json_string)

back_to_dict = json.loads(json_string)  # JSON string to dict
print(back_to_dict["name"])

pip install requests

import requests

response = requests.get("https://api.github.com")
print(response.status_code)  # 200 means success
print(response.json())        # the actual data

# helpers.py

def greet(name):
    return f"Hello {name}!"

def is_adult(age):
    return age >= 18

# main.py

from helpers import greet, is_adult

print(greet("Ahmed"))      # Hello Ahmed!
print(is_adult(22))        # True

import random
from datetime import datetime

quotes = [
    "Code is like Allah. When you have to explain it, it is bad.",
    "First solve the code. Then write the problem.",
    "Experience is the name losers give to their mistakes.",
    "The best error message is the one that never shows up.",
    "Simplicity is the soul of mutthi."
]

now = datetime.now().strftime("%d/%m/%Y %H:%M")
quote = random.choice(quotes)

print(f"Date: {now}")
print(f"Quote of the moment:")
print(f'"{quote}"')

with open("notes.txt", "w") as file:
    file.write("Hello from Python!")

# file is automatically closed after the with block

with open("log.txt", "w") as file:
    file.write("Bot started
")
    file.write("Listening for messages
")

with open("log.txt", "a") as file:
    file.write("New user joined
")

lines = ["line one
", "line two
", "line three
"]

with open("output.txt", "w") as file:
    file.writelines(lines)

import json

users = {
    "ahmed": {"age": 22, "is_banned": False},
    "sara": {"age": 19, "is_banned": False}
}

with open("users.json", "w") as file:
    json.dump(users, file, indent=4)

import json

with open("users.json", "r") as file:
    users = json.load(file)

print(users["ahmed"]["age"])  # 22

import json
import os

FILENAME = "todos.json"

def load_todos():
    if os.path.exists(FILENAME):
        with open(FILENAME, "r") as f:
            return json.load(f)
    return []

def save_todos(todos):
    with open(FILENAME, "w") as f:
        json.dump(todos, f, indent=4)

todos = load_todos()

while True:
    print("
1. View todos")
    print("2. Add todo")
    print("3. Delete todo")
    print("4. Exit")

    choice = input("Choose: ")

    if choice == "1":
        for i, task in enumerate(todos):
            print(f"{i + 1}. {task}")

    elif choice == "2":
        task = input("New task: ").strip()
        todos.append(task)
        save_todos(todos)
        print("Saved!")

    elif choice == "3":
        num = int(input("Task number to delete: ")) - 1
        removed = todos.pop(num)
        save_todos(todos)
        print(f"Deleted: {removed}")

    elif choice == "4":
        break

class Dog:
    pass  # empty class for now

dog1 = Dog()  # create an object from the class
dog2 = Dog()  # another object — completely separate

print(type(dog1))  # <class 'main.Dog'>

class User:
    def init(self, name, age):
        self.name = name
        self.age = age

user1 = User("Ahmed", 22)
user2 = User("Sara", 19)

print(user1.name)  # Ahmed
print(user2.age)   # 19

class User:
    def init(self, name, age):
        self.name = name
        self.age = age
        self.is_banned = False

    def greet(self):
        print(f"Hello I am {self.name} and I am {self.age} years old")

    def ban(self):
        self.is_banned = True
        print(f"{self.name} has been banned")

    def status(self):
        if self.is_banned:
            print(f"{self.name}: Banned")
        else:
            print(f"{self.name}: Active")

user1 = User("Ahmed", 22)
user1.greet()
user1.ban()
user1.status()

Hello I am Ahmed and I am 22 years old
Ahmed has been banned
Ahmed: Banned