input() lets the user type something and your code responds
name = input("What is your name? ")
print(f"Hello {name}!")Run this and type your name — your code just talked back to you
Important — input() always gives you a string
Even if the user types a number you get it as text
So if you need to do math with it, convert it first:
age = int(input("How old are you? "))
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name = input("Enter your name: ").strip().title()
age = int(input("Enter your age: "))
city = input("Enter your city: ").strip()
print(f"Name : {name}")
print(f"Age : {age}")
print(f"City : {city}")
print(f"In 5 years you will be {age + 5}")
print(f"Your name has {len(name)} letters")Notice line 1 — we take input, strip spaces, and capitalize all in one line
This is how real clean code looks
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Watch this after reading through all the posts
Python Full Course 2024 — freeCodeCamp
Covers strings, strip, title case, interactive mode, arithmetic, and formatting numbers
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Build a personal info card generator
Ask the user for name, age, city and hobby then print a formatted card:
name = input("Name: ").strip().title()
age = int(input("Age: "))
city = input("City: ").strip().title()
hobby = input("Hobby: ").strip().lower()
print("====================")
print(f" Name : {name}")
print(f" Age : {age}")
print(f" City : {city}")
print(f" Hobby : {hobby}")
print(f" Name length: {len(name)} letters")
print("====================")Screenshot your output
Bonus — add one more input of your choice
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So far your code runs top to bottom and does the same thing every time
No decisions, no logic — just straight execution
This lecture changes that
Conditionals let your code make decisions
Do this IF something is true — do that if it is not
This is the moment your code starts feeling like an actual program
This lecture covers:
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An if statement runs a block of code only when a condition is true
If the condition is false — it skips that block entirely
age = 20
if age >= 18:
print("You are an adult")
Two things to never forget:
Indentation is not optional in Python
It is literally how Python knows what belongs inside the if block
Miss it and your code breaks
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else runs when the if condition is false:
age = 15
if age >= 18:
print("You are an adult")
else:
print("You are a minor")
elif checks multiple conditions in order:
score = 75
if score >= 90:
print("Grade: A")
elif score >= 80:
print("Grade: B")
elif score >= 70:
print("Grade: C")
elif score >= 60:
print("Grade: D")
else:
print("Grade: F")
Python checks from top to bottom
The moment one is true it runs that block and skips everything else
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and — both conditions must be true:
age = 25
has_id = True
if age >= 18 and has_id:
print("Access granted")
else:
print("Access denied")
or — at least one must be true:
is_admin = False
is_owner = True
if is_admin or is_owner:
print("You can edit this")
not — flips the condition:
is_banned = False
if not is_banned:
print("Welcome back")
You will use these constantly in bots
Things like — if user is admin AND message is a command — do this
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correct_password = "python123"
username = input("Enter username: ").strip().lower()
password = input("Enter password: ").strip()
if username == "admin" and password == correct_password:
print("Welcome back Admin!")
elif username == "admin" and password != correct_password:
print("Wrong password")
else:
print(f"User {username} not found")
Notice how we combined everything from the last 4 lectures
Variables, strings, input, f-strings, and now conditionals
This is how real programs are built — piece by piece
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Watch this after reading through all the posts
Python Full Course 2024 — freeCodeCamp
Covers conditionals, if/elif/else, modulo operator, and even/odd logic
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Build a number guessing hint program:
secret = 42
guess = int(input("Guess the number: "))
if guess == secret:
print("Correct!")
elif guess > secret:
print(f"Too high — you were off by {guess - secret}")
else:
print(f"Too low — you were off by {secret - guess}")
This is the base — now make it your own
Change the number, add more messages, make it interesting
Screenshot your output
Bonus — add a check: if the guess is within 5 of the secret, print "So close!"
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So far your code runs once and stops
What if you need to do something 100 times?
You are not going to write 100 lines
That is where loops come in
A loop runs a block of code over and over until you tell it to stop
This lecture covers:
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A while loop keeps running as long as a condition is true
The moment it becomes false — the loop stops
count = 1
while count <= 5:
print(f"Count: {count}")
count += 1
print("Done")
Output:
Count: 1
Count: 2
Count: 3
Count: 4
Count: 5
Done
count += 1 means count = count + 1
We increase count each time so the loop eventually stops
If you forget to update count the loop runs forever
This is called an infinite loop — press Ctrl+C to stop it
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A for loop repeats for each item in a sequence
It is cleaner and safer than while for most situations
fruits = ["apple", "banana", "mango"]
for fruit in fruits:
print(fruit)
Output:
apple
banana
mango
You can also loop over a string — it goes letter by letter:
for letter in "Python":
print(letter)
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range() generates a sequence of numbers for you to loop over
for i in range(5):
print(i)
# prints 0, 1, 2, 3, 4
```python
for i in range(1, 6):
print(i)
# prints 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
python
for i in range(0, 10, 2):
print(i)
# prints 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 (step of 2)
`range(start, stop, step)
Stop is always excluded — range(1, 6) gives you 1 to 5
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break — exits the loop immediately:
for i in range(10):
if i == 5:
break
print(i)
# prints 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 then stops
continue — skips the current iteration and moves to the next:
for i in range(10):
if i % 2 == 0:
continue
print(i)
# prints only odd numbers: 1, 3, 5, 7, 9
You will use break a lot in bots
For example — keep asking for input until the user types something valid
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