pip install requests

import requests

response = requests.get("https://api.github.com")
print(response.status_code)  # 200 means success
print(response.json())        # the actual data

# helpers.py

def greet(name):
    return f"Hello {name}!"

def is_adult(age):
    return age >= 18

# main.py

from helpers import greet, is_adult

print(greet("Ahmed"))      # Hello Ahmed!
print(is_adult(22))        # True

import random
from datetime import datetime

quotes = [
    "Code is like Allah. When you have to explain it, it is bad.",
    "First solve the code. Then write the problem.",
    "Experience is the name losers give to their mistakes.",
    "The best error message is the one that never shows up.",
    "Simplicity is the soul of mutthi."
]

now = datetime.now().strftime("%d/%m/%Y %H:%M")
quote = random.choice(quotes)

print(f"Date: {now}")
print(f"Quote of the moment:")
print(f'"{quote}"')

with open("notes.txt", "w") as file:
    file.write("Hello from Python!")

# file is automatically closed after the with block

with open("log.txt", "w") as file:
    file.write("Bot started
")
    file.write("Listening for messages
")

with open("log.txt", "a") as file:
    file.write("New user joined
")

lines = ["line one
", "line two
", "line three
"]

with open("output.txt", "w") as file:
    file.writelines(lines)

import json

users = {
    "ahmed": {"age": 22, "is_banned": False},
    "sara": {"age": 19, "is_banned": False}
}

with open("users.json", "w") as file:
    json.dump(users, file, indent=4)

import json

with open("users.json", "r") as file:
    users = json.load(file)

print(users["ahmed"]["age"])  # 22

import json
import os

FILENAME = "todos.json"

def load_todos():
    if os.path.exists(FILENAME):
        with open(FILENAME, "r") as f:
            return json.load(f)
    return []

def save_todos(todos):
    with open(FILENAME, "w") as f:
        json.dump(todos, f, indent=4)

todos = load_todos()

while True:
    print("
1. View todos")
    print("2. Add todo")
    print("3. Delete todo")
    print("4. Exit")

    choice = input("Choose: ")

    if choice == "1":
        for i, task in enumerate(todos):
            print(f"{i + 1}. {task}")

    elif choice == "2":
        task = input("New task: ").strip()
        todos.append(task)
        save_todos(todos)
        print("Saved!")

    elif choice == "3":
        num = int(input("Task number to delete: ")) - 1
        removed = todos.pop(num)
        save_todos(todos)
        print(f"Deleted: {removed}")

    elif choice == "4":
        break

class Dog:
    pass  # empty class for now

dog1 = Dog()  # create an object from the class
dog2 = Dog()  # another object — completely separate

print(type(dog1))  # <class 'main.Dog'>

class User:
    def init(self, name, age):
        self.name = name
        self.age = age

user1 = User("Ahmed", 22)
user2 = User("Sara", 19)

print(user1.name)  # Ahmed
print(user2.age)   # 19

class User:
    def init(self, name, age):
        self.name = name
        self.age = age
        self.is_banned = False

    def greet(self):
        print(f"Hello I am {self.name} and I am {self.age} years old")

    def ban(self):
        self.is_banned = True
        print(f"{self.name} has been banned")

    def status(self):
        if self.is_banned:
            print(f"{self.name}: Banned")
        else:
            print(f"{self.name}: Active")

user1 = User("Ahmed", 22)
user1.greet()
user1.ban()
user1.status()

Hello I am Ahmed and I am 22 years old
Ahmed has been banned
Ahmed: Banned

class User:
    def init(self, name):
        self.name = name

    def greet(self):
        print(f"Hello I am {self.name}")


class Admin(User):  # Admin inherits from User
    def init(self, name):
        super().init(name)  # call parent init
        self.permissions = ["ban", "mute", "delete"]

    def show_permissions(self):
        print(f"{self.name} can: {', '.join(self.permissions)}")


admin = Admin("Ahmed")
admin.greet()             # inherited from User
admin.show_permissions()  # Admin's own method

from aiogram import Bot, Dispatcher
from aiogram.types import Message

bot = Bot(token="YOUR_TOKEN")  # creating an object from the Bot class
dp = Dispatcher()               # creating an object from the Dispatcher class

@dp.message()
async def handle(message: Message):  # Message is a class
    print(message.text)       # attribute
    print(message.from_user.first_name)  # nested object attribute
    await message.reply("Hello!")  # calling a method on the object