Creative Doctors ๐Ÿ–ค
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What is the most frequent carpal bone fracturุŸุŸุŸ๐Ÿค”
Fracture of the scaphoid
ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุฌูŠ ุงู…ุณูƒูŠูˆ๐ŸŒš๐Ÿ˜‰

-
Fractured of the scaphoid usually ocuuer from a fall onto outstreched hand

ูˆูŠู† ุฑุงุญ ูŠุญุณ ุจู„ูˆุฌุน ุŸุŸ๐Ÿค•๐Ÿ˜“

Always look for tenderness at the anatomic snuffbox

Tha patient may get an x-ray and the x-ray intially may be negative so scaphoid fracture could be missed
ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ู„ุงุฒู… ู†ุนูŠุฏ ุงู„ุงุดุนู‡ ุจุนุฏ weeks 2_3


The poor blood supply to the proximal part of the scaphoid mean delayed taking months and that healing several avascular necrosis may occur.
ูˆุงู†ุชุจู‡ูˆ ุงู‡ู†ุง ุงุฐุง ุณุฃู„ู†ูŠ ูŠุง ุงุฑุงุชุฑูŠ ุฑุงุญ ูŠุชุฃุซุฑ ูู‡ูˆ branch from radial artery ๐Ÿ‘
ู…ุตุทู„ุญุงุช ู…ู‡ู…ู‡ ุจู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ๐Ÿ’›
#Mod_S2

ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุฌูŠ mcq ุงูˆ short answer
ู„ู‡ุฐุง ุฑูƒุฒูˆุง ูˆูŠุงูŠ ูˆุญูุธูˆู‡ู† โœ”๏ธ

๐Ÿ’ฎ Erythema : mean there is heat and redness at the site of inflammation .

๐Ÿ”…๐Ÿ”…๐Ÿ”…๐Ÿ”…๐Ÿ”…๐Ÿ”…๐Ÿ”…๐Ÿ”†๐Ÿ”†๐Ÿ”…๐Ÿ”†๐Ÿ”†

๐Ÿ’ฎ Stasis : dilated blood vessels packed with red blood cell

๐Ÿ”…๐Ÿ”…๐Ÿ”…๐Ÿ”…๐Ÿ”…๐Ÿ”…๐Ÿ”…๐Ÿ”…๐Ÿ”…๐Ÿ”…๐Ÿ”…๐Ÿ”…

ูˆุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุชุชุทูˆุฑ ุงู„ stasis ๐Ÿ‘† ุฑุญ ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ๐Ÿ‘‡

๐Ÿ’ฎ Margination : accumulat blood leukocytes principally neutrophils along a vascular endothelium surface

๐Ÿ”…๐Ÿ”…๐Ÿ”…๐Ÿ”…๐Ÿ”…๐Ÿ”…๐Ÿ”…๐Ÿ”…๐Ÿ”…๐Ÿ”…๐Ÿ”…๐Ÿ”…

๐Ÿ’ฎ Transudate : fluid that moving from capillary to the tissue under rise in hydrostatic pressure.

๐Ÿ”…๐Ÿ”…๐Ÿ”…๐Ÿ”…๐Ÿ”…๐Ÿ”…๐Ÿ”…๐Ÿ”…๐Ÿ”…๐Ÿ”…๐Ÿ”…๐Ÿ”…

๐Ÿ’ฎ Exudate : movement of fluid rich in protein because of increasing in vascular permeability.

๐Ÿ”…๐Ÿ”…๐Ÿ”…๐Ÿ”…๐Ÿ”…๐Ÿ”…๐Ÿ”…๐Ÿ”…๐Ÿ”…๐Ÿ”…๐Ÿ”…๐Ÿ”…

๐Ÿ’ฎ Edema : the accumulation of fluid ( exudate or transudate) in the extra vascular spaces.

๐Ÿ”…๐Ÿ”…๐Ÿ”…๐Ÿ”…๐Ÿ”…๐Ÿ”…๐Ÿ”…๐Ÿ”…๐Ÿ”…๐Ÿ”…๐Ÿ”…๐Ÿ”…

๐Ÿ’ฎ Oedema : excess of fluid ( transudate or exudate) in the interstitium , oedema lead to increase lymphatic drainage.

๐Ÿ”…๐Ÿ”…๐Ÿ”…๐Ÿ”…๐Ÿ”…๐Ÿ”…๐Ÿ”…๐Ÿ”…๐Ÿ”…๐Ÿ”…๐Ÿ”…๐Ÿ”…

๐Ÿ’ฎ Pus : a purulent exudate, rich in neutrophils and cell debris.

๐Ÿ”…๐Ÿ”…๐Ÿ”…๐Ÿ”…๐Ÿ”…๐Ÿ”…๐Ÿ”…๐Ÿ”…๐Ÿ”…๐Ÿ”…๐Ÿ”…๐Ÿ”…

๐Ÿ’ฎ Lymphangitis : the lymphatic become secondary inflamed.

๐Ÿ”…๐Ÿ”…๐Ÿ”…๐Ÿ”…๐Ÿ”…๐Ÿ”…๐Ÿ”…๐Ÿ”…๐Ÿ”…๐Ÿ”…๐Ÿ”…๐Ÿ”…

๐Ÿ’ฎ Lymphadentitis : inflamed of lymph node
ู…ุฑุญุจุง ๐ŸŒ
ูŠู„ุง ุชุนุงู„ูˆุงุง ูˆูŠุงู†ุง ู†ุดุฑุญโค๏ธ
Femoral nerve ๐Ÿ‘Œ๐Ÿ‘Œ
๐Ÿ๐ŸNerve Supply of the Anterior Fascial Compartment of the Thigh:

๐ŸŒ– Femoral_Nerve
โ€ข The femoral nerve is the largest branch of dorsal division of the lumbar plexus (L2, 3,and 4).


ู‡ุณู‡ ุฑุงุญ ู†ุญุฌูŠ ุนู† ุงู„ู†ูŠุฑู ุงู„ู…ุบุฐูŠ ู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุงู†ุชูŠุฑูŠุฑ ูƒูˆู…ุจุงุฑุชู…ูŠู†ุช....ูˆุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฑุงุญ ูŠุบุฐูŠู‡ุง ู‡ูˆู‡ ุงู„ femoral nerve
ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ูŠุฑู ู‡ูˆู‡ ุงูƒุจุฑ ุชูุฑุน ู…ุงู„ ุงู„ dorsal
L 2,3,4

๐ŸŒ—It emerges from the lateral border of the psoas major muscle within the
abdomen and passes downward in the interval between the psoas and iliacus
enter the thigh lateral to femoral artery & femoral sheath, behind the inguinal ligament(4cm below it)

๐ŸŒน๐ŸŒนู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ูŠุฑู ุฑุงุญ ูŠุธู‡ุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุญุงูู‡ ุงู„ู„ุงุชุฑุงู„ lateral ู„ุนุถู„ู‡ psoas major ููŠ ุงู„ุจุทู† ูˆุฑุงุญ ูŠู…ุดูŠ ู„ู„ุฃุณูู„ inferior ุจุงู„ูุงุตู„ ุจูŠู† ุนุถู„ุฉ psoas ูˆ ุนุถู„ุฉ iliacus
ูˆุฑุงู‡ุง ุฑุงุญ ูŠุฏุฎู„ ู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุงู„ thigh

ูˆูŠูƒูˆู† lateral ู„ู„ femoral artery ูˆ ู‡ู… ู„ุงุชุฑุงู„ ู„ู„ femoral sheath
ุจุงู„ุถุจุท ุฑุงุญ ูŠุฏุฎู„ ู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุงู„ thigh ุฎู„ู ุงู„ inguinal ligament ุจุงู„ุถุจุท ุฌูˆุงู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุจุนุฏcm4โƒฃ

โค๏ธit is terminate as
anterior & posterior division.

ูˆุฑุงุญ ูŠุชูุฑุน ุงู„ู‰ ุชูุฑุนูŠู† ุงูˆูƒ

๐Ÿ’ซ๐Ÿ˜ฑthe femoral nerve does not enter the thigh within the femoral sheath.

๐ŸŒต๐ŸŒตู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ูŠุฑู ู…ุง ุฑุงุญ ูŠุฏุฎู„ ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุงู„ thigh ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ femoral sheath ูˆุฅู†ู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ุฎุงุฑุฌู‡ ู…ู† ุฌู‡ุฉ ุงู„ู„ุงุชุฑุงู„


๐Ÿ’ซFemoral nerve supplies all the muscles of anterior compartment of the thigh

๐Ÿ€ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ูŠุฑู ุฑุงุญ ูŠุบุฐูŠ ูƒู„ ุนุถู„ุงุช ุงู„ุงู†ุชูŠุฑูŠุฑ compartment ๐ŸŒœ

๐Ÿ‘has significant cutaneous region along the length of the lower limb

#msk_s7
๐Ÿฅโ˜˜
Branches of Femoral Nerve

ุชูุฑุนุงุช ู‡ุฐุง nerve ุจุณ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงู†ุชูŠุฑูŠุฑ ูˆ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจูˆุณุชูŠุฑูŠุฑ ๐Ÿ™‚

๐ŸŒ—The anterior division ๐ŸŒ—


ุงู„ุงู†ุชูŠุฑูŠุฑ ุฑุงุญ ูŠู†ุทูŠ ุงุฑุจุน ุชูุฑุนุงุช ูƒู„ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุณูˆู‡๐Ÿ‘

๐Ÿ’ซ๐ŸŒน๐Ÿ€ cutaneous branches(medial)that supply the skin of the medial and anterior surfaces of the thigh.

ู‡ุงูŠ ุชุบุฐูŠ ุงู„ุฌู„ุฏ ู…ุงู„ ุงู„ุณุทุญ ุงู„ุฃู…ุงู…ูŠ ูˆุงู„ู…ูŠุฏูŠุงู„ ู…ุงู„
anteriomedial of thigh ๐Ÿ˜‡

๐Ÿ€๐Ÿ’ซ๐ŸŒนTwo muscular branches for (sartorius & pectineus).

ุงู„ุชูุฑุนูŠู† ู…ุงู„ ุฌู‡ุฉ ุงู„ุงู†ุชูŠุฑูŠุฑ ู‡ูŠ ุชูุฑุนุงุช ุนุถู„ูŠุฉ ุฑุงุญ ุชุฑูˆุญ ู„ุนุถู„ุชูŠู† ุชุบุฐูŠู‡ุง ูˆู‡ูŠู‡ ุนุถู„ุฉ ุงู„ sartorius ูˆ ุนุถู„ุฉ pectineus๐Ÿ˜ฉ


๐ŸŒ—Posterior Division ๐ŸŒ—

ุงู„ุชูุฑุน ุงู„ุจูˆุณุชูŠุฑูŠุฑ ุฑุงุญ ูŠู†ุทูŠ 3 ุชูุฑุนุงุช

โ˜˜๐ŸŒบ๐Ÿ’ซOne cutaneous branch, the saphenous nerve

ุงูˆู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู„ saphenous nerve ู‡ุฐุง
ูŠุนุตุจ
medial aspect of leg and foot

๐Ÿ„โ˜˜๐Ÿ’ซMuscular branches to the quadriceps muscle.

ุซุงู†ูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุชูุฑุน ุนุถู„ูŠ ู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ุงู„ quadriceps

๐Ÿ„๐Ÿ€๐Ÿ’ซArticular branch to hip joint(by nerve to rectus femoris muscle)&to knee joint(by nerves to vastus muscle)

ุซุงู„ุซ ุชูุฑุน ู‡ูˆู‡ ุชูุฑุน ุชู…ูุตู„ูŠ ุฑุงุญ ูŠู†ุทูŠ ุชูุฑุน ู„ู„ู…ูุงุตู„ ุจุณ ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุงุช ุงู„ู…ุณุคูˆู„ู‡ ุนู† ุชุบุฐูŠุชู‡ุง
ูˆุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠู‡ ุชูุฑุน ู„ู„ hip joint ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ู†ูŠุฑู ู„ู„ rectus femoris muscle
ูˆุชูุฑุน ู„knee joint ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ู†ูŠุฑู ู„ู„ vastus muscle ๐Ÿงšโ€โ™‚๐Ÿงšโ€โ™‚

#msk_s7
๐ŸŒนThe profunda femoris artery


๐ŸŒƒ๐ŸŒƒOrigin:it is arises from the lateral side of the femoral artery,4cm below the inguinal ligament

ูŠู†ุดุฃ ู…ู† ุฌู‡ุฉ lateral ู„ู„ femoral artery ( ู‡ูˆู‡ ุงุตู„ุง ู…ุชูุฑุน ู…ู† ุนู†ุฏู‡) ุจุงู„ุถุจุท ุนู„ู‰ ุจุนุฏ cm4โƒฃ ุฌูˆู‡ ุงู„ inguinal ligamentโญ๏ธ


๐ŸŒงโ˜”๏ธCourse :
it passes medially behind the artery between pectineus & adductor longus muscles & enter medial facial compartment of the thigh, & gives off 3- 4 perforating branches to the posterior compartment.

ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุชูุฑุน ุฑุงุญ ูŠู…ุดูŠ ู…ูŠุฏูŠุงู„ูŠ ุฎู„ู ุงู„femoral artery ุจุงู„ุถุจุท ุจูŠู† ุนุถู„ุชูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠู‡ pectinus ูˆ adductor longus muscle

ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุฑุงุญ ูŠุฏุฎู„ ู„ุฌู‡ุฉ ุงู„ medial compartment of the Thigh ูˆุญูŠู†ุทูŠ ุงู„ู‡ุง ุชูุฑุน ู…ุบุฐูŠ ูˆุจุนุฏูŠู† ุฑุงุญ ูŠุฏุฎู„ ู„ุฌู‡ุฉ posterior compartment of the Thigh ูˆุฑุงุญ ูŠุชูุฑุน ุงู„ู‰ ุงุฑุจุน ุงูˆ ุซู„ุงุซู‡ ุชูุฑุนุงุช ู…ุบุฐูŠู‡ ู„ุฌู‡ุฉ posterior

perforating arteries supply muscle of all three fascial compartments

๐ŸŒค๐ŸŒค๐Ÿ’งBranches:

-โ˜‚Lateral femoral circumflex artery

-โ˜‚ Medial femoral circumflex artery

-โ˜‚Four or three perforating branches

๐Ÿ”ทุชูุฑุนุงุชู‡ ู‡ูŠู‡ 3
ุงูˆู„ ุชูุฑุน ู„ุงุชุฑุงู„ circumflex artery
ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ู…ูŠุฏูŠุงู„ circumflex artery
ูˆุซุงู„ุซ ุชูุฑุน ู‡ูˆู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฐูƒุฑู†ุงู‡ ู‚ุจู„ ุดูˆูŠู‡3ุงูˆ 4 ูุฑูˆุน ุชุฑูˆุญ ู„ุฌู‡ุฉ ุงู„ุจูˆุณุชูŠุฑูŠุฑ ูˆุชุบุฐูŠู‡ุงโ›ˆโ˜ƒ๏ธ

ุขุฎุฑ ุดูŠ ูŠู†ุชู‡ูŠ ุงู„ profunda femoris artery
ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุฃุณูู„ ู…ู†ุชุตู ุงู„ thigh ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุชูุฑุนู‡ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงุฑุจุน ูุฑูˆุน ู„ุฌู‡ุฉ ุงู„ุจูˆุณุชูŠุฑูŠุฑ

#msk_s7
ูƒูŠู ูŠุชูˆู„ุฏ ุงู„ูƒูˆู„ุงุฌูŠู† ู†ูˆุน 1 ุจุฌุณู…ู†ุง ๐Ÿง๐Ÿ˜ฏ

ุชุฏุฑูˆู† ุงูƒูˆ ุฌูŠู† ุงุณู…ู‡ COL1A1 ๐Ÿ™

ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฌูŠู† ูŠู†ุชุฌู„ูŠ ู…ุฑูƒุจ ุงุณู…ู‡
Pro-alpha 1 chain

ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุฑูƒุจ ูŠูƒูˆู… ูŠุชุญุฏ ูˆูŠ Pro-alpha 1 chain ุซุงู†ูŠ

ู†ูˆุจ ูŠุชุญุฏู† ูˆูŠ ู…ุฑูƒุจ ุซุงู„ุซ ุงุณู…ู‡
Pro-alpha 2 chain

ู‡ุฐู† ุงู„ ูฃ ู…ุฑูƒุจุงุช ู…ู† ูŠุชุญุฏู† ุณูˆุง ุฑุญ ูŠุนุทู†ูŠ ุงู„ูƒูˆู„ุงุฌูŠู† ุชุงูŠุจ ูก ๐Ÿ™Š๐Ÿ™ˆ
((Collagen type 1 \ collagen type1 alpha 1))


ูˆู„ูˆ ุฑุฏู†ุง ู†ู„ุฎุต ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุงู„ูŠ ุฏูˆุฎูƒู… ูŠู…ูƒู† ุดูˆูŠุฉ ๐Ÿ˜‚ ูƒู„ู‡ ุจู…ุนุงุฏู„ุฉ ุชุจู‚ู‰ ุจุจุงู„ู†ุง ู…ุง ู†ู†ุณุงู‡ุง ๐Ÿ˜‰๐Ÿ˜Œ

ุงูˆู„ ุดูŠุก ู„ุงุฒู… ู†ุชุจุฑูƒ ุจุฐูƒุฑ ุฑุฆูŠุณ ุงู„ุนุตุงุจุฉ ู…ุงู„ ุงู„ู…ุฑูƒุจุงุช ๐Ÿ˜Œ ุงู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุญุถุฑุช ุงู„ุณูŠุฏ ุงู„ุฑุฆูŠุณ ุงู„ู…ุญุชุฑู… ุงู„ุฌูŠู†
COL1A1 ๐Ÿ‘ณ๐Ÿพ

ู‡ุฐู‡ ู†ุฐูƒุฑ ู…ุนุงุฏู„ุชู‡ู… ุงู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู…ู† ุชุฃู„ูŠูู†ุง ุญุชู‰ ู„ุง ู†ู†ุณู‰ ๐Ÿ˜‚๐Ÿ˜‚๐Ÿ˜

Pro-alpha 1 chain + Pro-alpha 1 chain + Pro-alpha 2 chain = Collagen type 1

#mod_s4
โค1
Creative Doctors ๐Ÿ–ค
ูƒูŠู ูŠุชูˆู„ุฏ ุงู„ูƒูˆู„ุงุฌูŠู† ู†ูˆุน 1 ุจุฌุณู…ู†ุง ๐Ÿง๐Ÿ˜ฏ ุชุฏุฑูˆู† ุงูƒูˆ ุฌูŠู† ุงุณู…ู‡ COL1A1 ๐Ÿ™ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฌูŠู† ูŠู†ุชุฌู„ูŠ ู…ุฑูƒุจ ุงุณู…ู‡ Pro-alpha 1 chain ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุฑูƒุจ ูŠูƒูˆู… ูŠุชุญุฏ ูˆูŠ Pro-alpha 1 chain ุซุงู†ูŠ ู†ูˆุจ ูŠุชุญุฏู† ูˆูŠ ู…ุฑูƒุจ ุซุงู„ุซ ุงุณู…ู‡ Pro-alpha 2 chain ู‡ุฐู† ุงู„ ูฃ ู…ุฑูƒุจุงุช ู…ู† ูŠุชุญุฏู† ุณูˆุง ุฑุญ ูŠุนุทู†ูŠ ุงู„ูƒูˆู„ุงุฌูŠู†โ€ฆ
ุงุญู… ุงุญู… ู†ูƒู…ู„ ุดุฑุญ ๐Ÿ˜Ž

ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ู‡ ุดูˆูŠ ู…ู‡ู…ู‡ ูŠู…ูƒู† ูŠุฌูŠุจูˆู‡ุง mcq
ูŠูƒู„ูƒ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฌูŠู† ุงุจูˆ ุนู…ุงู…ู‡ ๐Ÿ‘ณ๐Ÿพ ุงุฐุง ุตุงุฑุช ุจูŠ ุทูุฑู‡ ๐Ÿคช ู„ุง ุณุงู…ุญ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุชุฏุฑูŠ ุดู†ูˆ ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุŸ ๐Ÿ˜‚๐Ÿ˜‚๐Ÿ˜‚

ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนุฏู†ุง ูฃ ุญุงู„ุงุช ู…ุฑุถูŠุฉ ๐Ÿ˜ญ๐Ÿ˜ญ๐Ÿ’”
ูˆุงู„ูŠ ู‡ู† :

๐Ÿ Ehlers danlos syndrome

๐Ÿ•ท osteogenesis imperfecta

๐Ÿฆ‚ osteoporosis

ุญูุธูˆู‡ู† ุฎุงู ูŠุฌูŠุจูˆู‡ู† msq ุงูˆ ุชุนุฏุงุฏ ๐Ÿฆฆ

#Mod_s4
โค1
๐Ÿ”ฅ๐Ÿ”ฅHow do bone fractures heal?

๐Ÿ€๐Ÿ‚Answer // Formation of haematoma, followed by granulation tissue, then callus, woven bone and lamellar bone which is
gradually remodelled
ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุฎุชุตุฑ ู„ูƒู„ุงู… ู‡ูˆุงูŠ ุจุณู„ุงูŠุฏ 47 ูˆุฌูˆุง ๐Ÿ˜Œ๐Ÿ˜‚

ูŠุงุง ุณุงุฏู‡ ูŠุงุง ูƒุฑุงู… ู„ุง ุชู†ุณูˆู‡ ุงุฎูˆูƒู… โค๏ธ

#Mod_s4
in Saturday Night Palsy which nerve is affected?!๐Ÿค”
Anonymous Quiz
22%
Ulnar nerve
60%
Radial nerve
18%
Median nerve
Creative Doctors ๐Ÿ–ค
in Saturday Night Palsy which nerve is affected?!๐Ÿค”
THE TERM Saturday night palsy has become synonymous with radial nerve compression in the arm resulting from direct pressure against a firm object. It typically follows deep sleep on the arm, often after alcohol intoxication
Posterior thigh muscles are:
- ( 3 hamstrings + hamstring part of adductor magnus )
- short head of biceps femoris
ูƒู„ู‡ู† ูŠุบุฐูŠู‡ู† ุงู„ุณูŠุงุชูŠูƒ ู†ูŠุฑู
ูˆ ูƒู„ ุนุถู„ุงุช ุงู„lag ู‡ู… ุณูŠุงุชูŠูƒุŒ ุณูˆุงุก ุงู†ุชูŠุฑูŠูˆุฑ ุงูˆ ู„ุงุชุฑู„ ุงูˆ ุจูˆุณุชูŠุฑูŠูˆุฑ

ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุฑูŠุน ุญู„ูˆู‡ ๐ŸŒšโค๏ธ #msk
ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุช ุณุฑูŠุนู‡ ๐Ÿ˜๐Ÿ˜ูˆุญู„ูˆู‡
ุงูƒูŠุฏ ุงู†ุง ุงุญู„ู‰ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ๐Ÿคฃ๐Ÿคฃ
ุชุงุจุนูˆุง ูˆูŠุงูŠ

Erb's palsy ๐Ÿ‘‰brachial plexus injury [ upper trunk (C5-6 ) ]

Klumpke's paralysis ๐Ÿ‘‰ brachial plexus injury [ Lower trunk (C8 &T1) ]

Claw hand ๐Ÿ‘‰ laceration of Ulnar nerve at wrist joint

Wrist Drop ๐Ÿ‘‰ Radial nerve injury (result of dislocation of humerus at the shoulder joint or humerus fractures

Carpal Tunnel syndrome ๐Ÿ‘‰ compression of median nerve at carpal tunnel

ุจุณูŠุทู‡ ุจุณุฑุนู‡ ูŠู†ุญูุธูˆู† ๐Ÿ™‚๐Ÿ™‚

#msk_8
Menisci

๐Ÿ”ฅ๐Ÿ”ฅ
The medial and lateral menisci are fibrocartilage structures in the knee
that serve two function:

ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุฐุง ฺฏุงู„ ู‡ุงูŠู„ูŠู† ุณุชุฑูƒุฌุฑ ุงฺฏูˆู„ ุฎุทุฃ ุฎุทุฃ ๐Ÿ€๐Ÿ˜‚ ูุงูŠุจุฑูˆูƒุฑุชู„ุฌ ๐Ÿ˜Œโญ๏ธ

๐Ÿ‘Šโšฝ๏ธTo deepen the articular surface of the tibia, thus increasing stability of the joint
.
๐Ÿ‘Šโšฝ๏ธTo act as shock absorbers by increasing surface area to further dissipate forces.

๐Ÿ‚๐Ÿ‚They are C shaped and attached at both ends to the intercondylar area of the tibia.
In addition to the intercondylar attachment,

๐Ÿ€๐Ÿงถthe medial meniscus is fixed to the tibial collateral ligament and the joint capsule. Damage to the tibial collateral ligament usually results in a medial meniscal tear.

ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุฐุง ุตุงุฑ damage ุจุงู„collateral ligament ุฑุงุญ ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุชู…ุฒู‚ ุจุงู„meiscus ูˆูŠูƒูˆู„ูˆู† ุงู„ู…ูŠุฏูŠุงู„ ุงูƒุซุฑ ุดูŠ
๐Ÿ’ซ Anti- Coagulant Therapy ๐Ÿ’ซ

#Mod_s6

๐ŸŒน ุฑุงุญ ุงุญุฌูŠู„ูƒู… ุดูˆูŠ ุนู† ุงู„ูุฑูˆู‚ุงุช ุจูŠู† ุงู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ู‡ูŠุจุงุฑูŠู† Heparin ุงู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู…ุถุงุฏ ู„ู„ุฎุซุฑุฉ ๐ŸŒโœ”๏ธ


๐ŸŒน (1) Unfractionated hepatin [ UFH ]

โฌ…๏ธ ูŠู†ุชุฌ ุจุงู„ุฌุณู… ุจุดูƒู„ ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ู…ู† mast cell ูˆ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ุณุชุฎุฑุฌู‡ ูˆ ู†ู†ุทูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ู„ู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ.
โฌ…๏ธ ูˆุฒู†ู‡ / ุซู‚ูŠู„
โฌ…๏ธ ูŠุดุชุบู„/ mainly ุน Thrombin ุงู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ activated vactor II
โฌ…๏ธ ุงู„ุงูƒุดู† / ุณุฑูŠุน ู„ุฐุง ุงุณุชุนู…ู„ู‡ ุจุญุงู„ุฉ emergency ู…ู† ูŠุฌูŠู†ูŠ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจุงู„ุทูˆุงุฑุฆุŒ ุจุณ ู…ูุนูˆู„ู‡ ูŠุฎู„ุต ุจุณุฑุนุฉ๐Ÿฅบ ู„ุฐุง ุงุณุชุนู…ู„ู‡ daily
โฌ…๏ธ ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุงุนุทุงุฆู‡ / ุจุงู„ูˆุฑูŠุฏ Intravenous
โฌ…๏ธ ุงู„ monitoring / ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ู‚ูŠุงุณ APTT

*************************************

๐ŸŒน (2) Low molecular weight heparin [ LMWH ]

โฌ…๏ธ ูŠู†ุชุฌ ุตู†ุงุนูŠุงุŒ ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุชุนุฏูŠู„ ุนู„ู‰ UFH
โฌ…๏ธ ูˆุฒู†ู‡ / ุฃุฎู
โฌ…๏ธ ูŠุดุชุบู„/ mainly ุน factor Xa
โฌ…๏ธ ูŠุชุฃุฎุฑ ุดูˆูŠ ุนู„ู…ุง ูŠุดุชุบู„ ู„ุฐุง ู…ุง ูŠููŠุฏู†ูŠ ูƒู„ุด ุจ emergency ู„ุงู† ู‡ู†ุง ุญุงู„ุฉ ุทุงุฑุฆุฉ ูˆ ุงุญุชุงุฌู„ู‡ุง ุดูŠ ุณุฑูŠุนุŒ ุจุณ ู…ูุนูˆู„ู‡ ูŠุทูˆู„ ุงูƒุซุฑ ู„ุฐุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงุณุชุนู…ู„ู‡ ูƒู„ ูŠูˆู…ูŠู† ู‡ูŠุฌ ุดูŠ
โฌ…๏ธ ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุงุนุทุงุฆู‡ / ุชุญุช ุงู„ุฌู„ุฏ subcutaneous
โฌ…๏ธ ุงู„ monitoring / ููŠ ูˆู‚ุชู†ุง ุงู„ุญุงู„ูŠ ู…ุง ูŠุญุชุงุฌ ู†ุณูˆูŠู‡

โ–ช๏ธโ–ช๏ธโ–ช๏ธโ–ช๏ธโ–ช๏ธโ–ช๏ธโ–ช๏ธโ–ช๏ธโ–ช๏ธโ–ช๏ธโ–ช๏ธโ–ช๏ธโ–ช๏ธโ–ช๏ธโ–ช๏ธโ–ช๏ธโ–ช๏ธ

๐ŸŒฟ ูˆ ู‡ุณุฉ ุซู†ูŠู†ู‡ู† ูŠุดุชุฑูƒู† ุจุฎุตุงุฆุต ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ ูˆ ู‡ูŠ :

๐ŸŒฟ 1๏ธโƒฃ inhibition of activated factors ( IIa ุซุงู†ูŠ, Xa ุนุงุดุฑ,  IXa ุชุงุณุน, XIa ุงู„ุญุงุฏูŠ ุนุดุฑ, XIIa ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ุนุดุฑ)

๐Ÿ’ข ู„ูƒู† ู…ุซู„ ู…ุง ูƒู„ุช ุณุงุจู‚ุง ุงู„ UFH ุจุตูˆุฑุฉ mainly ุน Thromin ุงู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ factor IIa
ูˆ LMWH ุจุตูˆุฑุฉ mainly ุน factor Xa ๐Ÿ’ข


๐ŸŒฟ 2๏ธโƒฃ promote the release of tissue factor pathway inhibitors
ู‡ุฐู† ุงู„ูŠ ูŠุซุจุทู† ุงู„ุจุงุซูˆูŠ ู…ุงู„ ุงุชุญุงุฏ tissue factor + factor VIIa ๐Ÿฃ


๐ŸŒฟ 3๏ธโƒฃ complication or side effect of heparin
ุงุงุฐุง ุงู†ุทูŠุช ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ู‡ูŠุจุงุฑูŠู† ูˆ ูˆุฑุฉ 5 ุงูŠุงู… ุงุฌูŠุช ุงู‚ูŠุณ ู†ุณุจุฉ ุงู„ platelets ุจุงู„ุฏู… ูˆ ู„ูƒูŠุชู‡ุง ู†ุงุฒู„ุฉ ุงูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† 50% ๐Ÿ˜ฑ ู‡ู„ ุงู„ุดูŠ ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ุงู„ู‡ูŠุจุงุฑูŠู† ุงุซุฑ ุน ุนุฏุฏู‡ู†
ูˆ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุชุณู…ู‰Heparin-induced thromocytopenia

-Thrombocytopenia / means โ†˜๏ธ low platelets account 

ูˆ ุนู„ุงุฌ ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ/ ุฃูˆู‚ู ุงุนุทุงุก ุงู„ู‡ูŠุจุงุฑูŠู† โŒ๐Ÿ™‚
ุงู„ู…ู„ุงุญุธุงุช ุฐุงูƒุฑู‡ู† ุฏูƒุชูˆุฑ ุงุญุณุงู† ู…ุฑุฏุงู† ุถู…ู† ุดุฑุญู‡ ๐ŸŒš๐Ÿ”ฅ
ุตุญูŠุญ ุฃู† ุงู„ุตุจุฑ ุดุงู‚ู‘ ูˆู„ุง ุชุชุญู…ู‘ู„ู‡ู ูƒู„ ุงู„ู†ููˆุณุŒ ู„ูƒู† ุซู…ุฑุชู‡ ุญูŠู† ุชุฌูŠุก ู„ุฐูŠุฐุฉ ุฌุฏู‹ุงุŒ ุชูู†ุณููŠ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ูƒู„ ู…ุฑุงุฑุฉ ุฐุงู‚ู‡ุงุŒ ุญุชู‰ ุฃู†ู‡ ุญูŠู†ู‡ุง ู„ุง ูŠูƒุงุฏ ูŠุชุฐูƒู‘ุฑ ู…ุง ู…ูŽุฑู‘ ุจู‡ ู…ู† ุซูู‚ู„ ูˆุนูุจุกุŒ ุงุตุจุฑูˆุง ุญุชู‰ ุชุจู„ุบูˆุง ุขู…ุงู„ูƒู…ุŒ ุญุชู‰ ุชุนุงู†ู‚ูˆุง ุฃู…ู†ูŠุงุชูƒู…ุŒ ุญุชู‰ ุชุจุชุณู… ู„ูƒู… ุฃุญู„ุงู…ูƒู… ูˆุงู‚ูุนู‹ุง ู…ูุดุฑูู‚ู‹ุง

ุชุตุจุญูˆู† ุนู„ู‰ ุชุชู…ู†ูˆู† ๐Ÿ’›
The Doctors Are Never Happy

ู…ูˆ ุชุตุฏฺฏูˆู† ๐Ÿ˜‚๐Ÿ˜‚ ุฎู„ ุงูƒู„ู„ูƒู… ุดู†ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง

ุชู†ุฏู„ูˆู† medial malleolus ๐ŸŒš๐ŸŒš # ๐Ÿ–ค

ุชุนุฑููˆู† flexor retinaculum * ๐Ÿ’–


ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ูู„ูƒุณูˆุฑ ุฑูŠุชุงูƒูˆู„ู… ุงูƒูˆ ุฌูˆุงู‡ุง ุชุฑุงูƒูŠุจ ๐ŸŒš๐ŸŒš ุชุนุฑููˆู† ุดู†ูˆ ู‡ู†

ุงู„ุชุฑุงูƒูŠุจ ู‡ู†
ุงุฎุฐูˆุง ุงูˆู„ ุญุฑู ู…ู† ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ุงู„ูŠ ูƒุชุจุชู‡ู† ููˆูƒ ูˆ ุดูˆููˆุง
1 The ๐Ÿ‘‰ tibialis posterior ๐Ÿ’›
ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุชู†ุฏู† ู…ุงู„ุชู‡ุง ู…ูˆ ู‡ูŠ ๐Ÿ˜๐Ÿ˜

2 Doctors ๐Ÿ‘‰ flexor digitorum๐Ÿงก longus
ุงูŠุถุง ุงู„ุชู†ุฏู† ู…ุงู„ุชู‡ุง ูŠุนุจุฑ ุฌูˆุง ุงู„ูู„ูƒุณูˆุฑ ุฑุฏุชูŠูƒูˆู„ู…

3 Are ๐Ÿ‘‰ posterior tibial artery ๐Ÿ’š

4 Never ๐Ÿ‘‰ tibial nerve ๐Ÿ’™

5 Happy ๐Ÿ‘‰ flexor hallucis longus ๐Ÿ’œ

#msk_s11
Seminar

ุงู„ู‚ู„ูˆุจ ุชุฏู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆุงู† ุงู„ุงุณู‡ู… ๐ŸŒš ูˆ ุงู„ุฑู‚ู… ูŠุฏู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุฑู‚ู… ุงู„ุณู‡ู… ๐ŸŒš๐ŸŒš

ุนุฐุฑูˆู†ูŠ ุดูˆูŠ ุชูˆุชุฑ ูˆ ูƒุฐุง ๐Ÿ˜‚๐Ÿ˜‚๐Ÿ˜‚ ุงุนุฑุงุถ ู…ุง ู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ุงู…ุชุญุงู† ๐Ÿคฃ
ุจูŠุจ ุจูŠุจ
ู„ุง ุชุชุนุงุฑูƒูˆู† ุฏู†ูŠุง ู…ุง ุชุณูˆู‡

๐Ÿ˜‚๐Ÿ˜‚ุชุฏุฑูˆู† ู‡ุฐุง ู…ู†ูˆ ูŠุณูˆูŠ ู‡ูŠุฌ ูˆูŠุดุชุบู„ ุญุงุฌูˆุฒ ุจูŠู† ุทุฑููŠู†
ู‡ูˆ ๐ŸŒš๐ŸŒš

Perforating veins

ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงุญุฏ ุงู„ููŠู†ุฒ ุงู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏู‡ ุจุงู„ู„ูˆุฑ ู„ู…ุจ

ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑู‡ ุนู†
Communicating vessels between the superficial and deep veins

ู‡ุฐุง perforating ูŠุฑุจุท ุงู„ุฏูŠุจ ูˆ ุงู„ุณูˆุจุฑููŠุดูŠู„ ููŠู†ุฒ
ูŠุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰ valves
ูˆุธูŠูู‡ ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ุตู…ุงู…ุงุช ุดู†ูˆ ๐Ÿ™‚๐Ÿ™‚
Prevent the flow of blood from the deep to the superficial veins

ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูŠู…ู†ุน ุงู„ุฏู… ุงู„ูŠ ุจุงู„ุฏูŠุจ ุงู†ูˆ ูŠุฑูˆุญ ู„ู„ุณูˆุจุฑููŠุดูŠู„ ๐Ÿค“๐Ÿค“ ู„ูƒู† ูŠุณู…ุญ ู„ู„ุฏู… ุงู†ูˆ ูŠู†ุชู‚ู„ ู…ู† ุณูˆุจุฑููŠุดูŠู„ ู„ู„ุฏูŠุจ
ูŠุนู†ูŠ
Perforating veins have one way valves
ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุญุงุฌูˆุฒ ู…ุชุญูŠุฒ๐Ÿ˜ญ๐Ÿ˜‚๐Ÿ’”
ู„ุง ุชฺฏูˆู„ูˆู† ูˆูŠู† ุงู„ุฑุจุท ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุนุฑูƒู‡ ูˆ ูˆุธูŠูู‡ ุงู„ููŠู†ุฒ ุงู„ู…ู‡ู… ุงู„ููƒุฑู‡ ๐Ÿ˜‚๐Ÿ˜‚

#msk
The type of inferior tibiofibular joint is
Anonymous Quiz
20%
Cartilaginous joint
49%
Fibrous joint
20%
Synovial joint
11%
No one of above
Cell injury ๐Ÿ’” hypoxia

ุงูƒูˆ ู†ูˆุนูŠู†
1โƒฃ Reversible

ู„ุงู†ูˆ ู…ุง ูˆุตู„ ุงูˆูƒุณุฌูŠู† ู„ู„ุฎู„ูŠู‡ ูˆ ู„ุงูŠ ุณุจุจ ูƒุงู† ุฑุงุญ ูŠุตูŠุฑ ูู‚ุฏุงู† ุจ ATP
ุจู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ุญุงู„ู‡ ูˆู…ุงูƒูˆ ุทุงู‚ู‡ ุฑุงุญ ูŠุตูŠุฑ ูุดู„ ุจุนู…ู„
Na/K pump

ูˆู„ุงู†ูˆ ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒ Na ุฎุงุฑุฌ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠู‡ ุงูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠู‡
ุงู„ Na ุฑุงุญ ูŠุฏุฎู„ ู„ู„ุฎู„ูŠู‡ ุญุณุจ ุชุฏุฑุฌ ุงู„ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒ
ูˆู„ุงู†ูˆ ุฎูˆ ู…ู„ุญ ูˆ ุฏุฎู„ ุฑุงุญ ูŠฺ†ูŠุช ูˆุฑุงู‡ ุงู„ู…ุงุก
ูˆุงู„ู†ุชูŠุฌู‡
Cell swelling
ูˆุจุงู„ุงุถุงูู‡ ุฑุงุญ ูŠุฒุคุฏ ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒ Ca+2 ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠู‡

ูˆ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠู‡ ุฎูˆู…ุง ุชุจู‚ู‰ ู…ุนุฒู„ู‡ ู„ุงู† ู…ุงูƒูˆ ุงูˆูƒุณุฌูŠู† ุฑุงุญ ุชุฑูˆุญ ู„ู„ุงูŠุถ ุงู„ุงู‡ูˆุงุฆูŠ
Anaerobic metabolism
ูˆุงู„ู†ุชูŠุฌู‡ ุฒูŠุงุฏู‡ ู„ุงูƒุชูŠูƒ ุงุณุฏ ูˆุงู„ููˆุณูุงุช
Increase lactic acid and phosphate

ูˆู‡ุฐุง ูŠุคุฏูŠ ุงู„ู‰ ุชูƒุชู„ ุงู„ูƒุฑูˆู…ุงุชูŠุฏ ุงู„ู†ูˆูˆูŠ
Clumped nuclear chromatin

ูˆุงู„ู†ุชูŠุฌู‡ ู‡ูˆ ู†ู‚ุตุงู† ุชูƒูˆูŠู† ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู†ุงุช

Reduced protein synthesis

ูˆู„ุงู†ูˆ ู†ู‚ุตุช ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู†ุงุช ุฑุงุญ ูŠุชุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ุงูŠุถ
Altered metabolism
ุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ
Abnormal accumuliation

#Mod_s1