Creative Doctors ๐Ÿ–ค
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๐ŸŒฟ Notes :

๐Ÿ’› vasoconstrictor mechanisms are important for maintaining systemic vascular resistance [ TPR ] & AP
๐Ÿ’› like in stunding up or lossing blood after trauma .

๐Ÿ’™ whereas vasodilator mechanisms regulate blood ๏ฌ‚ow within organs
๐Ÿ’™ like in exercising muscle or eating food.

ุฎู„ูˆู‡ู† ุจุจุงู„ูƒู… ุญุชู‰ ู„ุง ุชู†ุณูˆู† ุดูˆูƒุช ูŠุตูŠุฑ ูƒูˆู†ุณุชุฑูƒุดู† ูˆ ุดูˆูƒุช ุฏุงูŠู„ูŠุดู† ุจ vessles ๐Ÿ˜ด
#CVS_S6 ๐Ÿ‘†๐Ÿป
Creative Doctors ๐Ÿ–ค
#cvs_s6 ๐Ÿ’ซ (( ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฑุงุจุนุฉ )) ๐Ÿ’ซ When we raise from lying to standing position (may cause postural or orthostatic hypotension) ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุฏูˆู… ุชุตูŠุฑ ูˆูŠุงู†ุง ู„ู…ู† ู†ูƒูˆู† ู†ุงูŠู…ูŠู† ูˆ ุจุณุน ู†ูˆูƒู ุน ุฑุฌู„ูŠู†ุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุณุจุจ ู‡ุจูˆุท ุงู„ุถุบุท ๐Ÿ˜ ูˆ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ุญุณ ุจุฏูˆุฎุฉ ๐Ÿฅด ูˆ ุฑุงุญ ู†ุนุฑู ุณุจุจู‡ุง ุดู†ูˆ ๐Ÿ‘‡๐Ÿปโ€ฆ
๐Ÿ’ข ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ุงุญุจ ุงุถูŠูู‡ุง ู‡ู†ุง ูˆู‡ูŠ:

If AP falls โฌ‡๏ธ by more than 20mmHg
ู‡ู†ุง ูŠู„ุง ูŠุตูŠุฑ
Postural or Orthostatic hypotension โฌ‡๏ธ
ูˆ ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ faint or loss of consciousness ูŠุฏูˆุฎ ุงู„ุดุฎุต ุงูˆ ูŠุบู…ู‰ ุนู„ูŠู‡๐Ÿฅบ ุฎู„ูˆู‡ุง ุจุจุงู„ูƒู… ุชููŠุฏ ุจุญูŠุงุชูƒู… ุงู„ูŠูˆู…ูŠุฉ .
โ™ฆ๏ธ ุนุฏู„ูˆุง ุงุฎุฑ ุดูŠ ูƒุงุชุจ TPR โฌ†๏ธ ูˆ ูŠู…ู‡ุง vasodilation ุณูˆูˆู‡ุง vasoconstriction ๐Ÿ™‚ ูˆ ุญุชู‰ ุญุงู„ุฉ 5 ู‡ู… ุจูŠู‡ุง ู‡ูŠุฌ ุจุงู„ุงุฎูŠุฑ ุนุฏู„ูˆู‡ ูŠู…ูƒู…๐Ÿ‘
#cvs_s6
ู…ู„ุงุญุถุงุช ุณุฑูŠุนู‡

The inferior part of the glenohumeral joint is the weakest area?๐Ÿค”

Beacuse this part not reinforced by the rotater cuff muscles
ูˆู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุฌูŠ ุจุบูŠุฑ ุตูŠุบู‡ ู„ูŠุด ุงูƒุซุฑ ุงู„ุฎู„ุน ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุจู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ู‡ ุงูˆ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูƒุงุงู…ุณูƒูŠูˆ ๐Ÿ™ƒ
______________________
Rotator cuff ๐Ÿ‘‡
Supraspinatous๐Ÿ‘‰suprascapular nerve ๐Ÿ‘‰abduct arm 0-15
Infraspinatous ๐Ÿ‘‰suprascapular nerve๐Ÿ‘‰laterally rotates arm
Supscapularis ๐Ÿ‘‰upper and lower subscapular nerve๐Ÿ‘‰medialy rotates arm
Teres minor๐Ÿ‘‰axillary nerve ๐Ÿ‘‰laterally rotates arm
_______________________
๐ŸŒŸSupraspinatous
Intiation of abduction 0-15

๐ŸŒŸDeltoid
Abduction 15-90

๐ŸŒŸTrapezius and sarratus anterior
above 90
ุงู‡ู†ุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุฌูŠ ุณุคุงู„ ุงู†ูˆ ู…ุงูŠูƒุฏุฑ ูŠุณูˆูŠ abduction ู…ุซู„ุง ู…ู† 0_15ูุงู†ุชู‡ ุฑุงุญ ุชุนุฑู ุงู„ุนุถู„ู‡ ุงู„ู…ุณุคูˆู„ู‡ ุนู† ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ุฏุฑุฌู‡ ู…ุงู„ุช ุงู„abduction ูˆู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุณุฃู„ูƒ ุนู† ุงู„ู†ูŠุฑู ุงู„ูŠ ูŠุบุฐูŠ ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ุนุถู„ู‡ ุงูˆ ุงู…ุณูƒูŠูˆ ๐Ÿ˜Œ๐Ÿค 
___________________
ุงู„ู†ูŠุฑู ุงู„ูŠ ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุจูŠ injury ุงุฐุง ุตุงุฑ ุนู†ุฏูŠ shoulder dislocation ุงูˆ ูƒุณุฑ ุจู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ู‡ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„axillary injury

Axillary nerve injury is indicated by:โ€“

-Paralysis of the deltoid muscle with loss of abduction ูˆุงูŠุถุง ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุจูŠู‡ุงatrophy

-Loss of sensation in a small area of the skin(regimental badge area)over the central part of the deltoid. ุงู…ุง ุจู„ู†ุณุจู‡ ู„ู„sensory ุจู„upper lateral aspect of the arm
ูˆู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ู‡ ุงู„ู‡ู‡ ุชุณู…ูŠู‡ ูˆู‡ูŠู‡ regimental badge area ุฑู‚ุนุฉ ุงู„ุนุฑูŠู ๐Ÿ˜Ž๐Ÿ‘จโ€โœˆ๏ธ
regimental badge area
ุงู‡ู†ุง ุจู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ู‡ ุฑุงุญ ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏูŠ
loss of sensation
ุงุฐุง ุฌุงู† ุนู†ุฏูŠ injury of axillary nerve
Creative Doctors ๐Ÿ–ค
regimental badge area ุงู‡ู†ุง ุจู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ู‡ ุฑุงุญ ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏูŠ loss of sensation ุงุฐุง ุฌุงู† ุนู†ุฏูŠ injury of axillary nerve
๐Ÿ›‘ ุงุชุฎูŠู„ ูˆูŠุงูŠ ุงู„ูƒูŠุณ /
ุงุฌุงูƒ ู…ุฑูŠุถ ู„ู„ุทูˆุงุฑุฆ ุฌุงู† ูˆุงฺฏุน ุน ุงู„ุงุฑุถ ูˆ ูŠุตุฑุฎ ู…ู† ุงู„ู… ุจุงุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ arm ๐Ÿฅบ ูุชุฌูŠ ุงู†ุช ูƒ ุทุจูŠุจ ุชุณูˆูŠู„ู‡ x-ray ูˆ ุชู„ฺฏู‡ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ูƒุณุฑ ุจู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ surgical neck๐Ÿ˜ฅ (ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุงู†ุช ุชุนุฑูู‡ุง ูŠู…ุฑ ุจูŠู‡ุง axillary nerve)

๐Ÿ›‘ูุชุฑูŠุฏ ุชุชุฃูƒุฏ ู‡ู„ ุงู„ุนุตุจ ู†ุฌุฑุญ ุงูˆ ู„ุง ๐Ÿ˜ญ ูˆ ุนู†ุฏูƒ ุฎูŠุงุฑูŠู† :

1โƒฃ ุชูุญุต ุงูƒุดู† ุนุถู„ุฉ ุงู„ Deltoid ุงู„ูŠ ูŠุบุฐูŠู‡ุง Axillary nerveูˆ ุงู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
Abduction of shoulder joint 15-90ยฐ
ู‡ุฐุง ุงู‡ู… ุงูƒุดู† ู„ู‡ู„ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ุญุชู‰ ุงุนุฑู ุงุตุงุจุฉ ุงู„ุงูƒุฒู„ุฑูŠ ู†ูŠุฑู
ู„ุงู† ุจู‚ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุงุช ุงู„ูŠ ุชุณูˆูŠู‡ู† ุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ู…ู† flexion & extension ุงูƒูˆ ุนุถู„ุงุช ุบูŠุฑู‡ุง ุงู‚ูˆู‰ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุชุณูˆูŠู‡ู† ูู…ุง ุฑุงุญ ุงุณุชูุงุฏ ู…ู† ู‡ู„ ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุชูŠู† ุจู…ุนุฑูุฉ ุงู† ุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ู…ุดู„ูˆู„ุฉ ุงูˆ ู„ุงุŒ ู„ุงู† ู‡ูŠ ุฏูˆุฑู‡ุง ุจูŠู‡ู† ุซุงู†ูˆูŠ ๐Ÿ‘๐Ÿป

ู ุงูƒูˆู„ ู„ู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ุงูˆูƒู๐Ÿงโ€โ™‚ูˆ ุงุฑูุน ุงูŠุฏูƒ ูˆ ุงู†ุง ุงุณูˆูŠ ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ูŠุณูˆูŠ ู†ูุณูŠ๐Ÿคญ ุงุฐุง ุดูุชู‡ ู…ุง ูƒุฏุฑ ูŠุฑูุน ุงูŠุฏู‡ ููˆู‚ ุงู„ 15 ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุฑุงุญ ุงุนุฑู ุงู† ุนุถู„ุฉ ุงู„ Deltoid ุงู†ุดู„ุช ูˆ ุงู† ุงู„ุงู„ูƒุฒู„ุฑูŠ ู†ูŠุฑู ู…ุชุถุฑุฑ

โŽ ูˆ ูˆุฑุฉ ู‡ู„ ุงู„ุญุฌูŠ ูƒู„ู‡... ุงุญุจ ุงูƒู„ู„ูƒู… ุงู† ุงุญู†ุง ู…ุฑุงุญ ู†ุณูˆูŠ ู‡ู„ ุงู„ุฎุทูˆุฉ ๐Ÿคฃ ูˆ ู„ุง ุฑุงุญ ู†ูƒูˆู„ ู„ู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ูŠุฑูุน ุงูŠุฏู‡ ูˆ ู†ูุญุต ุงู„ุงูƒุดู†ุŒ ู„ุงู† ู‡ูˆ ุงุตู„ุง ุนู†ุฏู‡ ูƒุณุฑ ูˆ ุงุฐุง ุฑูุน ุงูŠุฏู‡ ูŠุชูˆุฌุน ูƒูˆู„ู„ุด ๐Ÿฅบ ู ุงู†ุง ู…ุง ุงุฑูŠุฏ ุฃุงุฐูŠ ู…ุฑูŠุถูŠ (ุงุฐุง ุงู†ุฌุฑุญ ุงู„ู†ูŠุฑู ุจุณุจุจ ุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ูƒุณุฑ ูˆ ู…ุง ูƒุงู† ุงูƒูˆ ุงุญุชู…ุงู„ ุงู† ุงุงุฐูŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ูู…ู…ูƒู† ุงุณูˆูŠ ู‡ู„ ุงู„ุฎุทูˆุฉ)

๐Ÿ›‘ ูุงู†ุชู‚ู„ ู„ู„ุฎุทูˆุฉ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ูˆ ุงู„ูŠ ุชูƒูˆู† ุงุจุณุท ูˆ ุงุณู‡ู„๐Ÿ‘‡๐Ÿป

2โƒฃ ุงูุญุต ุงู„ loss of sensation ุจุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฐูƒูˆุฑุฉ ุจุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุจุงู„ุงุนู„ู‰๐Ÿ‘†๐Ÿป ุงุฌูŠุจ ู…ุซู„ุง ุฏุจูˆุณ ุงูˆ ุจุฃุจุฑุฉ ูˆ ุงฺ†ูƒ ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ฺ†ูƒุงุช ุฎููŠูุฉ ุจู‡ู„ ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ.. ุฑุงุญ ุงุดูˆูู‡ ู…ุง ูŠุญุณ ุจุงู„ู…ุŒ ูˆ ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ู…ุชุฎุฏุฑุฉ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ูุงุนุฑู ุงู† ุงู„ุงูƒุฒู„ุฑูŠ ู†ูŠุฑู ู…ุชุถุฑุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ูƒุณุฑ โœ…
ูƒู„ูŠู†ูŠูƒุงู„ ๐Ÿ˜ƒ๐Ÿ‘†๐Ÿป
#MSK_S3
#MSK_S4

๐Ÿ’ฅThe cubital fossa;The cubital fossa is an area of transition between the anatomical arm and the forearm. It is located as a depression on the anterior surface of the elbow joint.

๐ŸŒŸBorders
The cubital fossa is triangular in shape, and thus has three borders:

Lateral border โ€“ medial border of the brachioradialis muscle.
Medial border โ€“ lateral border of the pronator teres muscle.
Superior border โ€“ hypothetical line between the epicondyles of the humerus.
The floor_ of the cubital fossa is formed proximally by the brachialis, and distally by the supinator muscle.
The roof _consists of skin and fascia, and is reinforced by the bicipital aponeurosis.
The contents of the cubital fossa include vessels, nerves and the biceps tendon (lateral to medial):

_Radial nerve
_Biceps tendon
_Brachial artery
_Median nerve
In full extension the ulna makes an angle of about 170 ยฐ with the long axis of the humerus. This is termed the carrying angle and is more acute in women ( โ™ ๏ธ due to the wider hip bones .
ุนุธู… ุงู„ุญูˆุถ ู„ู„ู†ุณุงุก ุงุนุฑุถ.. ููŠุฒูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุณุงูุฉ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ูŠุฏูŠู† ูˆ ุงู„ุฌุณู… ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ูˆู‚ูˆู ุจูˆุถุนูŠุฉ anatomical position ๐Ÿงโ€โ™€)

ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุฌูŠ ุงู…ุณูƒูŠูˆ ๐Ÿค“๐ŸŒš

Cubitus varus: A deformity of the elbow resulting in a decreased carrying angle There is deviation of the forearm toward the midline of the body. ุงู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ุฒุงูˆูŠู‡ ุฑุงุญ ุชู‚ู„ ูˆุชูƒูˆู† ุงูŠุฏู†ุง โœ‹๐Ÿปุงู‚ุฑุจ ุงู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฌุณู…

Cubitus valgus: A deformity of the elbow resulting in an increased carrying angle, the forearm and hand are held at greater than 15 degrees). ุงู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ุฒุงูˆูŠู‡ ุฑุงุญ ุชุฒูŠุฏ ูˆุชูƒูˆู† ุงูŠุฏู†ุงโœ‹๐Ÿป ุงุจุนุฏ ุนู† ุงู„ุฌุณู…
#MSK_S5 ๐Ÿ‘†๐Ÿป
๐Ÿ’ซcell involved in chronic inflammation

โค๏ธ-microphage:--- domint cell

ุงู„ู…ุงูŠูƒุฑูˆููŠุฌ ูŠุฌูŠ ู…ู† monocyte
ุชูˆุฌุฏ macrophage ููŠ ุงู„ุนุฏูŠุฏ ู…ู† organูˆูƒู„ ุงูˆุฑูƒุงู† ุงู„ู‡ุง ุงุณู… ุจูŠู‡ ๐Ÿ‚

๐ŸŒ™spleen+lymph nodโžก๏ธsinus histeocytes

๐ŸŒ™CNSโžก๏ธmicroglial cell

๐ŸŒ™liverโžก๏ธkuffer cell

๐ŸŒ™lungโžก๏ธalveolar macrophage

๐ŸŒ™boneโžก๏ธosteoclast


function of macrophage

๐ŸŒน-phagocytosis

๐ŸŒน-display antigen to T lymphocyte

๐ŸŒน-inities tissue repair

๐ŸŒน-secret inflammator mediator such as cytokines(TNF/IL)

#mod_s3
๐Ÿฃcompostion of granuloma

1-epitheloid cell
2-multinucleat giant cell
3-lymphoid cell
4-nicrosis&fibrosis

๐ŸŒธ๐Ÿ€cause of granuloma

1-unknown etiology
โžก๏ธsarcoidosis
โžก๏ธde nova granuloma

๐ŸŒธ๐Ÿ€2-immune-mediated disease

โžก๏ธchronic disease
โžก๏ธrheumatoid disease
โžก๏ธulcerative colits

๐ŸŒธ๐Ÿ€3-response to foreign body

๐ŸŒธ๐Ÿ€4-persistent T cell response to microbe

#mod_s3
ุชุนุงู„ูˆุง ุดูˆูŠู‡ ูˆูŠุงูŠ ูˆุฑูƒุฒูˆุง ุทุจุนุง ูƒู„ุด ุจุณูŠุท ุชุดุฑูŠุญ ุจุณ ู…ุดูƒู„ู‡ ุงู„ู†ุณูŠุงู† ุนู„ุงุฌู‡ ุงูŠุด ุงู†ูˆ ุชูƒุฑุฑ ูˆุชุฑุณู… ู…ุฎุทุท ุจุณูŠุท ู„ู„ูŠ ุญูุธุชู‡ ูŠู„ุง โค๏ธ๐Ÿ‘Š๐Ÿ‘๐Ÿ‘‡๐Ÿป๐Ÿ‘‡๐Ÿป
๐ŸงถThe carpal tunnel is a narrow passageway found on the anterior portion of the wrist. It serves as the entrance to the palm for several tendons and the median nerve.


ู‡ุฐุง tunnel ููŠ ู…ุฏุฎู„ ุงู„palmุชู…ุงู… โค๏ธุฑุงุญ ุชุดูˆููˆู† ุงู„ุณู‚ู ู…ุงู„ุชู‡ ู…ู†ูˆ ูˆุงู„base ู…ู†ูˆ ุชุงุจุนูˆุง ูˆูŠุงูŠ ุงูŠุถุง ู†ุดูˆู ุงู„contentู…ุงู„ุช ู‡ุฐุง tunnel


Borders
The carpal tunnel is formed by two layers: a deep carpal arch and a
superficial flexor retinaculum.

๐Ÿ’๐Ÿ€Carpal arch๐Ÿ€

Concave on the palmar side, forming the base and sides of the carpal tunnel.
Formed laterally by the scaphoid and trapezium tubercles
Formed medially by the hook of the hamate and the pisiform

ุงุฐู† ุงู„base ู…ุงู„ุช carpal tunnel ู‡ูˆ carpal arch


๐Ÿ’๐Ÿ€Flexor Retinaculum๐Ÿ€
Thick connective tissue which forms the roof of the carpal tunnel.
ู‡ูˆ ูƒูˆู†ูƒุชู ุชุดูŠูˆ ุฑุงุญ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุณู‚ู ู…ุงู„ุช carpal tunnel

๐Ÿ’๐Ÿ€Contents๐Ÿ€
The carpal tunnel contains a total of 9 tendons, surrounded by synovial sheaths, and the median nerve.


๐ŸŒŸThe 8 tendons of the flexor digitorum profundus and flexor digitorum superficialis are surrounded by a single synovial sheath. The tendon of flexor pollicis longus is surrounded by its own synovial sheath.
ู‡ู†ุง FDPูˆุงู„FDS ุงู„ู‡ู… ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุดูŠุซ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงูˆูƒ ๐Ÿ‘๐ŸŒนุจูŠู†ู…ุง ุงู… policies ู„ูˆุญุฏู‡ุง ุดูŠุซ

ุงู†ุชุจู‡ูˆุง ู„ูˆุธูŠูู‡ ุดูŠุซ
These sheaths allow free movement of the tendonsโšฝ๏ธ.๐Ÿงถ

ู…ู„ุงุญุธู‡ ุงุฎูŠุฑู‡ ุงู†ุชุจู‡ูˆุง ูƒู„ุด ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุงุญูŠุงู† ูŠู‚ูˆู„ูˆู† ู…ุงุฐุงุŒ ูŠู‚ูˆู„ูˆู† ๐Ÿ™ƒ
ุงู†ู‡ tendon ู…ุงู„ุช ุนุถู„ู‡ flexor carpi radials ุถู…ู† ู‡ุฐุง tunnel
ู„ูƒู† ู‡ุฐุง ุบูŠุฑ ุตุญูŠุญ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู…ุง ูˆุถุญู‡ุง ุนู„ู…ุงุก ุชุดุฑูŠุญ ุงุฎุฑูˆู† ููŠู…ุง ุจุนุฏ ุงู†ุชุจู‡ูˆุง ๐Ÿ‘‡๐Ÿป๐Ÿ‘‡๐Ÿป

the flexor carpi radialis tendon, but this is located within the flexor retinaculum and not within the carpal tunnel itself!

#Msk_s5
ุชูƒู…ู„ู‡ ู„ู„ูŠ ููˆู‚ ุงูˆูƒ

โญ๏ธMedian Nerve

ุฎู„ ู†ุดูˆู ุงู‚ุณุงู…ู‡ ุฎู„ุงู„ ๐Ÿ”ฅcarpal tunnel ๐Ÿ”ฅุงู†ุชุจู‡ูˆุง ูู‚ุท ุจุงู„carpal ูƒู„ุงู…ูŠ ู‡ู†ุงุงุงโค๏ธ

Once it passes through the carpal tunnel, the median nerve divides into 2 branches:

1-๐Ÿงถthe recurrent branch
2-๐Ÿงถpalmar digital nerves.

๐Ÿ€*The palmar digital nerves give sensory innervation to the palmar skin and
dorsal nail beds of the lateral three and a half digits. 

*They also provide motor innervation to the lateral two lumbricals.

๐Ÿ€The recurrent branch supplies the thenar muscle group.

ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุณุฉ ุนุถู„ุงุช ุงู„hand..
** ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุงู„ lumbricals ุซู†ูŠู† ู…ู†ู‡ู† ุฃุฎุฐู† ู…ู† palmar digital nerve
** ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ thenar ุงุฎุฐู† ู…ู† ู…ู† recurrent ๐Ÿฅฐ

#Msk_s5
( carpal tunnel syndrome )

๐Ÿ‚โค๏ธุงู„ุนุตุจ ุงู„ูŠ ูŠู…ุฑ ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ู†ูู‚ ุงู„ุฑุณุบูŠ ( carpal tunnel ) ุชุญุช flexor retinaculum ู…ุน flexor tendons ู‡ูˆ median nerve

ูู…ุฑุงุช ุชุถุบุท ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ุงูˆุชุงุฑ ุน ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุนุตุจ ูˆุชุชุนุงู„ุฌ ุจุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ูŠุจุนุฏูˆู† ุจูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุงูˆุชุงุฑ ุนู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุนุตุจ

ุชุณู…ู‰ ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ู…ุชู„ุงุฒู…ุฉ ุงู„ู†ูู‚_ุงู„ุฑุณุบูŠ ( carpal tunnel syndrome )

๐Ÿ„ุดู„ูˆู† ุงุญู†ุง ู†ูุนุฑู ุตุงุฑุช ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ู…ุชู„ุงุฒู…ู‡ ุงูˆ ุงู„ุทุจูŠุจ ุดู„ูˆู† ูŠุนุฑูุŸ

๐ŸŒœ๐ŸŒžุงู„ุทุจูŠุจ ูŠุนุฑู ุงู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุนุตุจ ุงู†ุถุบุท ุงุฐุง ุตุงุฑ ุถู…ูˆุฑ ุจุงู„ุนุถู„ุงุช ุงู„ูŠ ูŠุบุฐูŠู‡ุง ุงูˆ ุฎุฏุฑ ุงูˆ ุชู†ู…ูŠู„ ุจุฌู„ุฏ ุงู„ุงุตุงุจุน ุงู„ูŠ ูŠุบุฐูŠู‡ุง ุจ
the palmar skin and dorsal nail beds of the lateral three and a half digits. 

๐Ÿ›‘ู…ู„ุงุญุธุฉ/ ู…ุง ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุฎุฏุฑ ุงูˆ ุชู†ู…ูŠู„ ุจุฌู„ุฏ ุงู„ palm ู„ุงู† ูŠุบุฐูŠู‡ palmar branch of median nerve ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูุฑุน ูŠุทู„ุน ู…ู† median nerve ู‚ุจู„ ู„ุง ูŠุฏุฎู„ ู„ู„ู†ูู‚ ูู…ุง ุฑุงุญ ูŠุชุฃุฐู‡ ู„ุงู† ูŠู…ุฑ ููˆู‚ ุงู„ู†ูู‚ ุญุชู‰ ูŠุบุฐูŠ ุฌู„ุฏ ุงู„ palm

๐Ÿ”ฅ๐Ÿ”ฅุงูŠ ุตุฏูƒ ุงู†ุชุจู‡ูˆุง ุญุจุงูŠุจ ุงู„palmar branch ู…ุงู„ุช ุงู„median ู†ูŠุฑู ูŠุทู„ุน ู‚ุจู„ ู„ุง ูŠุฏุฎู„
ุงู„ู…ูŠุฏูŠู† ู†ูŠุฑู ุงู„tunnel
Treatment
involves the use of

๐Ÿ‚a splint, 

, ๐Ÿ‚corticosteroid injections into the carpal tunnel.

๐Ÿ‚In severe case, surgical decompression .


#Msk_s5
ุณุคุงู„ ู…ู‡ู… ๐Ÿง๐Ÿ‘‡ุŒ ู…ู† ุงู„ุจูˆุช ๐Ÿ’š

why we give sometime intibiotic to peptic ulcer patient?


A/ We give him an antibiotic because peptic ulcer is caused by bacterial infection

ุงู„ุจูƒุชุฑูŠุง ุงู„ูŠ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง helicobacteria pylori

ูˆู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ุจูƒุชุฑูŠุง ุฑุงุญ ุณูˆูŠ break of lining of mucosa of stomach or duodenum

ุฎู„ูŠ ุน ุจุงู„ูƒู… ุงูŠ ุดุฎุต ุงู†ุทูŠู‡ antibiotic ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ุง ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุจูƒุชุฑูŠุง ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุงู†ุชูŠ ูŠู‚ุชู„ู‡ุง โค๏ธ

#mod_s3
A fracture which traverses the distal radius is known as a colleโ€™s fracture and is the commonest type of fracture in old person ุงู†ุชุจู‡ูˆ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุฌูŠ ุงู…ุณูƒูŠูˆ ุงูƒุซุฑ ูƒุณุฑ ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุจู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ูƒุจุงุฑ ุจู„ุนู…ุฑ๐Ÿ‘จ๐Ÿปโ€๐Ÿฆณ๐Ÿค• ุดู†ูˆ ู‡ูˆ

ุฎู„ูŠ ู†ุดูˆู ุดู„ูˆู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒุณุฑ ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุŸุŸุŸ๐Ÿ•ต๏ธโ€โ™‚๏ธ๐Ÿค•

-fractured of distal radius
-fall on outstreched ูŠุนู†ูŠ dorsally flexed
-elderly
-There is a classic deformity known as fork dinner which is produced by the posterior displacement of the distal radial fragment. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ุงูŠุฏ ุชุตูŠุฑ ู…ุซู„ ุงู„ุดูˆูƒู‡ ู…ุงู„ุช ุงู„ุงูƒู„


ุฎู„ูŠ ู†ุดูˆู ุงู„ูƒูŠุณ ุดู„ูˆู† ูŠุฌูŠู†ู‡ ๐ŸŒš๐Ÿค“ุŸ
ูƒู„ูƒ ู…ุซู„ุง ุงุฌุงูƒ ู…ุฑูŠุถ (ุงุจูˆุณุนุฏูˆู† )ุนู…ุฑู‡ 55ูˆูŠุดูƒู„ูŠูƒ ู…ู† ุงูŠุฏู‡ ูˆุงู„ูˆุฌุน ุตุงูŠุฑ ูŠู… ุงู„ุฑุณุบ ูˆุชู†ู…ู„ ุฌุงู† ูŠุณูˆูŠ ุฑูŠุงุถู‡ ๐Ÿƒ๐Ÿปโ€โ™‚๏ธ๐Ÿƒ๐Ÿปโ€โ™‚๏ธูˆูƒุน ุนู„ู‰ ุงูŠุฏู‡ ูˆูƒู„ูƒ ุจู„ูƒูŠุณ ุงู„ูˆูƒุนู‡ ุฌุงู†ุช dorsally flexed ุŸ

ุฑุงุญ ูŠุณุฃู„ูƒ ูŠุงุนุธู… ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ูƒุณุฑ ูˆุดู†ูˆ ู†ุณู…ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒุณุฑ ูˆุดูƒู„ ุงู„ุงูŠุฏ ุงู‡ู†ุง ุดู„ูˆู† ุฑุงุญ ุชูƒูˆู† ๐Ÿ™‚ุŸุŸุŸ