📌 *TODAY'S LESSON: Direct & Indirect Speech — ቀጥተኛ እና ቀጥተኛ ያልሆነ ዘገባ*

📖 *ትምህርት:* Direct = ቃሉ ቀጥታ ሲጠቀስ። Indirect = ቃሉ ተቀይሮ ሲቀርብ።

🧮 *ቀመር:* `Direct: He said, 'I am tired.' → Indirect: He said (that) he was tired.`

✅ *ምሳሌ:* am→was | will→would | can→could | today→that day | tomorrow→the next day

📝 *የቀን ጥያቄ:* "She said, 'I will come tomorrow.'" — indirect speech ን ጻፉ።

🔗 *ቪድዮ ለመመልከት:* https://youtu.be/zDYKOtsIZLQ

💡 *አጭር ማጠቃለያ:* Reporting verb ካለፈ ጊዜ ሆነ ሁሉ ቃሉ ወደ ያለፈ ጊዜ ይቀያየራሉ — backshift ይባላል።

📞 ለግል አሰልጣኝ: +251 938 587 508 | @committed12
@YWTutorial

📌 TODAY'S LESSON: Noun ምንድን ናዉ? — ሁሉም አይነቶቹ

📖 ትምህርት: Noun ማለት ሰዎችን፣ ቦታዎችን፣ ነገሮችን ወይም ሀሳቦችን የሚሰይም ቃል ነዉ።

🧮 ቀመር: Proper | Common | Collective | Abstract | Countable | Uncountable

✅ ምሳሌ: Ethiopia(proper) | city(common) | team(collective) | love(abstract)

📝 የቀን ጥያቄ: 'Happiness' — ምን አይነት noun ነዉ?

🔗 ቪድዮ ለመመልከት: https://youtu.be/hgYTGl2OCbk

💡 አጭር ማጠቃለያ: Nouns ስራቸዉ subject ወይም object ሆኖ መቆም ነዉ። አይነቶቻቸዉን ማወቅ article ን ትክክል ለመጠቀም ይረዳል።

📞 ለግል አሰልጣኝ: +251 938 587 508 | @committed12
@YWTutorial

📌 TODAY'S LESSON: Pronouns — ተዉላጠ ስሞች ሁሉ

📖 ትምህርት: Pronouns ስምን ተክተዉ ይጠቀሳሉ። አይነቶቻቸዉ subject/object/possessive ይባላሉ።

🧮 ቀመር: Subject: I,he,she | Object: me,him,her | Possessive pronoun: mine,his,hers

✅ ምሳሌ: She is a teacher. I love her. That book is mine.

📝 የቀን ጥያቄ: "__ is a good student. Everyone loves __." ምን ይሞላሉ? (He / him)

🔗 ቪድዮ ለመመልከት: https://youtu.be/oVedlI86EXg

💡 አጭር ማጠቃለያ: Subject ድርጊቱን ያደርጋል፣ Object ድርጊቱ ይፈፀምበታል፣ Possessive ባለቤትነት ያሳያል።

📞 ለግል አሰልጣኝ: +251 938 587 508 | @committed12
@YWTutorial

📌 TODAY'S LESSON: Adjectives — ስም ገላጭ ቃላት ሁሉ

📖 ትምህርት: Adjectives ስምን ይገልፃሉ። አይነቶቻቸዉ ባህርይን፣ ብዛትን፣ ባለቤትነትን ያሳያሉ።

🧮 ቀመር: Descriptive | Quantitative | Comparative (+er/more) | Superlative (+est/most)

✅ ምሳሌ: beautiful girl | three books | She is taller | She is the tallest

📝 የቀን ጥያቄ: "This is the ___ (good) day of my life." superlative ምን ይሆናል?

🔗 ቪድዮ ለመመልከት: https://youtu.be/iclo91xE8P8

💡 አጭር ማጠቃለያ: Short adjectives: -er/-est ይወስዳሉ። Long adjectives: more/most ያስፈልጋቸዋል።

📞 ለግል አሰልጣኝ: +251 938 587 508 | @committed12
@YWTutorial

📌 TODAY'S LESSON: Adverbs — የድርጊት ገላጭ ቃላት

📖 ትምህርት: Adverbs ድርጊቱ እንዴት/የት/መቼ/ምን ያህል እንደተፈፀመ ያሳያሉ።

🧮 ቀመር: Manner(how?) | Place(where?) | Time(when?) | Frequency(how often?) | Degree(how much?)

✅ ምሳሌ: She sings beautifully. | He is very tired. | She always studies.

📝 የቀን ጥያቄ: 'She ___ (frequent) visits her grandmother.' — adverb ምን ይሆናል?

🔗 ቪድዮ ለመመልከት: https://youtu.be/X2QGY1rknPg

💡 አጭር ማጠቃለያ: Adverbs ድርጊቱን፣ adjective ን ወይም ሌላ adverb ን ይገልፃሉ። ብዙ ጊዜ -ly ይወስዳሉ።

📞 ለግል አሰልጣኝ: +251 938 587 508 | @committed12
@YWTutorial

📌 TODAY'S LESSON: Prepositions — ቅድመ ሁኔታ ቃላት

📖 ትምህርት: Prepositions ቦታን፣ ጊዜን፣ አቅጣጫን፣ ምክንያትን ያሳያሉ።

🧮 ቀመር: Place: in/on/under | Time: at/on/in | Direction: to/from/towards

✅ ምሳሌ: The book is on the table. | I wake up at 6. | She walked towards school.

📝 የቀን ጥያቄ: "He came __ Addis Ababa __ 2023." ምን ይሞላሉ? (from / in)

🔗 ቪድዮ ለመመልከት: https://youtu.be/wG2bbgBcrLI

💡 አጭር ማጠቃለያ: Prepositions ሁልጊዜ noun ወይም pronoun ቀጥሎ ይጠቅሳሉ። ቦታዉን በፊት ምን ይሆናል ብለዉ ያስቡ።

📞 ለግል አሰልጣኝ: +251 938 587 508 | @committed12
@YWTutorial

📌 TODAY'S LESSON: Conjunctions — ቃላትን እና ዓረፍተ ነገሮችን የሚያያይዙ

📖 ትምህርት: Conjunctions ሁለት ሀሳቦችን ያቆራኛሉ። ዓይነቶቻቸዉ coordinating, subordinating, correlative ናቸዉ።

🧮 ቀመር: Coordinating: and/but/or/so/yet | Subordinating: because/although/if/when/while

✅ ምሳሌ: I studied but I failed. | She passed because she worked hard.

📝 የቀን ጥያቄ: "I wanted to go, ___ it was raining." ምን ይሞላሉ? (but/so/because)

🔗 ቪድዮ ለመመልከት: https://youtu.be/Y8zRuS-qkXQ?si=Y7sAmGra5c3qOYXw

💡 አጭር ማጠቃለያ: Conjunction ሁለት ሀሳቦችን ያቆራኛሉ። ምክንያት=because | ተቃርኖ=but | ምርጫ=or ።

📞 ለግል አሰልጣኝ: +251 938 587 508 | @committed12
@YWTutorial

📌 TODAY'S LESSON: Modal Verbs — ረዳት ግሶቹ ሁሉ

📖 ትምህርት: Modal verbs ፍቃድ፣ ችሎታ፣ ግዴታ፣ ምናልባት ወዘተ ያሳያሉ። ቀጥሎ V1 ብቻ ይጠቀሙ።

🧮 ቀመር: Modal + V1 (never add s/ed/ing to V1 after modal)

✅ ምሳሌ: can(ችሎታ) | must(ግዴታ) | should(ምክር) | might(ምናልባት) | will(ወደፊት)

📝 የቀን ጥያቄ: "You ___ study hard to pass." — ምን modal ትጠቀማላችሁ? (should/must)

🔗 ቪድዮ ለመመልከት: ቪድዮ፦https://youtu.be/OCcK16neW7k?si=zaa3U4XsTSQ1i8id

💡 አጭር ማጠቃለያ: Modal ቀጥሎ ሁልጊዜ V1 ብቻ። ፈፅሞ s/es/ed/ing አይጨምሩ። 'He cans' ፈፅሞ ስህተት ነዉ!

📞 ለግል አሰልጣኝ: +251 938 587 508 | @committed12
@YWTutorial

📌 TODAY'S LESSON: Articles — a, an, the መቼ ይጠቀሳሉ?

📖 ትምህርት: Articles noun ሲጠቀሱ ይጠቅሳሉ። a/an = ማናቸዉም አንድ | the = ያ የታወቀዉ

🧮 ቀመር: a (consonant sound) | an (vowel sound: a,e,i,o,u) | the (specific/known)

✅ ምሳሌ: I saw a cat. The cat was black. | She is an engineer. | an hour (h ዝም ይላል)

📝 የቀን ጥያቄ: "She is honest person who works at university." (a/an?)

🔗 ቪድዮ ለመመልከት: https://youtu.be/Fysyb9SABhE?si=7Tfy6-hsur11xZZB

💡 አጭር ማጠቃለያ: a/an ድምፁ ላይ ነዉ እንጂ ፊደሉ ላይ አይደለም! 'an hour' ምክንያቱም 'h' ዝምታ ነዉ።

📞 ለግል አሰልጣኝ: +251 938 587 508 | @committed12
@YWTutorial

📌 TODAY'S LESSON: Question Words — ጥያቄ ቃላት ሁሉ

📖 ትምህርት: Question words ዓይነተኛ መልስ ይፈልጋሉ — yes/no አይደለም።

🧮 ቀመር: What/Who/Where/When/Why/How/Which/Whose/How many/How much

✅ ምሳሌ: Where do you live? | How many students are there? | Whose book is this?

📝 የቀን ጥያቄ: "__ did you get here?" (How) | "__ is your name?" (What)

🔗 ቪድዮ ለመመልከት: https://youtu.be/oH9ytlqcpGA?si=GSLHiUoOMZCNMRRM

💡 አጭር ማጠቃለያ: Question word + auxiliary + subject + verb ነዉ ቅደም ተከተሉ። 'How' ዓይነቱ ብዙ ቅርፅ አለዉ።

📞 ለግል አሰልጣኝ: +251 938 587 508 | @committed12
@YWTutorial

📌 TODAY'S LESSON: There is / There are — አለ / አሉ

📖 ትምህርት: 'There is/are' ነገር መኖሩን ለማሳወቅ ይጠቅማሉ። 'There' ፍቺ የለዉም — formal subject ነዉ።

🧮 ቀመር: There is + singular | There are + plural

✅ ምሳሌ: There is a book on the table. | There are three students in the room.

📝 የቀን ጥያቄ: "___ two elephants in the zoo." (There is / There are)

🔗 ቪድዮ ለመመልከት: https://youtu.be/wG2bbgBcrLI?si=bYKGrLsdqTH3NhoD

💡 አጭር ማጠቃለያ: 'Is there...?' / 'Are there...?' ጥያቄ ሲሆን ቅደም ተከተሉ ይቀያየራል።

📞 ለግል አሰልጣኝ: +251 938 587 508 | @committed12
@YWTutorial

📌 TODAY'S LESSON: Present Perfect vs Past Simple — ልዩነቱ

📖 ትምህርት: ይህ ብዙ ሰዎች የሚሳሳቱበት ቦታ ነዉ። ልዩነቱ ጊዜ ነዉ — ተጠቅሶ ወይስ አልተጠቀሰም?

🧮 ቀመር: Past Simple: ጊዜ ተጠቅሷል (yesterday, in 2020) | Present Perfect: ጊዜ አልተጠቀሰም

✅ ምሳሌ: I visited Lalibela in 2019. (past) | I have visited Lalibela. (perfect)

📝 የቀን ጥያቄ: "She ___ (finish) her work an hour ago." — past simple ወይስ perfect?

🔗 ቪድዮ ለመመልከት: https://youtu.be/r-nXpW740ZM

💡 አጭር ማጠቃለያ: ago, yesterday, last year = past simple። just, already, yet, ever = present perfect።

📞 ለግል አሰልጣኝ: +251 938 587 508 | @committed12
@YWTutorial

📌 TODAY'S LESSON: Countable vs Uncountable Nouns — መቁጠር ይቻላል?

📖 ትምህርት: Countable nouns ይቆጠራሉ (1 book, 2 books)። Uncountable ይቆጠሩ አይቻሉም።

🧮 ቀመር: Countable: many/few/a few + noun | Uncountable: much/little/a little + noun

✅ ምሳሌ: many books ✓ | much water ✓ | many water ✗ | much books ✗

📝 የቀን ጥያቄ: "There is __ milk left." (much/many) | "There are __ students." (much/many)

🔗 ቪድዮ ለመመልከት: https://youtu.be/hgYTGl2OCbk

💡 አጭር ማጠቃለያ: much/little = uncountable (water, money, rice) | many/few = countable (books, people)።

📞 ለግል አሰልጣኝ: +251 938 587 508 | @committed12
@YWTutorial

📌 TODAY'S LESSON: Reflexive Pronouns — ራስን ወካይ

📖 ትምህርት: Reflexive pronouns ድርጊቱ ወደ ባለቤቱ ሲመለስ ይጠቅሳሉ። '-self' / '-selves' ይወስዳሉ።

🧮 ቀመር: myself/yourself/himself/herself/itself/ourselves/yourselves/themselves

✅ ምሳሌ: She hurt herself. | I taught myself English. | They enjoyed themselves.

📝 የቀን ጥያቄ: "He prepared ___ for the exam." ምን ይሞላሉ?

🔗 ቪድዮ ለመመልከት: https://youtu.be/oVedlI86EXg

💡 አጭር ማጠቃለያ: Reflexive pronouns subject እና object አንድ ሰዉ ሲሆን ይጠቅሳሉ። By + reflexive = ብቻዉን ።

📞 ለግል አሰልጣኝ: +251 938 587 508 | @committed12
@YWTutorial

📌 TODAY'S LESSON: Gerunds vs Infinitives — V1+ing vs to+V1

📖 ትምህርት: አንዳንድ verbs ቀጥሎ gerund (V1+ing) ሌሎቹ ደግሞ infinitive (to+V1) ይፈልጋሉ።

🧮 ቀመር: enjoy/finish/avoid + gerund | want/need/decide/plan + infinitive

✅ ምሳሌ: She enjoys reading. | He wants to study. | I finished writing the exam.

📝 የቀን ጥያቄ: "She decided ___ (study) abroad." — to study ወይስ studying?

🔗 ቪድዮ ለመመልከት: https://youtu.be/tk5N-0f4RbU

💡 አጭር ማጠቃለያ: enjoy, stop, finish, mind + gerund። want, need, hope, plan + infinitive። Some verbs ሁለቱንም ።

📞 ለግል አሰልጣኝ: +251 938 587 508 | @committed12
@YWTutorial

📌 TODAY'S LESSON: Comparative Adjectives — ሁለትን ማወዳደር

📖 ትምህርት: ሁለት ነገሮችን ሲያወዳድሩ comparative ይጠቀሙ።

🧮 ቀመር: Short adj + er + than | more + long adj + than

✅ ምሳሌ: She is taller than her sister. | This is more beautiful than that.

📝 የቀን ጥያቄ: "Addis Ababa is __ (big) __ Bahir Dar." ምን ይሞላሉ?

🔗 ቪድዮ ለመመልከት: https://youtu.be/iclo91xE8P8

💡 አጭር ማጠቃለያ: Short adjectives (1-2 syllables): -er + than። Long adjectives (3+ syllables): more + than።

📞 ለግል አሰልጣኝ: +251 938 587 508 | @committed12
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📌 TODAY'S LESSON: Superlative Adjectives — ከሁሉ ከፍተኛ

📖 ትምህርት: ሦስት ወይም ከዛ በላይ ነገሮችን ሲያወዳድሩ superlative ይጠቀሙ።

🧮 ቀመር: the + short adj + est | the most + long adj

✅ ምሳሌ: She is the tallest in class. | This is the most beautiful city in Ethiopia.

📝 የቀን ጥያቄ: "Mount Everest is ___ (high) mountain in the world." ምን ይሞላሉ?

🔗 ቪድዮ ለመመልከት: https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLSx8HfSguTqU0mKhC2oD1jIywAS4BTLy8&si=sVsa9HITPO4oUgEK

💡 አጭር ማጠቃለያ: Short: the + -est (tallest, oldest)። Long: the most + adj (most beautiful)። Irregular: good→best।

📞 ለግል አሰልጣኝ: +251 938 587 508 | @committed12
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📌 TODAY'S LESSON: Possessive Case — ባለቤትነት

📖 ትምህርት: ባለቤትነት ለሰዎች 's ፣ ለነገሮች 'of' ይጠቀሙ።

🧮 ቀመር: Person's + noun | noun + of + noun

✅ ምሳሌ: Abebe's book. | The students' teacher. | The roof of the house.

📝 የቀን ጥያቄ: "The ___ of the car is broken." (wheel) — ሁለቱ ቅርፆቹ ምን ናቸዉ?

🔗 ቪድዮ ለመመልከት: https://youtu.be/hgYTGl2OCbk

💡 አጭር ማጠቃለያ: Singular: 's (student's). Plural ending in s: s' (students'). ለጊዜ: yesterday's news।

📞 ለግል አሰልጣኝ: +251 938 587 508 | @committed12
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📌 TODAY'S LESSON: Subject-Verb Agreement — ስምምነት

📖 ትምህርት: ባለቤቱ ነጠላ ከሆነ ግሱም ነጠላ ይሆናል። ብዙ ከሆነ ብዙ ይሆናል።

🧮 ቀመር: Singular subject + V1+s/es | Plural subject + V1

✅ ምሳሌ: She reads every day. ✓ | They read every day. ✓ | She read ✗

📝 የቀን ጥያቄ: "The team ___ (play) well today." — plays ወይስ play?

🔗 ቪድዮ ለመመልከት: https://youtu.be/dZ2juDQA2LQ?si=KoJO_d4aHQ9MyhG2

💡 አጭር ማጠቃለያ: Collective nouns (team, family, group) singular ናቸዉ። 'Everyone/Each/Neither' ሁልጊዜ singular።

📞 ለግል አሰልጣኝ: +251 938 587 508 | @committed12
@YWTutorial

📌 TODAY'S LESSON: Tag Questions — አጭር ጥያቄዎች

📖 ትምህርት: ዓረፍተ ነገር ቀጥሎ አጭር ጥያቄ ሲጨመር 'tag question' ይባላል። ማረጋገጥ ወይም ፈቃድ ማግኘት ይፈልጋሉ።

🧮 ቀመር: Positive sentence + negative tag | Negative sentence + positive tag

✅ ምሳሌ: She is a teacher, isn't she? | You don't smoke, do you? | He can swim, can't he?

📝 የቀን ጥያቄ: "They went to Hawassa, ?" ምን ይሞላሉ?

🔗 ቪድዮ ለመመልከት: https://youtu.be/v9RTB154B4k?si=F03_AKsX-7N_AGA2

💡 አጭር ማጠቃለያ: Positive → negative tag (isn't, didn't, can't)። Negative → positive tag (is, did, can)።

📞 ለግል አሰልጣኝ: +251 938 587 508 | @committed12
@YWTutorial

📌 TODAY'S LESSON: Reported Questions — ጥያቄ ሲዘገብ

📖 ትምህርት: ጥያቄ ሲዘገብ ቅደም ተከተሉ ወደ ዓረፍተ ነገር ቅደም ተከተል ይቀያየራል። question mark ይጠፋል።

🧮 ቀመር: He asked + if/whether (yes/no) | He asked + question word (open question)

✅ ምሳሌ: Direct: 'Are you ready?' → Reported: He asked if I was ready.

📝 የቀን ጥያቄ: "'Where do you live?' she asked." → reported speech ምን ይሆናል?

🔗 ቪድዮ ለመመልከት: https://youtu.be/zDYKOtsIZLQ

💡 አጭር ማጠቃለያ: Yes/No questions → if/whether ይጠቀሱ። Open questions → question word ይቆያል። ቅደም ተከተሉ ይቀያየራል።

📞 ለግል አሰልጣኝ: +251 938 587 508 | @committed12
@YWTutorial