📌 TODAY'S LESSON: Passive Voice — ሁሉም Tense ቀመሮቹ

📖 ትምህርት: ቀመሩ አንድ ነዉ — V to be + V3 — ጊዜዉ V to be ላይ ብቻ ይቀያየራል።

🧮 ቀመር: Object + [V to be in tense] + V3

✅ ምሳሌ: Present: is/are+V3 | Past: was/were+V3 | Future: will be+V3 | Perfect: have been+V3

📝 የቀን ጥያቄ: "The road ___ (build) next year." — future passive ምን ይሆናል?

🔗 ቪድዮ ለመመልከት: https://youtu.be/9OEU69SD0is

💡 አጭር ማጠቃለያ: ሁሉም passive ዉስጥ V3 ተመሳሳይ ነዉ። ጊዜዉን V to be ላይ ብቻ ቀይሩ!

📞 ለግል አሰልጣኝ: +251 938 587 508 | @committed12
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📌 TODAY'S LESSON: Direct vs Indirect Speech

📖 ትምህርት: Direct = ንግግሩ ቀጥታ ሲጠቀስ። Indirect = ንግግሩ ተቀይሮ ሲቀርብ።

🧮 ቀመር: He said, "I am tired." → He said (that) he was tired.

✅ ሚቀየሩት: am→was | will→would | can→could | today→that day | tomorrow→the next day

📝 የቀን ጥያቄ: "She said, 'I will come tomorrow.'" — indirect ን ጻፉ።

🔗 ቪድዮ ለመመልከት: https://youtu.be/zDYKOtsIZLQ

💡 አጭር ማጠቃለያ: Reporting verb ያለፈ ጊዜ ላይ ከሆነ ቃሉ ወደ ያለፈ ጊዜ ይቀያየራል — backshift ይባላል።

​"Backshift" ማለት አንድ ሰው ቀጥታ (Direct) የተናገረውን ንግግር ወደ ተዘዋዋሪ (Indirect) ስንቀይር፣ የተጠቀመበትን ግሥ (Verb) ወደ የኋላ ጊዜ መመለስ ማለት ነው።

​ለምን? ምክንያቱም ንግግሩ የተደረገው ባለፈ ጊዜ (Past) እስከሆነ፣ ያንን ንግግር ስናወራው የግሡ ጊዜም አብሮ ወደ ኋላ መመለስ አለበት።

📞 ለግል አሰልጣኝ: +251 938 587 508 | @committed12
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📌 *TODAY'S LESSON: Past Continuous — ሲሆን የነበረ*

📖 *ትምህርት:* ያለፈ ጊዜ ላይ ሌላ ነገር ሲሆን እየሆነ የነበረ ድርጊትን ያሳያል።

🧮 *ቀመር:* `Subject + was/were + V1+ing`

✅ *ምሳሌ:* She *was studying* when he called. / They *were playing* when it rained.

📝 *የቀን ጥያቄ:* "I ___ (sleep) when the phone rang." ምን ይሞላሉ?

🔗 *ቪድዮ ለመመልከት:* https://youtu.be/c97lJ0vhUNA

💡 *አጭር ማጠቃለያ:* 'while, when' ካሉ ብዙ ጊዜ past continuous ነዉ። was/were + V1+ing።

📞 ለግል አሰልጣኝ: +251 938 587 508 | @committed12
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📌 *TODAY'S LESSON: Present Perfect — ጊዜ ሳይጠቀስ ያለፈ*

📖 *ትምህርት:* ጊዜ ሳይጠቀስ ያለፈ ልምድ ወይም ጊዜዉ ያልተጠቀሰ ድርጊት ለማሳየት።

🧮 *ቀመር:* `Subject + have/has + V3`

✅ *ምሳሌ:* I *have visited* Lalibela. / She *has finished* her homework already.

📝 *የቀን ጥያቄ:* "They ___ (eat) injera before." have ወይስ has?

🔗 *ቪድዮ ለመመልከት:* https://youtu.be/r-nXpW740ZM

💡 *አጭር ማጠቃለያ:* 'just, already, yet, ever, never, since, for' ካሉ present perfect ነዉ። have/has + V3።

📞 ለግል አሰልጣኝ: +251 938 587 508 | @committed12
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📌 *TODAY'S LESSON: Past Perfect — ከሌላ ያለፈ ድርጊት ቀደም ያለ*

📖 *ትምህርት:* ሁለት ያለፉ ድርጊቶች ሲኖሩ የቀደመዉን ለማሳየት had + V3 ይጠቅማል።

🧮 *ቀመር:* `Subject + had + V3`

✅ *ምሳሌ:* She *had studied* before the exam started. / By the time he arrived, they *had left*.

📝 *የቀን ጥያቄ:* "When I arrived, she ___ (already, finish) cooking." ምን ይሞላሉ?

🔗 *ቪድዮ ለመመልከት:* https://youtu.be/0nZaBirXayY

💡 *አጭር ማጠቃለያ:* 'before, by the time, when, already' ካሉ past perfect ሊሆን ይችላል። had + V3 ነዉ።

📞 ለግል አሰልጣኝ: +251 938 587 508 | @committed12
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📌 *TODAY'S LESSON: Future Perfect — ወደፊት ያልቃል*

📖 *ትምህርት:* ወደፊት አንድ ጊዜ ላይ ሌላ ነገር ከመሆኑ በፊት ያልቃል ብሎ ሲጠቀስ ይጠቅማል።

🧮 *ቀመር:* `Subject + will + have + V3`

✅ *ምሳሌ:* By Friday, she *will have finished* the project. / By 2030, they *will have built* the road.

📝 *የቀን ጥያቄ:* "By tomorrow, I ___ (study) 10 chapters." ምን ይሞላሉ?

🔗 *ቪድዮ ለመመልከት:* https://youtu.be/cbj8viIbRs8

💡 *አጭር ማጠቃለያ:* 'by tomorrow, by next week, by the time' ካሉ future perfect ሊሆን ይችላል።

📞 ለግል አሰልጣኝ: +251 938 587 508 | @committed12
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📌 *TODAY'S LESSON: Zero Conditional — ሁልጊዜ እዉነት*

📖 *ትምህርት:* ሁልጊዜ እዉነት የሆኑ ነገሮችን፣ ሳይንሳዊ እዉነታዎችን ለማሳየት።

🧮 *ቀመር:* `If + V1, V1`

✅ *ምሳሌ:* If you *heat* water to 100°C, it *boils*. / If it *rains*, the ground *gets* wet.

📝 *የቀን ጥያቄ:* "If you ___ (mix) blue and yellow, you ___ (get) green." ምን ይሞላሉ?

🔗 *ቪድዮ ለመመልከት:* https://youtu.be/w6Qxy9K6NFg

💡 *አጭር ማጠቃለያ:* Zero conditional = ሁልጊዜ እዉነት ሳይንስ/ተፈጥሮ። ሁለቱም ክፍሎች V1 ናቸዉ።

📞 ለግል አሰልጣኝ: +251 938 587 508 | @committed12
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📌 *TODAY'S LESSON: 1st Conditional — ሊሆን ይችላል*

📖 *ትምህርት:* ሊሆን የሚችሉ ወደፊት ሁኔታዎችን ለማሳየት። ተስፋ ወይም ዛቻ ሊሆን ይችላል።

🧮 *ቀመር:* `If + V1, will + V1`

✅ *ምሳሌ:* If you *study* hard, you *will pass*. / If it *rains*, I *will stay* home.

📝 *የቀን ጥያቄ:* "If she ___ (call), I ___ (answer)." ምን ይሞላሉ?

🔗 *ቪድዮ ለመመልከት:* https://youtu.be/w6Qxy9K6NFg

💡 *አጭር ማጠቃለያ:* 1st conditional = ሊሆን ይችላል። If + present simple, will + V1 ነዉ።

📞 ለግል አሰልጣኝ: +251 938 587 508 | @committed12
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📌 *TODAY'S LESSON: 2nd Conditional — ምናልባት ባይሆንም*

📖 *ትምህርት:* የማይሆን ወይም ምናልባት ቢሆን ብሎ ሲጠቀስ ይጠቅማል።

🧮 *ቀመር:* `If + V2 (were for all), would + V1`

✅ *ምሳሌ:* If I *were* rich, I *would help* everyone. / If she *studied*, she *would pass*.

📝 *የቀን ጥያቄ:* "If I ___ (be) a bird, I ___ (fly) to Addis." ምን ይሞላሉ?

🔗 *ቪድዮ ለመመልከት:* https://youtu.be/cnFELvvs-n0

💡 *አጭር ማጠቃለያ:* 2nd conditional = ምናልባት ባይሆን። If + were/V2, would + V1 ነዉ። 'be' ሁሌ 'were' ነዉ።

📞 ለግል አሰልጣኝ: +251 938 587 508 | @committed12
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📌 *TODAY'S LESSON: 3rd Conditional — ቢሆን ኖሮ (ፀፀት)*

📖 *ትምህርት:* ያለፈ ሁኔታን ቢቀይሩ ኖሮ ምን ይሆን ነበር ብሎ ሲፀፀቱ ይጠቅማል።

🧮 *ቀመር:* `If + had + V3, would have + V3`

✅ *ምሳሌ:* If I *had studied*, I *would have passed*. / If she *had called*, I *would have answered*.

📝 *የቀን ጥያቄ:* "If they ___ (work) harder, they ___ (win) the match." ምን ይሞላሉ?

🔗 *ቪድዮ ለመመልከት:* https://youtu.be/cnFELvvs-n0

💡 *አጭር ማጠቃለያ:* 3rd conditional = ቢሆን ኖሮ (ፀፀት)። If + had + V3, would have + V3 ነዉ።

📞 ለግል አሰልጣኝ: +251 938 587 508 | @committed12
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📌 *TODAY'S LESSON: Active to Passive — Present Simple*

📖 *ትምህርት:* ባለቤቱ ሳይጠቀስ ድርጊቱ ላይ ትኩረት ሲሰጥ passive voice ይጠቅማል።

🧮 *ቀመር:* `Object + is/am/are + V3 (by + Subject)`

✅ *ምሳሌ:* Active: She *teaches* English. → Passive: English *is taught* by her.

📝 *የቀን ጥያቄ:* "The students ___ (teach) English every day." — passive ን ተጠቀሙ።

🔗 *ቪድዮ ለመመልከት:* https://youtu.be/-L2j2n4_YMY

💡 *አጭር ማጠቃለያ:* Present passive = is/am/are + V3። Subject ሁልጊዜ object ሆኖ ይቀያየራል።

📞 ለግል አሰልጣኝ: +251 938 587 508 | @committed12
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📌 *TODAY'S LESSON: Active to Passive — Past Simple*

📖 *ትምህርት:* ያለፈ ጊዜ passive voice ስናደርግ was/were + V3 ነዉ።

🧮 *ቀመር:* `Object + was/were + V3 (by + Subject)`

✅ *ምሳሌ:* Active: He *built* the house. → Passive: The house *was built* by him.

📝 *የቀን ጥያቄ:* "The letter ___ (write) by Abebe yesterday." ምን ይሞላሉ?

🔗 *ቪድዮ ለመመልከት:* https://youtu.be/9OEU69SD0is

💡 *አጭር ማጠቃለያ:* Past passive = was/were + V3። ባለቤቱ ብዙ ከሆነ 'were'፣ ነጠላ ከሆነ 'was' ይጠቀሙ።

📞 ለግል አሰልጣኝ: +251 938 587 508 | @committed12
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📌 *TODAY'S LESSON: Active to Passive — ሁሉም Tense ቀመሮቹ*

📖 *ትምህርት:* ሁሉም tense ቀመር passive ዉስጥ V to be + V3 ይሆናል — ጊዜዉ V to be ላይ ይቀያየራል።

🧮 *ቀመር:* `Object + [V to be in correct tense] + V3`

✅ *ምሳሌ:* Present: is/are+V3 | Past: was/were+V3 | Future: will be+V3 | Perfect: have been+V3

📝 *የቀን ጥያቄ:* "The road ___ (build) next year." — future passive ምን ይሆናል?

🔗 *ቪድዮ ለመመልከት:* https://youtu.be/9OEU69SD0is

💡 *አጭር ማጠቃለያ:* ቀመሩ አንድ ነዉ: V to be + V3። ጊዜዉን V to be ላይ ብቻ ይቀይሩ!

📞 ለግል አሰልጣኝ: +251 938 587 508 | @committed12
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📌 *TODAY'S LESSON: Direct & Indirect Speech — ቀጥተኛ እና ቀጥተኛ ያልሆነ ዘገባ*

📖 *ትምህርት:* Direct = ቃሉ ቀጥታ ሲጠቀስ። Indirect = ቃሉ ተቀይሮ ሲቀርብ።

🧮 *ቀመር:* `Direct: He said, 'I am tired.' → Indirect: He said (that) he was tired.`

✅ *ምሳሌ:* am→was | will→would | can→could | today→that day | tomorrow→the next day

📝 *የቀን ጥያቄ:* "She said, 'I will come tomorrow.'" — indirect speech ን ጻፉ።

🔗 *ቪድዮ ለመመልከት:* https://youtu.be/zDYKOtsIZLQ

💡 *አጭር ማጠቃለያ:* Reporting verb ካለፈ ጊዜ ሆነ ሁሉ ቃሉ ወደ ያለፈ ጊዜ ይቀያየራሉ — backshift ይባላል።

📞 ለግል አሰልጣኝ: +251 938 587 508 | @committed12
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📌 TODAY'S LESSON: Noun ምንድን ናዉ? — ሁሉም አይነቶቹ

📖 ትምህርት: Noun ማለት ሰዎችን፣ ቦታዎችን፣ ነገሮችን ወይም ሀሳቦችን የሚሰይም ቃል ነዉ።

🧮 ቀመር: Proper | Common | Collective | Abstract | Countable | Uncountable

✅ ምሳሌ: Ethiopia(proper) | city(common) | team(collective) | love(abstract)

📝 የቀን ጥያቄ: 'Happiness' — ምን አይነት noun ነዉ?

🔗 ቪድዮ ለመመልከት: https://youtu.be/hgYTGl2OCbk

💡 አጭር ማጠቃለያ: Nouns ስራቸዉ subject ወይም object ሆኖ መቆም ነዉ። አይነቶቻቸዉን ማወቅ article ን ትክክል ለመጠቀም ይረዳል።

📞 ለግል አሰልጣኝ: +251 938 587 508 | @committed12
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📌 TODAY'S LESSON: Pronouns — ተዉላጠ ስሞች ሁሉ

📖 ትምህርት: Pronouns ስምን ተክተዉ ይጠቀሳሉ። አይነቶቻቸዉ subject/object/possessive ይባላሉ።

🧮 ቀመር: Subject: I,he,she | Object: me,him,her | Possessive pronoun: mine,his,hers

✅ ምሳሌ: She is a teacher. I love her. That book is mine.

📝 የቀን ጥያቄ: "__ is a good student. Everyone loves __." ምን ይሞላሉ? (He / him)

🔗 ቪድዮ ለመመልከት: https://youtu.be/oVedlI86EXg

💡 አጭር ማጠቃለያ: Subject ድርጊቱን ያደርጋል፣ Object ድርጊቱ ይፈፀምበታል፣ Possessive ባለቤትነት ያሳያል።

📞 ለግል አሰልጣኝ: +251 938 587 508 | @committed12
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📌 TODAY'S LESSON: Adjectives — ስም ገላጭ ቃላት ሁሉ

📖 ትምህርት: Adjectives ስምን ይገልፃሉ። አይነቶቻቸዉ ባህርይን፣ ብዛትን፣ ባለቤትነትን ያሳያሉ።

🧮 ቀመር: Descriptive | Quantitative | Comparative (+er/more) | Superlative (+est/most)

✅ ምሳሌ: beautiful girl | three books | She is taller | She is the tallest

📝 የቀን ጥያቄ: "This is the ___ (good) day of my life." superlative ምን ይሆናል?

🔗 ቪድዮ ለመመልከት: https://youtu.be/iclo91xE8P8

💡 አጭር ማጠቃለያ: Short adjectives: -er/-est ይወስዳሉ። Long adjectives: more/most ያስፈልጋቸዋል።

📞 ለግል አሰልጣኝ: +251 938 587 508 | @committed12
@YWTutorial

📌 TODAY'S LESSON: Adverbs — የድርጊት ገላጭ ቃላት

📖 ትምህርት: Adverbs ድርጊቱ እንዴት/የት/መቼ/ምን ያህል እንደተፈፀመ ያሳያሉ።

🧮 ቀመር: Manner(how?) | Place(where?) | Time(when?) | Frequency(how often?) | Degree(how much?)

✅ ምሳሌ: She sings beautifully. | He is very tired. | She always studies.

📝 የቀን ጥያቄ: 'She ___ (frequent) visits her grandmother.' — adverb ምን ይሆናል?

🔗 ቪድዮ ለመመልከት: https://youtu.be/X2QGY1rknPg

💡 አጭር ማጠቃለያ: Adverbs ድርጊቱን፣ adjective ን ወይም ሌላ adverb ን ይገልፃሉ። ብዙ ጊዜ -ly ይወስዳሉ።

📞 ለግል አሰልጣኝ: +251 938 587 508 | @committed12
@YWTutorial

📌 TODAY'S LESSON: Prepositions — ቅድመ ሁኔታ ቃላት

📖 ትምህርት: Prepositions ቦታን፣ ጊዜን፣ አቅጣጫን፣ ምክንያትን ያሳያሉ።

🧮 ቀመር: Place: in/on/under | Time: at/on/in | Direction: to/from/towards

✅ ምሳሌ: The book is on the table. | I wake up at 6. | She walked towards school.

📝 የቀን ጥያቄ: "He came __ Addis Ababa __ 2023." ምን ይሞላሉ? (from / in)

🔗 ቪድዮ ለመመልከት: https://youtu.be/wG2bbgBcrLI

💡 አጭር ማጠቃለያ: Prepositions ሁልጊዜ noun ወይም pronoun ቀጥሎ ይጠቅሳሉ። ቦታዉን በፊት ምን ይሆናል ብለዉ ያስቡ።

📞 ለግል አሰልጣኝ: +251 938 587 508 | @committed12
@YWTutorial

📌 TODAY'S LESSON: Conjunctions — ቃላትን እና ዓረፍተ ነገሮችን የሚያያይዙ

📖 ትምህርት: Conjunctions ሁለት ሀሳቦችን ያቆራኛሉ። ዓይነቶቻቸዉ coordinating, subordinating, correlative ናቸዉ።

🧮 ቀመር: Coordinating: and/but/or/so/yet | Subordinating: because/although/if/when/while

✅ ምሳሌ: I studied but I failed. | She passed because she worked hard.

📝 የቀን ጥያቄ: "I wanted to go, ___ it was raining." ምን ይሞላሉ? (but/so/because)

🔗 ቪድዮ ለመመልከት: https://youtu.be/Y8zRuS-qkXQ?si=Y7sAmGra5c3qOYXw

💡 አጭር ማጠቃለያ: Conjunction ሁለት ሀሳቦችን ያቆራኛሉ። ምክንያት=because | ተቃርኖ=but | ምርጫ=or ።

📞 ለግል አሰልጣኝ: +251 938 587 508 | @committed12
@YWTutorial

📌 TODAY'S LESSON: Modal Verbs — ረዳት ግሶቹ ሁሉ

📖 ትምህርት: Modal verbs ፍቃድ፣ ችሎታ፣ ግዴታ፣ ምናልባት ወዘተ ያሳያሉ። ቀጥሎ V1 ብቻ ይጠቀሙ።

🧮 ቀመር: Modal + V1 (never add s/ed/ing to V1 after modal)

✅ ምሳሌ: can(ችሎታ) | must(ግዴታ) | should(ምክር) | might(ምናልባት) | will(ወደፊት)

📝 የቀን ጥያቄ: "You ___ study hard to pass." — ምን modal ትጠቀማላችሁ? (should/must)

🔗 ቪድዮ ለመመልከት: ቪድዮ፦https://youtu.be/OCcK16neW7k?si=zaa3U4XsTSQ1i8id

💡 አጭር ማጠቃለያ: Modal ቀጥሎ ሁልጊዜ V1 ብቻ። ፈፅሞ s/es/ed/ing አይጨምሩ። 'He cans' ፈፅሞ ስህተት ነዉ!

📞 ለግል አሰልጣኝ: +251 938 587 508 | @committed12
@YWTutorial