የአብስራ

18:31

የ"Direct speech" እና የ"Reported speech" ልዩነት ምንድን ነዉ?

Direct speech፦ የምንለዉ የተናጋሪዉ ንግግር ምንም የጊዜ ለዉጥ ሳይደረግበት በ"quotation"/"" መሃከል የሚቀርብ አረፍተ ነገር ነዉ፤

ምሳሌ፦ He said "I am studying right now"

Reported speech ፦ የምንለዉ ደግሞ ተናጋሪዉ የተናገረዉን ነገር ወደሇላ በመመለስ ለመናገር የምንጠቀመዉ አረፍተ ነገር ሲሆን፤

ምሳሌ፦ He said that he was studying at that time.

በመቀጠል እንዴት ከ"Direct speech" ወደ "Reported speech" እንደምንቀይር እናወራለን፤

ጊዜዉን ማትቀይሩበትን እናዉራ፤

ሁልጊዜ የሚደረግ (ድግግሞሽ) ከሆነ ፤

ምሳሌ፦
DIRECT: He said "I play music everyday."
REPORTED: He said that he plays music every day.

እዚህ ጋር እንደምትመለከቱት ሁለቱም ያሉበት "Tense" ማለትም የሚጠቀሙት ግስ "V1" ነዉ፤

እዉነታም ከሆነ ወደ"Reported speech" ስትቀይሩት ጊዜዉን አትቀይሩትም፤

ምሳሌ፦
DIRECT: He said"The sun rises in the east."
INDIRECT:He said that the sun rises in the east.

እዚህ ጋርም እንደምትመለከቱት ሁለቱም ያሉበት "Tense" ማለትም የሚጠቀሙት ግስ "V1" ነዉ፤

"says" የሚል ካልሆነ በስተቀረ ሁልጊዜም "Backshift"ወይም ጊዜዉን ወደሇላ ትመልሱታላችሁ ማለት ነዉ፤

አሁን ደግሞ እንዴት የተለያዩ "Tense"ሶችን ወደሇላ እንደምትመልሱ እናወራለን፤

የጊዜ ለዉጥ Simple present => Simple past ትለዉጡታላችሁ፤

DIRECT: He said"I play music."
INDIRECT:He said that he played music.

እዚህ ጋር እንደምትመለከቱት "Direct speech" ላይ "V1" የነበረዉን "Indirect speech"ወደ "V2" ቀየርነዉ፤

የጊዜ ለዉጥ "present continuous" =>   "past continuous" ትለዉጡታላችሁ፤

DIRECT: He said"I am playing music right now."
INDIRECT:He said that he was playing music at that moment.

እዚህ ጋር እንደምትመለከቱት "Direct speech" ላይ "Verb to be(am)" የነበረዉን "Indirect speech"ወደ "Verb to be(was)" ቀየርነዉ፤

የጊዜ ለዉጥ "present perfect" =>   "past perfect" ትለዉጡታላችሁ፤

DIRECT: He said"I have already played music."
INDIRECT:He said that he had played music already .

እዚህ ጋር እንደምትመለከቱት "Direct speech" ላይ "have" የነበረዉን "Indirect speech"ወደ "had" ቀየርነዉ፤

የጊዜ ለዉጥ "past continuous" => "past perfect continuous" ትለዉጡታላችሁ፤

DIRECT: He said " I was playing football last night"
INDIRECT: He said that he had been playing football the night before.

እዚህ ጋር እንደምትመለከቱት "Direct speech" ላይ "was" የነበረዉን "Indirect speech"ወደ "had been" ቀየርነዉ፤

ምትለዉጧቸዉ "modal verb"ኦች፤

will => would

DIRECT: He said"I will play music tomorrow."
INDIRECT:He said that he would   play music the next day.

እዚህ ጋር እንደምትመለከቱት "Direct speech" ላይ "will" የነበረዉን "Indirect speech"ወደ "would" ቀየርነዉ፤

have to => had to

DIRECT: He said"I have to wear my seat belt"
INDIRECT:He said that he had to   wear his seat belts.

እዚህ ጋር እንደምትመለከቱት "Direct speech" ላይ "have to" የነበረዉን "Indirect speech"ወደ "had to" ቀየርነዉ፤

must=> had to

DIRECT: He said"I must wear my seat belt"
INDIRECT:He said that he had to   wear his seat belts.

እዚህ ጋር እንደምትመለከቱት "Direct speech" ላይ "must" የነበረዉን "Indirect speech"ወደ "had to" ቀየርነዉ፤