Switzerland imports more cheese than it exports 

Only a handful of countries are famous for producing cheese. Switzerland is one of them. However, for the first time, Switzerland is importing more cheese than it exports. The reason is that in the 1990s, Switzerland opened up its milk market. This meant other countries could sell milk in Switzerland. The result is that Swiss farmers have had difficulty competing with the cheaper, imported milk. Many Swiss dairy farmers have given up because they can no longer make a profit. This has led to a decrease in the quantity of cheese made in Switzerland. A spokesperson for the Swiss Dairy Association said the country can now only produce enough cheese for its own population.

Swiss cheese like Gruyere and Emmental are well known for their high quality. Restaurants worldwide add these cheeses to their menus. However, eateries and supermarkets around the world may have to replace Swiss cheeses with those from England, France or Venezuela. Even though Switzerland is not exporting as much cheese, the Swiss are still big cheese eaters. They are actually eating more cheese than ever. The Swiss Info website said Swiss people ate an average of 22.9 kg per person last year. Dairy farmer Lina Fischer was sad to see so many farms disappearing. She said: "From fondues to fried cheese balls, cheese is a big part of life in Switzerland. We need our farms, and cheese."

Match the following synonyms from the article.

producing
difficulty
given up
quantity
population
well known
ever
ate
disappearing
part

《》

amount
component
citizens
famous
vanishing
trouble
consumed
making
before
quit

Switzerland opened up its milk market.
سوئیس درهای بازار شیر خود را به روی کشورهای دیگر گشود.

Biocomputers

The merging of human and machine has taken another step forward as researchers have built a "biocomputer". Bioengineers at the University of Indiana in the USA have combined laboratory-grown human brain tissue with microelectrodes. The scientists have dubbed their creation Brainoware. It is in its embryonic stage of development, but it can already perform complex tasks such as voice recognition. Lead researcher Dr Feng Guo hopes his softer-than-usual software will help to advance AI technologies. It could also mean AI hardware uses far less energy than solely using silicon chips. Dr Guo said: "This is just proof-of-concept to show that we can do the job. We still have a long way to go."

The researchers said their Brainoware system utilizes "organoids". These are artificially grown bundles of tissue and stem cells that resemble an organ. Dr Guo said his team's organoids are like mini-brains. They have transformed and developed neurons, akin to those found in the human brain. The researchers say their next step is to investigate how Brainoware can be adapted to undertake higher-level tasks. The technology could one day be used to create improved models of the brain, and move neuroscience research forward. It could also lead to cures for neurological diseases. One major challenge for the researchers is to find solutions for how to keep the living tissue alive.

Match the following synonyms from the article.

merging
embryonic
complex
solely
proof
bundles
resemble
akin
undertake
cures

《》

look like
therapies
only
intricate
similar
combining
tackle
clumps
evidence
rudimentary

brainoware-biocomputer

... has taken another step forward
... یک گام دیگر به پیش رفته است
... گامی دیگر به سمت جلو برداشته است

The scientists have dubbed their creation Brainoware.
دانشمندان این اختراع خود را "مغزافزار" نامیده‌اند.

It is in its embryonic stage of development
در مراحل آغازین رشد و توسعه است

lead researcher
پژوهشگر برجسته
محقق پیشرو

This is just proof-of-concept to show that we can do the job.
این کار صرفا برای اثبات قابلیت اجرای یک مفهوم ذهنی انجام شده تا نشان بدهد ما توان انجامش را داریم.

Love is a drug called dopamine, say scientists

Writers of novels and and songs have for centuries claimed that love is a drug. Scientists have now gone a step further to prove this assertion. They conducted tests on the romantic relationships among prairie voles. Different pairs of the mouse-like rodents were tested for levels of dopamine – a neuro-transmitter that plays a role in our seeking pleasure and a craving for addictive things. It can provide an intense feeling of reward. The researchers found that the voles released large amounts of dopamine when they were physically with their "established partner". Researcher Dr Zoe Donaldson said parts of the voles' brains lit up "like a glow stick" when they were reunited with their mates, and dimmed when with unknown voles.

The researchers said their studies help to explain much about the complexities of human relationships. They say dopamine in our brains plays a key part when falling in love, and in the grief experienced when breaking up with a partner. Dr Donaldson said: "As humans, our entire social world is basically defined by different degrees of selective desire to interact with different people, whether it's your romantic partner or your close friends." She added: "This research suggests that certain people leave a unique chemical imprint on our brain that drives us to maintain these bonds over time." Research also suggests that women get over a breakup, and fall out of love faster than men.

Match the following synonyms from the article.

claimed
conducted
seeking
craving
dimmed
complexities
grief
entire
unique
bonds

《》

searching for
sorrow
faded
whole
distinctive
asserted
complications
friendships
carried out
longing

to raise preparedness level in an area
ارتقاء سطح آمادگی در یک منطقه
سطح آمادگی را در منطقه‌ای بالا بردن

fight tooth and nail
با چنگ و دندان جنگیدن

When the Indian girl was captured, she fought tooth and nail to get away.

The farmers fought tooth and nail to save their crops from the grasshoppers.

His friends fought tooth and nail to elect him to Congress.

School should encourage the full development of a student's talents.
مدرسه می‌بایست به شکوفایی کامل استعدادهای دانش‌آموز کمک کند.

The company received permission to build six residential properties on the land.
به شرکت اجازه دادند در آن زمین شش ملک مسکونی بسازد.

to proceed
پرداختن، اقدام کردن، پیشرفت کردن، جلوتر رفتن

 to proceed to eat one's dinner
به صرف شام پرداختن

a project that is proceeding well ...
طرحی که دارد به خوبی پیش می‌رود ...

The government was determined to proceed with the election.
دولت مصمم بود انتخابات را پیش ببرد.

Before proceeding further, we must define our terms.
پیش از آن که جلوتر برویم، باید اصطلاحاتمان را تعریف کنیم.

Work is proceeding according to plan.
کار دارد طبق نقشه (/برنامه) پیش می‌رود.

students who wish to proceed to university ...
دانش‌آموزانی که مایل به ادامه تحصیل تا مقطع دانشگاه هستند ...

She decided not to proceed with the treatment.
تصمیم گرفت درمان را ادامه ندهد (/پی نگیرد).

It will be necessary to proceed with caution.
باید با احتیاط جلو رفت.
باید با احتیاط کار را جلو برد.

They decided to go ahead with the project. [Informal]
تصمیم گرفتند طرح را جلو ببرند. [غیر رسمی]

He is not allowed solid food yet, only fluids.
هنوز اجازه خوردن غذای جامد ندارد، فقط مایعات.

واژه ششصد و سی و دوم)

venerable
/'venərəbl/
adj.

🔹قابل احترام، ارجمند، مورد احترام، محترم، مُعزز، قدیمی و ارزشمند

🍭 (وی نره بالا) کی بره پس؟ اگه وی (=او) که آدم مورد احترامیه نره بالای مجلس بشینه پس کی بره بالا؟! 😳

📎 I met a venerable old man with a very long white beard.
با مرد سالخورده قابل احترامی ملاقات کردم که ریش سفید بسیار بلندی داشت.

📎 He was a venerable judge with an impressive knowledge of the law.
او قاضی مورد احترامی بود که معلومات تحسین انگیزی درباره حقوق داشت.

📎 Much has been written about this venerable tradition.
چیزهایی زیادی درباره این سنت مورد احترام نوشته شده است.

💠 Syn: respected, worshiped, revered

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واژه ششصد و سی و سوم)

extraneous
/ɪk'streɪnɪəs/
adj.

🔹بیرونی، خارجی، از بیرون، غیراصلی، فرعی، بدون ارتباط مستقیم، نامرتبط

🍭 اطلاعات غیرمرتبط مثل (عکست را نیاز) نیست به همه بدی! 😳

📎 extraneous information/details
اطلاعات/جزئیات نامرتبط

📎 These questions are extraneous to the issue being discussed.
این پرسش ها به موضوع مورد بحث مرتبط نیستند.

📎 She sped up the process by eliminating all extraneous steps.
او با حذف تمام مراحل غیرمرتبط فرایند را تسریع کرد.

📎 Coughs and extraneous noises can be edited out.
سرفه ها و صداهای فرعی را می‌شود با ویرایش حذف کرد.

📎 Do not allow extraneous considerations to influence your judgement.
اجازه نده ملاحظات بیرونی (/غیرمرتبط) روی قضاوتت اثر بگذارند.

💠 Syn: foreign, not belonging, irrelevant, external

@WordsCodes
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واژه ششصد و سی و چهارم)

ambiguous
/æm'bɪgjʊəs/
adj.

🔹مبهم، نامشخص، چندپهلو، گنگ

🍭 (این بی گویش) هست؛ این گویش نداره؛ ناگویا است؛ گنگ و مبهمه! 😜

📎 His reply to my question was somewhat ambiguous.
پاسخ او به سوال من تا حدودی مبهم بود.

📎 The wording of the agreement is ambiguous.
واژه پردازی قرارداد مبهم است.

📎 The judge agreed that the law was ambiguous.
قاضی قبول داشت که قانون مبهم است.

💠 Syn: vague, undefined, not specific

➖ ambiguity (n.)    گنگی، ابهام

@WordsCodes
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واژه ششصد و سی و پنجم)

succinct
/sək'sɪŋkt/
adj.

🔹موجز، روشن و کوتاه، واضح و مختصر، مُجمَل

🍭 (سه کس این کت) را پوشیده اند؛ به طور مختصر و موجز اشاره میکنم که این 3 نفر چه کسانی هستند! 😜

📎 They were asked to keep their speeches succinct.
از آنها تقاضا شد که سخنرانی های خود را مختصر ارائه بدهند.

📎 The letter should be succinct - remove all unnecessary information.
نامه باید موجز باشد - تمام اطلاعات غیرضروری را حذف کنید.

📎 The book gives a succinct account of the technology and its history...
این کتاب شرح مختصری (و روشنی) از فناوری و تاریخچه آن ارائه می‌نماید.

💠 Syn: brief, concise

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واژه ششصد و سی و ششم)

archaic
/ɑ:'keɪɪk/
adj.

🔹کهنه، قدیمی، منسوخ، مهجور

🍭 (ارک یک) واژه قدیمی و کهنه ست که دیگه ازش استفاده نمیشه؛

امروزه بجای اون از کلمه "ارگ" یا کلمه "قلعه" استفاده میشه! 😜

📎 It's an archaic law that should be immediately changed.
این یک قانون قدیمی است که بلافاصله باید آن را تغییر داد.

📎 Archaic Chinese differed a lot from modern Chinese.
زبان چینی قدیمی با زبان چینی مُدرن تفاوت زیادی داشت.

 📎 It's an archaic word that we no longer use.
این یک واژه‌ قدیمی (/مهجور) است که دیگر از آن استفاده نمی‌کنیم.

💠 Syn: out of date, obsolete, old-fashioned

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واژه ششصد و سی و هفتم)

emulate
/'emjʊleɪt/
v.t.

🔹رقابت کردن با، با تقلید از کسی پیشی جستن، سرمشق قرار دادن و برتری جویی کردن از کسی، هم چشمی کردن با کسی

🍭 عمو تو سرمشق منی:
(عمو رات) رو ادامه میدم و ازت تقلید میکنم و سعی میکنم تو زندگی با تو رقابت کنم! 😜
[عمو راهت رو ادامه میدم...]

📎 They hope to emulate the success of other software companies.
آنها امیدوارند بتوانند با رقابت با سایر شرکت‌های نرم‌افزاری به موفقیت آنها دست بیابند؛
امیدوارند بتوانند موفقیت سایر شرکت‌های نرم‌افزاری را تکرار کنند.

📎 Sons are traditionally expected to emulate their fathers.
به شکل سنتی از پسرها انتظار می‌رود پدرانشان را الگو قرار بدهند (و سعی کنند از پدرانشان پیشی بگیرند).

 📎 I have always tried to emulate my successful brother.
همیشه سعی کرده‌ام از برادر موفقم الگو بگیرم و با او رقابت کنم.

📎 These artists are emulating the style of their teachers.
این هنرمندان می‌کوشند سبک استادانشان را تقلید کنند.

💠 Syn: rival, strive to equal, imitate, try to equal or excel

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واژه ششصد و سی و هشتم)

facetious
/fə'si:ʃəs/
adj.

🔹شوخی آمیز، لوس، اهل شوخی بی جا، شوخ طبع (به خصوص در زمانی که جای شوخی نیست)

🍭 (فازش چی اِس) که وسط صحبت های جدی من حرفای شوخی آمیز و بی جا میگه؟! 😜

📎 No facetious remarks, please!
شوخی بی جا نباشد لطفاً!
شوخی بی جا نکنید لطفاً!

📎 Stop being facetious; this is serious.
دست از شوخی بی جا بردار؛ موضوع جدی است.

📎 Her comment was facetious.
اظهار نظرش شوخی آمیز ( و بی جا) بود.

💠 Syn: comical, humorous, witty, jocular, flippant, tongue-in-cheek

@WordsCodes
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