WHY do ozone holes appear?
The ozone layer is located in the stratosphere about 25 kilometers above the Earth's surface. It protects our planet from the most active cosmic rays, which would kill all life on the planet without it.
Ozone holes are places where the layer is depleted. Nevertheless, more intense ultraviolet rays reach the planet through these gaps.
Again, humans are to blame for the ozone holes. By producing large quantities of chemicals, primarily chlorinated and fluorinated hydrocarbons that can slowly destroy ozone as they rise into the atmosphere.
The ozone layer is located in the stratosphere about 25 kilometers above the Earth's surface. It protects our planet from the most active cosmic rays, which would kill all life on the planet without it.
Ozone holes are places where the layer is depleted. Nevertheless, more intense ultraviolet rays reach the planet through these gaps.
Again, humans are to blame for the ozone holes. By producing large quantities of chemicals, primarily chlorinated and fluorinated hydrocarbons that can slowly destroy ozone as they rise into the atmosphere.
WHY do frogs squawk?
Only male frogs make squawking sounds. Quacking is a way to attract females during the mating season.
In order to make a squawking sound, a frog takes a deep breath, closes its nostrils and mouth, and presses air from its lungs to its mouth and back again. Passing through the vocal cords, the air stream touches them, they begin to vibrate, and a quacking sound is heard.
Only male frogs make squawking sounds. Quacking is a way to attract females during the mating season.
In order to make a squawking sound, a frog takes a deep breath, closes its nostrils and mouth, and presses air from its lungs to its mouth and back again. Passing through the vocal cords, the air stream touches them, they begin to vibrate, and a quacking sound is heard.
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WHY would a person not recognize their own voice on a recording?
Due to the superimposition of the two timbres.
A person's own voice normally reaches the ear in two ways: through the air and through the tissues of the body, primarily the bones. Owing to the different speed of sound in these media, the same original sound takes on a differing timbre.
In this case we hear a superposition of the "air" and "bone" timbres of the voice. And when listening to a recording, we hear only the "airy" component.
Due to the superimposition of the two timbres.
A person's own voice normally reaches the ear in two ways: through the air and through the tissues of the body, primarily the bones. Owing to the different speed of sound in these media, the same original sound takes on a differing timbre.
In this case we hear a superposition of the "air" and "bone" timbres of the voice. And when listening to a recording, we hear only the "airy" component.
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WHY amnesiacs do not forget their language and can speak?
The formation of speech occurs in a person up to 6 years old. Thus, the speech skill constitutes the core of the personality and reliably protected: The areas responsible for it are located deep, at the base of the parietal lobe of the brain.
Moreover, when it comes to speech, the two hemispheres are capable of duplicating each other in severe trauma. If one hemisphere suffers, the other takes over vital functions, including speech. In contrast, the area responsible for memory is located almost on the very surface of the cortex, it is less protected, so it is disconnected in case of amnesia.
The formation of speech occurs in a person up to 6 years old. Thus, the speech skill constitutes the core of the personality and reliably protected: The areas responsible for it are located deep, at the base of the parietal lobe of the brain.
Moreover, when it comes to speech, the two hemispheres are capable of duplicating each other in severe trauma. If one hemisphere suffers, the other takes over vital functions, including speech. In contrast, the area responsible for memory is located almost on the very surface of the cortex, it is less protected, so it is disconnected in case of amnesia.
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WHY is one of the proteins in the human eye named after Pikachu?
In 2008, Japanese scientists from the Osaka Institute of Biological Sciences discovered a protein playing a crucial role in transmitting signals between the ribbon synapses of the human eye's photoreceptors and dendrites.
They named the protein Pikachurin, after the lightning-speed movement and electrical abilities of the Pokémon Pikachu.
In 2008, Japanese scientists from the Osaka Institute of Biological Sciences discovered a protein playing a crucial role in transmitting signals between the ribbon synapses of the human eye's photoreceptors and dendrites.
They named the protein Pikachurin, after the lightning-speed movement and electrical abilities of the Pokémon Pikachu.
WHY does an LED bulb glow in the dark?
It is due to the fact that the lighting element, which is installed in the switching device, closes the circuit, accordingly passing a small current. It charges and allows the light bulb to glow when it is off.
Is this glow dangerous? No danger of this problem for wiring, but the life of the LED light bulbs will be markedly reduced if they are constantly flashing or glow dimly.
It is due to the fact that the lighting element, which is installed in the switching device, closes the circuit, accordingly passing a small current. It charges and allows the light bulb to glow when it is off.
Is this glow dangerous? No danger of this problem for wiring, but the life of the LED light bulbs will be markedly reduced if they are constantly flashing or glow dimly.
WHY do fireflies glow?
Bioluminescence for fireflies is a means of intersex communication.
Not only do the insects signal their location, but they also distinguish their partner by a specific flicker frequency.
Tropical and North American firefly species sometimes perform entire choral serenades for their mates, simultaneously flaring up and fading out as a flock. A pack of females responds to them with the same light music.
Bioluminescence for fireflies is a means of intersex communication.
Not only do the insects signal their location, but they also distinguish their partner by a specific flicker frequency.
Tropical and North American firefly species sometimes perform entire choral serenades for their mates, simultaneously flaring up and fading out as a flock. A pack of females responds to them with the same light music.
WHY does rubbing alcohol burn skin?
The reason is not that alcohol destroys bacteria, but due to the reaction it causes in the body.
When in contact with the skin, it irritates the receptors responsible for sensing temperature. Normally they are activated by elevated readings, but alcohol lowers their threshold of sensitivity to body temperature. The receptors feel that the body is being exposed to excessive temperatures and transmit a feeling of pain to the brain.
The reason is not that alcohol destroys bacteria, but due to the reaction it causes in the body.
When in contact with the skin, it irritates the receptors responsible for sensing temperature. Normally they are activated by elevated readings, but alcohol lowers their threshold of sensitivity to body temperature. The receptors feel that the body is being exposed to excessive temperatures and transmit a feeling of pain to the brain.
WHY are we getting air blown around when enter stores?
The main purpose of this action is to keep the air in the building at a constant temperature, preventing outdoor exposure at the entrance.
This practice is especially useful if the doors of the establishment must remain open. In this way, the flow of warm air in winter and cold air in summer protects the internal temperature of the establishment from drastic fluctuations. In addition, insects and debris from the street cannot get through the "air door".
The main purpose of this action is to keep the air in the building at a constant temperature, preventing outdoor exposure at the entrance.
This practice is especially useful if the doors of the establishment must remain open. In this way, the flow of warm air in winter and cold air in summer protects the internal temperature of the establishment from drastic fluctuations. In addition, insects and debris from the street cannot get through the "air door".
WHY does a boomerang return?
The boomerang's shape and the way it is thrown is such that in flight it is subjected to an aerodynamic force which is directed perpendicular to its trajectory.
Due to this, the boomerang does not fly straight ahead, but, like a curved ball, takes to the side and returns approximately along a circular trajectory.
Unless, of course, it hits its target on the way. But there are also such boomerangs, which fly straight ahead and use aerodynamics to increase the flight range.
The boomerang's shape and the way it is thrown is such that in flight it is subjected to an aerodynamic force which is directed perpendicular to its trajectory.
Due to this, the boomerang does not fly straight ahead, but, like a curved ball, takes to the side and returns approximately along a circular trajectory.
Unless, of course, it hits its target on the way. But there are also such boomerangs, which fly straight ahead and use aerodynamics to increase the flight range.
WHY are dreams so hard to remember?
The conditions of the brain during sleep do not allow the dream to be transferred to long-term memory upon awakening.
In addition, a lack of the hormone noradrenaline, which is responsible for long-term memory, also plays a role.
Another reason could be that neurons from the hippocampus do not work properly during the REM sleep phase, which prevents them from transferring information to other neurons, delivering sleep never stored in memory.
The conditions of the brain during sleep do not allow the dream to be transferred to long-term memory upon awakening.
In addition, a lack of the hormone noradrenaline, which is responsible for long-term memory, also plays a role.
Another reason could be that neurons from the hippocampus do not work properly during the REM sleep phase, which prevents them from transferring information to other neurons, delivering sleep never stored in memory.
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WHY do dogs drink toilet water?
Dogs are scavengers by nature. It's in their genes and has been for thousands of years.
A dog sees the world differently than a human. A dog's value system and its understanding of right and wrong is radically various from that of humans. For them, drinking from the toilet is not at all disgusting, but rather natural. The logic is simple: if you see a source of cool water, drink it.
The water in the toilet is always cool and clean, unless, of course, the toilet bowl itself is dirty. Cold, fresh water is preferable to room temperature water. In addition, the water we pour for our pets can sit in the bowl for several hours, and bits of food can accumulate there.
Also, the water in a metal or plastic bowl may have a tang of the material, making it less appealing to the pet.
Dogs are scavengers by nature. It's in their genes and has been for thousands of years.
A dog sees the world differently than a human. A dog's value system and its understanding of right and wrong is radically various from that of humans. For them, drinking from the toilet is not at all disgusting, but rather natural. The logic is simple: if you see a source of cool water, drink it.
The water in the toilet is always cool and clean, unless, of course, the toilet bowl itself is dirty. Cold, fresh water is preferable to room temperature water. In addition, the water we pour for our pets can sit in the bowl for several hours, and bits of food can accumulate there.
Also, the water in a metal or plastic bowl may have a tang of the material, making it less appealing to the pet.
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WHY is aluminum called the "winged" metal?
The main property of aluminum is its lightness. It is almost three times lighter than iron, more than three times lighter than copper, and four times lighter than lead. But aluminum itself is a soft metal.
To make aluminum stronger, metals such as zinc, copper, magnesium, and silicon are added to it. They make bridges and power lines and building structures much lighter.
This lightweight metal and its alloys are especially indispensable in the construction of aircraft, rockets and artificial satellites. Its use greatly reduces the weight of modern aircraft.
The main property of aluminum is its lightness. It is almost three times lighter than iron, more than three times lighter than copper, and four times lighter than lead. But aluminum itself is a soft metal.
To make aluminum stronger, metals such as zinc, copper, magnesium, and silicon are added to it. They make bridges and power lines and building structures much lighter.
This lightweight metal and its alloys are especially indispensable in the construction of aircraft, rockets and artificial satellites. Its use greatly reduces the weight of modern aircraft.
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WHY are "Arabic" numerals actually "Indian"?
Nowadays we use numbers that originated in India. They were once the initial letters of corresponding words in the ancient Indian language, Sanskrit (the "Devanagari" alphabet).
Devanagari numbering evolved into the decimal system. As early as the eighth century, this system penetrated into other countries: Indochina, China, Tibet, Iran, Central Asia. In the early ninth century, Muhammad of Khwarazm spread Indian numbering to the Arab countries.
These numbers came to Europe in the XII century and by the XVI century, thanks to its universality, became completely established there. As the "Devanagari" system came to Europeans from the Arabs, they called it "Arabian".
Nowadays we use numbers that originated in India. They were once the initial letters of corresponding words in the ancient Indian language, Sanskrit (the "Devanagari" alphabet).
Devanagari numbering evolved into the decimal system. As early as the eighth century, this system penetrated into other countries: Indochina, China, Tibet, Iran, Central Asia. In the early ninth century, Muhammad of Khwarazm spread Indian numbering to the Arab countries.
These numbers came to Europe in the XII century and by the XVI century, thanks to its universality, became completely established there. As the "Devanagari" system came to Europeans from the Arabs, they called it "Arabian".
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WHY do baby teeth fall out?
One important function of deciduous teeth is that they "point" to the molar teeth where they will erupt. If a baby tooth falls out prematurely, the permanent tooth "loses its bearings" and can grow crooked.
By the age of 6-7, these teeth will begin to erupt. This process is accompanied by the resorption of the roots of the baby teeth. This causes the baby teeth to loosen. When the shortened root can no longer hold the baby tooth in the hole, it falls out.
One important function of deciduous teeth is that they "point" to the molar teeth where they will erupt. If a baby tooth falls out prematurely, the permanent tooth "loses its bearings" and can grow crooked.
By the age of 6-7, these teeth will begin to erupt. This process is accompanied by the resorption of the roots of the baby teeth. This causes the baby teeth to loosen. When the shortened root can no longer hold the baby tooth in the hole, it falls out.
WHY shouldn't unwashed dishes be left overnight?
The thing is that the remains of food, which are certainly present on the dishes, overnight react with each other, begins the process of rotting. All of this combined, of course, leads to an unpleasant smell.
It is vital to realize that in dirty dishes overnight bacteria multiply, and even if you wash it until visually clean, there’s a possibility that some trace elements and germs will remain on the surface.
The thing is that the remains of food, which are certainly present on the dishes, overnight react with each other, begins the process of rotting. All of this combined, of course, leads to an unpleasant smell.
It is vital to realize that in dirty dishes overnight bacteria multiply, and even if you wash it until visually clean, there’s a possibility that some trace elements and germs will remain on the surface.
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WHY does a person sleepwalk at night?
People suffering from this disorder may "activate" at night during sleep if any irritant or stressful situation arises in the dream.
Under such conditions, people try to implement the actions they need in dreams in the real world. And they manage to do this because the so-called state of sleep paralysis is not in an active stage, which means that a person can get out of bed and perform the simplest actions.
People suffering from this disorder may "activate" at night during sleep if any irritant or stressful situation arises in the dream.
Under such conditions, people try to implement the actions they need in dreams in the real world. And they manage to do this because the so-called state of sleep paralysis is not in an active stage, which means that a person can get out of bed and perform the simplest actions.
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WHY is the Moon sometimes orange?
The rays of sunlight are known to include all existing colors. The Moon reflects sunlight and redirects it to Earth. But light still needs to break through our atmosphere before it can reach human eyes.
On its way to Earth's surface, sunlight is able to refract gases in the atmosphere, causing us to see the Moon in red, orange, or some other color when we look through a prism of sorts.
The rays of sunlight are known to include all existing colors. The Moon reflects sunlight and redirects it to Earth. But light still needs to break through our atmosphere before it can reach human eyes.
On its way to Earth's surface, sunlight is able to refract gases in the atmosphere, causing us to see the Moon in red, orange, or some other color when we look through a prism of sorts.