WHY does fire come in various colors? 🔥
The color of a fire is mainly determined by the temperature of the flame and what chemicals are burned in it.
The high temperature of the flame allows the atoms to jump to a higher energy state for a while.
When the atoms return to their original state, they emit light at a certain wavelength.
The color of a fire is mainly determined by the temperature of the flame and what chemicals are burned in it.
The high temperature of the flame allows the atoms to jump to a higher energy state for a while.
When the atoms return to their original state, they emit light at a certain wavelength.
WHY does a bruise appear and changes its color?
When a bump or bruise occurs, the capillaries are damaged. Blood flows from them into the surrounding soft tissues under the skin. Blood contains plenty of hemoglobin, giving it that bright red color.
White blood cells arrive at the site of the injury. They surround the site of the hemorrhage and begin to destroy the blood cells.
Destruction of hemoglobin produces decomposition products — biliverdin (green bile pigment) and bilirubin (yellow-red bile pigment).
When a bump or bruise occurs, the capillaries are damaged. Blood flows from them into the surrounding soft tissues under the skin. Blood contains plenty of hemoglobin, giving it that bright red color.
White blood cells arrive at the site of the injury. They surround the site of the hemorrhage and begin to destroy the blood cells.
Destruction of hemoglobin produces decomposition products — biliverdin (green bile pigment) and bilirubin (yellow-red bile pigment).
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WHY is a rainbow shaped like an arc?
A rainbow is an optical phenomenon, the result of the light rays refracting in water droplets when it rains 🌈
Not everyone is aware that a rainbow is a circle. Its center lies on a straight line that runs from the Sun through the observer. Seeing the optical phenomenon completely to a person standing on the ground is prevented by the horizon.
A rainbow is an optical phenomenon, the result of the light rays refracting in water droplets when it rains 🌈
Not everyone is aware that a rainbow is a circle. Its center lies on a straight line that runs from the Sun through the observer. Seeing the optical phenomenon completely to a person standing on the ground is prevented by the horizon.
WHY do volcanoes erupt?
A volcano erupts due to the degassing of magma.
Magma is a thick mass of molten rock with gases and water vapor. It accumulates in what are called magma pockets, which form as a result of the movement of lithospheric plates. They are most likely to be located along the collision line of the plates.
If liquid magma erupts to the Earth's surface, a volcanic eruption begins. Frequently, a volcanic eruption is accompanied by powerful explosions; these are caused by the degassing of magma and the explosion of combustible gases.
A volcano erupts due to the degassing of magma.
Magma is a thick mass of molten rock with gases and water vapor. It accumulates in what are called magma pockets, which form as a result of the movement of lithospheric plates. They are most likely to be located along the collision line of the plates.
If liquid magma erupts to the Earth's surface, a volcanic eruption begins. Frequently, a volcanic eruption is accompanied by powerful explosions; these are caused by the degassing of magma and the explosion of combustible gases.
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WHY does stomach rumble? 🐳
When the stomach is empty, gastric juice and gastric gases along with air move in the stomach cavity and interact with each other, resulting in a rumbling sound.
Why is there no such sound when the stomach is not empty? Cause food dampens it by pressing the contents of the stomach against its walls.
Frequent heavy rumbling in the stomach can be a sign of dysbacteriosis. While the rumbling of an empty stomach can be "soothed" by simply eating, dysbacteriosis must be treated.
When the stomach is empty, gastric juice and gastric gases along with air move in the stomach cavity and interact with each other, resulting in a rumbling sound.
Why is there no such sound when the stomach is not empty? Cause food dampens it by pressing the contents of the stomach against its walls.
Frequent heavy rumbling in the stomach can be a sign of dysbacteriosis. While the rumbling of an empty stomach can be "soothed" by simply eating, dysbacteriosis must be treated.
WHY does a person hiccup?
Hiccups are the result of regular ("pulsating") activity of the diaphragm nerve, which causes the diaphragm to contract in powerful and violent movements.
The bottleneck of the diaphragm is the center of the hiccups. When you eat in a hurry, when quite large pieces of food pass through the esophagus, the vagus nerve is injured: it is pressed and irritated.
The sound that occurs is the result of a sharp closure of the vocal cleft.
Hiccups are the result of regular ("pulsating") activity of the diaphragm nerve, which causes the diaphragm to contract in powerful and violent movements.
The bottleneck of the diaphragm is the center of the hiccups. When you eat in a hurry, when quite large pieces of food pass through the esophagus, the vagus nerve is injured: it is pressed and irritated.
The sound that occurs is the result of a sharp closure of the vocal cleft.
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WHY do we shiver when cold?
Shivering is the body's defensive response to a drop in body temperature.
When the temperature drops, biochemical reactions slow down, and the lower the temperature, the more likely they are to stop altogether.
The skeletal muscles of any warm-blooded animal, contracting, produce a certain amount of work, which results in the release of heat. Shivering allows us to correlate the expenditure of energy and the heat received.
Shivering is the body's defensive response to a drop in body temperature.
When the temperature drops, biochemical reactions slow down, and the lower the temperature, the more likely they are to stop altogether.
The skeletal muscles of any warm-blooded animal, contracting, produce a certain amount of work, which results in the release of heat. Shivering allows us to correlate the expenditure of energy and the heat received.
WHY do people turn gray?
Melanocytes, located in the hair follicle, are responsible for hair color. They synthesize hair pigments, and their combination determines hair color. Indeed, melanocytes themselves are formed from stem cells.
As we age, the hair follicles wear down. This is manifested by a decrease in the number of melanocytes in the hair follicles, as well as a decrease in the activity of the remaining melanocytes.
Melanocytes, located in the hair follicle, are responsible for hair color. They synthesize hair pigments, and their combination determines hair color. Indeed, melanocytes themselves are formed from stem cells.
As we age, the hair follicles wear down. This is manifested by a decrease in the number of melanocytes in the hair follicles, as well as a decrease in the activity of the remaining melanocytes.
WHY doesn't a lizard cherish its tail?
The process of tail dropping is completely regulated by the brain, not a reflex. When threatened, the muscles and ligaments in the immediate area contract, tear, and the tail separates.
However, this is stressful for the lizard. Without the tail, it is no longer as fast, may lose the ability to reproduce, runs and climbs poorly due to the lack of a "rudder".
Indeed, most importantly, many lizards tail serves to store fat and nutrients, which means that all their energy is concentrated in the tail. Therefore, after its detachment, the animal may die of exhaustion.
The process of tail dropping is completely regulated by the brain, not a reflex. When threatened, the muscles and ligaments in the immediate area contract, tear, and the tail separates.
However, this is stressful for the lizard. Without the tail, it is no longer as fast, may lose the ability to reproduce, runs and climbs poorly due to the lack of a "rudder".
Indeed, most importantly, many lizards tail serves to store fat and nutrients, which means that all their energy is concentrated in the tail. Therefore, after its detachment, the animal may die of exhaustion.
WHY does the orchestra conductor shake hands with the first violinist in concerts?
He does so primarily for the reason that the first violinist is the orchestra's tuning fork, the realization of the conductor's intent.
Interesting fact: Beethoven, recognizing the talent of Ludwig Spohr, invited him to be first violin in the famous musical ensemble in which he himself conducted. It was a tribute that endures to this day.
He does so primarily for the reason that the first violinist is the orchestra's tuning fork, the realization of the conductor's intent.
Interesting fact: Beethoven, recognizing the talent of Ludwig Spohr, invited him to be first violin in the famous musical ensemble in which he himself conducted. It was a tribute that endures to this day.
WHY do bees make honey?
Honey is vital to bee nutrition, especially in the winter.
To make honey, bees collect nectar from flowers. Since nectar contains a lot of water, bees have to work hard to dry it out. Also, bees add enzymes from their own bodies to the honey to turn the nectar into food and keep it from spoiling.
Honey is stored in the honeycomb for maturation. During ripening, the young bees transfer nectar from one cell to another several times, each time adding their own saliva. This honey is used as food by the bees as needed.
Honey is vital to bee nutrition, especially in the winter.
To make honey, bees collect nectar from flowers. Since nectar contains a lot of water, bees have to work hard to dry it out. Also, bees add enzymes from their own bodies to the honey to turn the nectar into food and keep it from spoiling.
Honey is stored in the honeycomb for maturation. During ripening, the young bees transfer nectar from one cell to another several times, each time adding their own saliva. This honey is used as food by the bees as needed.
WHY are sea currents affecting the weather?
The World Ocean plays a special role in creating the climate. Huge amounts of water accumulate here. Evaporation, heating and cooling have a permanent effect on cloudiness and winds.
Another important fact to consider is that the water of the oceans and seas is in constant motion: the upper and lower layers mix, strong currents move cold or warm water over vast distances, affecting the nature of the weather.
The World Ocean plays a special role in creating the climate. Huge amounts of water accumulate here. Evaporation, heating and cooling have a permanent effect on cloudiness and winds.
Another important fact to consider is that the water of the oceans and seas is in constant motion: the upper and lower layers mix, strong currents move cold or warm water over vast distances, affecting the nature of the weather.
WHY do amphibians not live in salt water?
Since amphibians' lungs do not fully supply them with oxygen, skin respiration, which requires a moist, thin skin, plays a major role.
Amphibians are highly sensitive to the absence of table salt in soil and water, which is specifically detrimental to the development of their eggs and larvae.
The concentration of salt in the skin cells of amphibians is less than in seawater.
And if an amphibian gets into seawater, then water from the skin cells will begin to flow out freely, as their skin is extremely permeable to water.
Since amphibians' lungs do not fully supply them with oxygen, skin respiration, which requires a moist, thin skin, plays a major role.
Amphibians are highly sensitive to the absence of table salt in soil and water, which is specifically detrimental to the development of their eggs and larvae.
The concentration of salt in the skin cells of amphibians is less than in seawater.
And if an amphibian gets into seawater, then water from the skin cells will begin to flow out freely, as their skin is extremely permeable to water.
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WHY do ozone holes appear?
The ozone layer is located in the stratosphere about 25 kilometers above the Earth's surface. It protects our planet from the most active cosmic rays, which would kill all life on the planet without it.
Ozone holes are places where the layer is depleted. Nevertheless, more intense ultraviolet rays reach the planet through these gaps.
Again, humans are to blame for the ozone holes. By producing large quantities of chemicals, primarily chlorinated and fluorinated hydrocarbons that can slowly destroy ozone as they rise into the atmosphere.
The ozone layer is located in the stratosphere about 25 kilometers above the Earth's surface. It protects our planet from the most active cosmic rays, which would kill all life on the planet without it.
Ozone holes are places where the layer is depleted. Nevertheless, more intense ultraviolet rays reach the planet through these gaps.
Again, humans are to blame for the ozone holes. By producing large quantities of chemicals, primarily chlorinated and fluorinated hydrocarbons that can slowly destroy ozone as they rise into the atmosphere.
WHY do frogs squawk?
Only male frogs make squawking sounds. Quacking is a way to attract females during the mating season.
In order to make a squawking sound, a frog takes a deep breath, closes its nostrils and mouth, and presses air from its lungs to its mouth and back again. Passing through the vocal cords, the air stream touches them, they begin to vibrate, and a quacking sound is heard.
Only male frogs make squawking sounds. Quacking is a way to attract females during the mating season.
In order to make a squawking sound, a frog takes a deep breath, closes its nostrils and mouth, and presses air from its lungs to its mouth and back again. Passing through the vocal cords, the air stream touches them, they begin to vibrate, and a quacking sound is heard.
WHY amnesiacs do not forget their language and can speak?
The formation of speech occurs in a person up to 6 years old. Thus, the speech skill constitutes the core of the personality and reliably protected: The areas responsible for it are located deep, at the base of the parietal lobe of the brain.
Moreover, when it comes to speech, the two hemispheres are capable of duplicating each other in severe trauma. If one hemisphere suffers, the other takes over vital functions, including speech. In contrast, the area responsible for memory is located almost on the very surface of the cortex, it is less protected, so it is disconnected in case of amnesia.
The formation of speech occurs in a person up to 6 years old. Thus, the speech skill constitutes the core of the personality and reliably protected: The areas responsible for it are located deep, at the base of the parietal lobe of the brain.
Moreover, when it comes to speech, the two hemispheres are capable of duplicating each other in severe trauma. If one hemisphere suffers, the other takes over vital functions, including speech. In contrast, the area responsible for memory is located almost on the very surface of the cortex, it is less protected, so it is disconnected in case of amnesia.
WHY is one of the proteins in the human eye named after Pikachu?
In 2008, Japanese scientists from the Osaka Institute of Biological Sciences discovered a protein playing a crucial role in transmitting signals between the ribbon synapses of the human eye's photoreceptors and dendrites.
They named the protein Pikachurin, after the lightning-speed movement and electrical abilities of the Pokémon Pikachu.
In 2008, Japanese scientists from the Osaka Institute of Biological Sciences discovered a protein playing a crucial role in transmitting signals between the ribbon synapses of the human eye's photoreceptors and dendrites.
They named the protein Pikachurin, after the lightning-speed movement and electrical abilities of the Pokémon Pikachu.
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WHY do store prices end in .99?
Ending the price at .99 is based on the theory we are used to reading from left to right, with the first digit sticking more into our brain than the next.
That's why a person is more likely to buy a product that costs 4.99 than 5, since subconsciously they know that 4 is less than 5, even though there's only a one-cent difference.
Ending the price at .99 is based on the theory we are used to reading from left to right, with the first digit sticking more into our brain than the next.
That's why a person is more likely to buy a product that costs 4.99 than 5, since subconsciously they know that 4 is less than 5, even though there's only a one-cent difference.
WHY do sloths tend to hang upside down?
In such a position, they relax. While doing so, it does not grasp a branch, but rather holds onto it passively, using powerful, curved claws. Sloths spend most of their lives in trees.
Resting and sleeping in other animals, in these conditions, requires either a nesting device or anatomical adaptations that prevent them from unclenching their paws and snapping off in their sleep. A sloth, on the other hand, clinging to a branch, remains in a completely relaxed state without the risk of falling.
Besides, in this position it is less vulnerable to attacks of its main enemy - the monkey-eagle.
In such a position, they relax. While doing so, it does not grasp a branch, but rather holds onto it passively, using powerful, curved claws. Sloths spend most of their lives in trees.
Resting and sleeping in other animals, in these conditions, requires either a nesting device or anatomical adaptations that prevent them from unclenching their paws and snapping off in their sleep. A sloth, on the other hand, clinging to a branch, remains in a completely relaxed state without the risk of falling.
Besides, in this position it is less vulnerable to attacks of its main enemy - the monkey-eagle.
WHY do trees need bark?
The bark protects the tree throughout its life.
The top coarse layer of bark protects the tree from drying out or freezing and keeps pests out, so it is essential to the tree. The bark is formed with a layer called cambium, located between the wood and the bark.
Throughout a tree's life, a thin layer of cambium forms new ones of bark and wood (bark on the outside, wood on the inside). Thanks to this coordinated work of the cambium, the tree grows upward and outward. The inner layer of bark is responsible for the movement of nutrients from the crown down to the flowers, fruits and roots.
Damage to the bark can kill a healthy tree as it then loses its protection from pests, cold and heat.
The bark protects the tree throughout its life.
The top coarse layer of bark protects the tree from drying out or freezing and keeps pests out, so it is essential to the tree. The bark is formed with a layer called cambium, located between the wood and the bark.
Throughout a tree's life, a thin layer of cambium forms new ones of bark and wood (bark on the outside, wood on the inside). Thanks to this coordinated work of the cambium, the tree grows upward and outward. The inner layer of bark is responsible for the movement of nutrients from the crown down to the flowers, fruits and roots.
Damage to the bark can kill a healthy tree as it then loses its protection from pests, cold and heat.
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