WHY are there 31 days in some months & 30 days in others?
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Such an order was adopted according to the Julian calendar, 45th century B.C. The scholar Sosigenes, by order of Julius Caesar, created a new calendar, a new system of chronology, where the year was counted 365 days and divided into 12 months. Six hours remained each year and were added every four years to the last month of the year, February.
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February was the last month of the year, so it just had the remaining number of days. Augustus did not want "his" month to be shorter than July (named after Julius) and cut one day off February.
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Actually the number of days in a month is based on the cycle of the Moon 29,5 days; January, March, May, July, August, October, December - 31 days; April, June, September, November - 30 days; February 28 and leap day 29.
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Such an order was adopted according to the Julian calendar, 45th century B.C. The scholar Sosigenes, by order of Julius Caesar, created a new calendar, a new system of chronology, where the year was counted 365 days and divided into 12 months. Six hours remained each year and were added every four years to the last month of the year, February.
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February was the last month of the year, so it just had the remaining number of days. Augustus did not want "his" month to be shorter than July (named after Julius) and cut one day off February.
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Actually the number of days in a month is based on the cycle of the Moon 29,5 days; January, March, May, July, August, October, December - 31 days; April, June, September, November - 30 days; February 28 and leap day 29.
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WHY do cartoon characters have 4 fingers on their hands?
Well, actually, for purely economic reasons. The thing is that drawing a five-fingered brush is a bit more difficult than its simplified version. And when it comes to warm, lamplight, frame-by-frame animation, an extra finger bursts a completely incommensurate amount of animator work.
It was for this reason that Walt Disney, who was not only an animator but also a prominent entrepreneur, cut off his characters' fingers, thereby saving a lot of money.
Disney's savings and the time of his animators went luckily not to the offshore, but to the quality of the studio's work. And the idea was so good that most cartoons still have four fingers to this day.
Well, actually, for purely economic reasons. The thing is that drawing a five-fingered brush is a bit more difficult than its simplified version. And when it comes to warm, lamplight, frame-by-frame animation, an extra finger bursts a completely incommensurate amount of animator work.
It was for this reason that Walt Disney, who was not only an animator but also a prominent entrepreneur, cut off his characters' fingers, thereby saving a lot of money.
Disney's savings and the time of his animators went luckily not to the offshore, but to the quality of the studio's work. And the idea was so good that most cartoons still have four fingers to this day.
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WHY is green a soothing color?
The positive effect of the color green on the human body is well known. Psychologists assert that if you want to find an environment conducive to calm, but also productive work, make sure that you are surrounded by as many green objects as possible.
Psychologists explain the beneficial effect of this color on the human body by the fact that we associate the shades of green with nature, with something alive and fresh.
The green background freshens up the working environment, makes it not so gloomy and sad. Conversely, the gray color will have a negative impact on the general well-being of the employee, and, consequently, on his work.
The positive effect of the color green on the human body is well known. Psychologists assert that if you want to find an environment conducive to calm, but also productive work, make sure that you are surrounded by as many green objects as possible.
Psychologists explain the beneficial effect of this color on the human body by the fact that we associate the shades of green with nature, with something alive and fresh.
The green background freshens up the working environment, makes it not so gloomy and sad. Conversely, the gray color will have a negative impact on the general well-being of the employee, and, consequently, on his work.
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WHY is it hard to drown in salt water just by lying on your back?
The immersion depth of an object depends on its specific gravity relative to the liquid. The specific gravity of the human body and water are almost identical.
But on an inhalation, the body weight becomes slightly less, and one can lie motionless on the surface of a lake, much less a salty sea. On exhalation, the specific gravity increases slightly due to a decrease in body volume, and a person sinks a little.
So as not to drown in calm water, lying on the back, it is enough to keep the air in the lungs, after exhaling immediately making a breath. This, however, requires some skill.
The immersion depth of an object depends on its specific gravity relative to the liquid. The specific gravity of the human body and water are almost identical.
But on an inhalation, the body weight becomes slightly less, and one can lie motionless on the surface of a lake, much less a salty sea. On exhalation, the specific gravity increases slightly due to a decrease in body volume, and a person sinks a little.
So as not to drown in calm water, lying on the back, it is enough to keep the air in the lungs, after exhaling immediately making a breath. This, however, requires some skill.
WHY wouldn't a passenger be able to land the plane if something happened to the pilots?
Let's assume a passenger has access to the cockpit.
Let's assume there is two-way communication with the ground and that they know how to use it, and that there is a pilot of that plane from the ground.
But still the chance is slim to none.
As one instructor who teaches retrained pilots said, even they get lost in the cockpit looking for the right buttons and levers, what about the passenger under stress!
Given the speed of the plane and the rapidity of the action and the fact that leaving for the second circle would be an even greater ordeal, so the passenger would not be able to land the plane.
Let's assume a passenger has access to the cockpit.
Let's assume there is two-way communication with the ground and that they know how to use it, and that there is a pilot of that plane from the ground.
But still the chance is slim to none.
As one instructor who teaches retrained pilots said, even they get lost in the cockpit looking for the right buttons and levers, what about the passenger under stress!
Given the speed of the plane and the rapidity of the action and the fact that leaving for the second circle would be an even greater ordeal, so the passenger would not be able to land the plane.
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WHY can't a tick bite through a tights?
A tick can bite through pantyhose if it puts its proboscis between their threads. But it won't. The fact is that ixodes ticks have no vision, and when they move around the victim's body, they choose a place to bite mainly by touch.
They don't perceive a tissue-covered area as suitable for feeding and look for bare skin. But the mite can get under pantyhose, if they have a hole in them.
A tick can bite through pantyhose if it puts its proboscis between their threads. But it won't. The fact is that ixodes ticks have no vision, and when they move around the victim's body, they choose a place to bite mainly by touch.
They don't perceive a tissue-covered area as suitable for feeding and look for bare skin. But the mite can get under pantyhose, if they have a hole in them.
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WHY is the fruit green at first and then changes color?
Photosynthesis continues in the newly formed fruit, meaning the chlorophyll pigment, which has a green color, is present. As the fruit matures, the chlorophyll breaks down and the synthesis of pigments of other colors intensifies in the fruit. This attracts animals, which contribute to the spread of the seeds.
The contrasting color against the green foliage serves to encourage animals to find the ripe fruits without touching the unripe ones.
Photosynthesis continues in the newly formed fruit, meaning the chlorophyll pigment, which has a green color, is present. As the fruit matures, the chlorophyll breaks down and the synthesis of pigments of other colors intensifies in the fruit. This attracts animals, which contribute to the spread of the seeds.
The contrasting color against the green foliage serves to encourage animals to find the ripe fruits without touching the unripe ones.
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WHY are clouds white at night?
Clouds are made up of water droplets and ice crystals, which are colorless and only partially scatter light hitting them.
At night, low clouds will look whiter than the sky when there is a lot of city light. In contrast, in a dark area, clouds obscure the faint glow of the night sky and look black.
Clouds are made up of water droplets and ice crystals, which are colorless and only partially scatter light hitting them.
At night, low clouds will look whiter than the sky when there is a lot of city light. In contrast, in a dark area, clouds obscure the faint glow of the night sky and look black.
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WHY is there not a single bridge across the Amazon?
No urgent enough necessity.
The fact is that the Amazon, for most of its 6,920 kilometers, passes through sparsely populated areas, meaning that there are very few major roads to which any bridge could be connected. And in the cities and towns bordering the river, boats and ferries are a common means of moving goods and people from shore to shore. So there is no real need to build bridges, except to make travel a little faster and safer.
Beyond that, however, the Amazon is far from an ideal place for any construction. It is very swampy and has soft soil. Construction required very deep foundations, which require a significant financial investment. The river is also greatly affected by seasonal fluctuations, and that adds an extra level of difficulty.
No urgent enough necessity.
The fact is that the Amazon, for most of its 6,920 kilometers, passes through sparsely populated areas, meaning that there are very few major roads to which any bridge could be connected. And in the cities and towns bordering the river, boats and ferries are a common means of moving goods and people from shore to shore. So there is no real need to build bridges, except to make travel a little faster and safer.
Beyond that, however, the Amazon is far from an ideal place for any construction. It is very swampy and has soft soil. Construction required very deep foundations, which require a significant financial investment. The river is also greatly affected by seasonal fluctuations, and that adds an extra level of difficulty.
WHY is a watermelon called a berry?
The scientific definition of a berry.
According to the botanical classification of fruit, a berry is a multiseeded fruit with a relatively thin leathery shell, juicy flesh and seeds in a hard rind.
Watermelon and other fruits of the pumpkin family - melon, pumpkin, cucumber - meet all these conditions, so in terms of botany it is a berry.
The scientific definition of a berry.
According to the botanical classification of fruit, a berry is a multiseeded fruit with a relatively thin leathery shell, juicy flesh and seeds in a hard rind.
Watermelon and other fruits of the pumpkin family - melon, pumpkin, cucumber - meet all these conditions, so in terms of botany it is a berry.
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WHY did an American swimmer make the entire Soviet team wear a mustache?
Multiple Olympic swimming champion Mark Spitz of the United States was famous, among other things, for his unchanging mustache.
According to Spitz's own story, one day the coach of the Soviet team asked if the mustache slowed him down in the water. The athlete jokingly replied that, on the contrary, the mustache drains water from his mouth, helping the body to be more streamlined, and in the end, it only increases speed.
The next year, all Soviet swimmers arrived at the next international competition with mustaches.
Multiple Olympic swimming champion Mark Spitz of the United States was famous, among other things, for his unchanging mustache.
According to Spitz's own story, one day the coach of the Soviet team asked if the mustache slowed him down in the water. The athlete jokingly replied that, on the contrary, the mustache drains water from his mouth, helping the body to be more streamlined, and in the end, it only increases speed.
The next year, all Soviet swimmers arrived at the next international competition with mustaches.
WHY did Morse leave painting and begin developing the telegraph?
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Samuel Morse was a painter until he was 34 and had no interest in technology. In 1825 a messenger delivered a letter from his father telling him that his wife was dying. Morse immediately left Washington and went to New Haven, where his family lived, but by the time he arrived his wife had already been buried.
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This incident caused Morse to leave painting and delve into the study of ways to deliver messages quickly over long distances, leading to the development of Morse code and the electric telegraph in 1838.
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Samuel Morse was a painter until he was 34 and had no interest in technology. In 1825 a messenger delivered a letter from his father telling him that his wife was dying. Morse immediately left Washington and went to New Haven, where his family lived, but by the time he arrived his wife had already been buried.
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This incident caused Morse to leave painting and delve into the study of ways to deliver messages quickly over long distances, leading to the development of Morse code and the electric telegraph in 1838.
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WHY do dogs enjoy chewing on bones?
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They are genetically minded. The ancestors of modern dogs had group hunting as their only opportunity to catch large prey on the plains. Animals with large teeth and strong jaws had a better chance of success in hunting.
For example, it was easier for them to get a dead grip on the leg of a running animal. Beneficial features of the structure were passed on genetically to the next generations.
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Over time, however, dogs lost the need for constant hunting. They also ceased to belong to the class of top predators and can now consume a variety of foods. But the ancestral legacy of sharp teeth and powerful chewing muscles is still with them.
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They are genetically minded. The ancestors of modern dogs had group hunting as their only opportunity to catch large prey on the plains. Animals with large teeth and strong jaws had a better chance of success in hunting.
For example, it was easier for them to get a dead grip on the leg of a running animal. Beneficial features of the structure were passed on genetically to the next generations.
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Over time, however, dogs lost the need for constant hunting. They also ceased to belong to the class of top predators and can now consume a variety of foods. But the ancestral legacy of sharp teeth and powerful chewing muscles is still with them.
WHY do dogs twist in one place before they go to sleep?
Numerous dog owners notice that their pets twist in one place before they go to sleep. Experts say that this strange and slightly amusing ritual is most likely related to the habits of their canine ancestors, who lived in the wild.
Turning around completely in one place is the animal's subconscious way of mashing up grass and leaves to get some sort of nest to sleep in.
The wild ancestors of domestic dogs slept outdoors, so they weren't always warm and safe. If the grass, leaves, or snow were tucked in, a much cozier and more comfy place to sleep would result. Perhaps the dog does a lap before going to sleep to feel safer.
Numerous dog owners notice that their pets twist in one place before they go to sleep. Experts say that this strange and slightly amusing ritual is most likely related to the habits of their canine ancestors, who lived in the wild.
Turning around completely in one place is the animal's subconscious way of mashing up grass and leaves to get some sort of nest to sleep in.
The wild ancestors of domestic dogs slept outdoors, so they weren't always warm and safe. If the grass, leaves, or snow were tucked in, a much cozier and more comfy place to sleep would result. Perhaps the dog does a lap before going to sleep to feel safer.
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WHY does everything seem to be spinning around after rotation?
The oculomotor apparatus and brain visual centers are adjusted so that the image on the retina remains stable during any rotation of the head. Therefore, even while the body is rotating, the surrounding world is perceived as stationary.
Partly, the reason for this is the anticipatory movement of the eyes, and partly because the visual centers correct for speed and direction of movement when processing the signals that come to the brain.
This system cannot readjust instantly after the rotation stops, the compensatory effect lasts for some time, and everything around seems to keep spinning.
The oculomotor apparatus and brain visual centers are adjusted so that the image on the retina remains stable during any rotation of the head. Therefore, even while the body is rotating, the surrounding world is perceived as stationary.
Partly, the reason for this is the anticipatory movement of the eyes, and partly because the visual centers correct for speed and direction of movement when processing the signals that come to the brain.
This system cannot readjust instantly after the rotation stops, the compensatory effect lasts for some time, and everything around seems to keep spinning.
WHY do airplanes not fly in a straight line, but in an arc or in zigzags?
Planes consume a lot of fuel. For example, a Boeing 747 can spend up to 11 tons of fuel in an hour of flight, and during takeoff the consumption increases several times more. It immediately suggests that the shorter the distance, the better and more economical the flight. As you know, the shortest route is a straight line.
Visually, this route appears to be an arc. In fact, the arc is a straight line for an airplane from point A to point B. That is, the trajectory looks curved. This is because the earth is round and the map on the screen is flat. The closer to the poles, the greater the distortion.
But then why the zigzags? It's because of the special rules of flight, which require pilots to stick to certain routes. Routes are constructed based on many factors, such as aircraft type and weather conditions.
Planes consume a lot of fuel. For example, a Boeing 747 can spend up to 11 tons of fuel in an hour of flight, and during takeoff the consumption increases several times more. It immediately suggests that the shorter the distance, the better and more economical the flight. As you know, the shortest route is a straight line.
Visually, this route appears to be an arc. In fact, the arc is a straight line for an airplane from point A to point B. That is, the trajectory looks curved. This is because the earth is round and the map on the screen is flat. The closer to the poles, the greater the distortion.
But then why the zigzags? It's because of the special rules of flight, which require pilots to stick to certain routes. Routes are constructed based on many factors, such as aircraft type and weather conditions.
WHY does the so-called "taarof" play an important role in Iranian culture?
Taarof is a complex set of unwritten rules of ritual politeness in social interaction
We can observe one example of taarof when the host of a house is obliged to offer the guest anything he potentially wants, and the guest, in turn, is obliged to refuse. Each offer must be repeated several times (usually three), and then the parties somehow determine whether the offer and refusal were sincere or not, and act on the situation.
And it is ubiquitous in monetary relations as well: salespeople, cab drivers, and other service providers will refuse to accept payment, but that does not mean that the buyer has the right to really not pay.
Taarof is a complex set of unwritten rules of ritual politeness in social interaction
We can observe one example of taarof when the host of a house is obliged to offer the guest anything he potentially wants, and the guest, in turn, is obliged to refuse. Each offer must be repeated several times (usually three), and then the parties somehow determine whether the offer and refusal were sincere or not, and act on the situation.
And it is ubiquitous in monetary relations as well: salespeople, cab drivers, and other service providers will refuse to accept payment, but that does not mean that the buyer has the right to really not pay.
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WHY does boiled water taste different from raw water?
All water, except distilled water and rainwater, contains salts.
During boiling some of them, especially calcium and magnesium salts, react with other substances dissolved in water and turn into an insoluble sediment (scale).
The taste of the liquid also alters due to changes in the composition of the trace contaminants.
All water, except distilled water and rainwater, contains salts.
During boiling some of them, especially calcium and magnesium salts, react with other substances dissolved in water and turn into an insoluble sediment (scale).
The taste of the liquid also alters due to changes in the composition of the trace contaminants.
WHY do people in Japan suffer discrimination because of blood type?
The Japanese pay a great deal of attention to a person's blood type, believing that it determines one's character.
The first blood type is associated with determination and self-confidence, the second - with reliability and self-confidence, the third - with intelligence and ambition, and the fourth - with poise, rationality and demandingness.
For many Japanese, blood type is one of the criteria for choosing a dating partner, and for employers it can be an additional factor in approving or rejecting an applicant.
The Japanese pay a great deal of attention to a person's blood type, believing that it determines one's character.
The first blood type is associated with determination and self-confidence, the second - with reliability and self-confidence, the third - with intelligence and ambition, and the fourth - with poise, rationality and demandingness.
For many Japanese, blood type is one of the criteria for choosing a dating partner, and for employers it can be an additional factor in approving or rejecting an applicant.
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