🇺🇦 - 🇷🇺 is exactly the same MAFIA like 🇮🇱 - 🇵🇸!
https://t.me/DefenceTelegram/1403
https://t.me/DefenceTelegram/1392

🇮🇱 Israel and 🇵🇸 Palestine for gas / oil and other things!
https://t.me/IsraelPollution/229
https://t.me/IsraelPollution/4

Same for 🇺🇦 Ukraine - 🇷🇺 Russia
https://t.me/IsraelPollution/247

In 2017, the world’s total steel production was 1689.4 Mt (Figure 2), and the top 10 steel producers included China (831.7 Mt), Japan (104.7 Mt), India (101.4 Mt), the United States, (81.6 Mt), Russia (71.3 Mt), South Korea (71.0 Mt), Germany (43.4 Mt), Turkey (37.5 Mt), Brazil (34.4 Mt), Italy (24.1 Mt), Ukraine (21.3 Mt).

In the conditions of blocked ports, Ukrainian exports were reoriented to European markets, where 63% of domestic production worth $27.9 billion (+4.1% by 2021) went, in particular, to the following countries:

Poland – $6.6 billion;
Romania – $3.8 billion;
Hungary – $2.27 billion;
Germany – $2.23 billion https://perma.cc/QJJ9-PB4B

In addition to European countries, Turkiye ($2.9 billion) and China ($2.46 billion) remained Ukraine’s major foreign trade partners, but exports to these countries fell by 29% and 69%, respectively.

Where the U.S. Gets its Steel https://perma.cc/JMQ2-UF2P

Problems: Export is blocked because of closed Ukrainian ports. Land and river exports to the EU countries account for less than 20% of the capacity of Ukrainian ports and less than 35% of the minimum required rate of monthly exports, according to the estimations made by the Ukrainian Club of Agrarian Business https://perma.cc/SGT6-ZXXB

But Ukrainian exports are not limited to grain. The country is also known for its metallurgical complex, mineral products, transportation services, unique IT services, and even honey
https://t.me/DefenceTelegram/1392

Deutschen Importe https://perma.cc/ER27-XRQS

Because countries are always interested if there is something related to money! otherwise they would give a shit!

But yes, let we talk about UNRWA ...
https://t.me/InPrisonNOW/7
https://t.me/UNRWATelegram/53

In this analysis we have estimated a reduction in the total, pre-war emissions during the first 18 months of the war to be 158 MtCO2-eq. At the same time, 18 months of war resulted in additional 77 Mt CO2-eq. of emissions.

Our estimate of the war-related emissions of CO2, CH4 and N2O for the first 18 months of the war in Ukraine is 77 MtCO2-eq., with the symmetric interval of combined relative uncertainty estimated to be +/– 22 % (95 % confidence interval), with a standard deviation σ = 8.804 MtCO2-eq.

The Ukrainian Environmental Protection Minister was quoted on October 18, 2022 with an estimate of 31 MtCO2-eq. emissions for the first 7 months of war (Birnbaum, 2022), but without specifying the structure of these emissions. de Klerk et al. (2023) show the numbers as 21.9 MtCO2-eq. from warfare and 19.7 MtCO2-eq. from res, but this only covers the first 12 months of the war, and the same war-related emission processes and accounting boundaries are not always considered.

We estimated CO2 emissions from forest fires during 18 months of the war to be 16.73 MtCO2-eq. (+/− 44.2 %), including 14.84 Mt of CO2, 44.5 kt of CH4, and 2.46 kt of N2O

Regarding emissions from fires of agricultural lands, we estimated these to be 6.46 MtCO2-eq. (+/− 84.7 %), including 5.73 Mt of CO2, 17.2 kt of CH4, and 0.95 kt of N2O.

According to the NIR submitted by Ukraine in 2023 the total GHG emissions/removals for 2021, in all sectors, amounted to 224.2 Mt CO2, 2862 kt CH4, and 147.0 kt N2O, with a total of 339.

Based on the emissions of this sector in 2021 (NIRU, 2023), it is possible to estimate the reduction of emissions in the public electricity and heat production sector in 2022 to be 27.1 MtCO2-eq. (27.0 MtCO2, 1.2 ktCH4, and 0.38 ktN2O). Given that this reduction occurred over a period of 311 days, starting on February 24, 2022, we roughly estimated the reduction of emissions in the public power and heat production sector during the first 18 months of the war (from February 24, 2022 to August 23, 2023) to be 47.7 MtCO2-eq.

Petroleum storage depots throughout Ukraine were destroyed by missile attacks. During the first 18 months of the war the fires occurred at more than 30 major oil depots in many regions.

The largest oil re neries of Ukraine were also destroyed: Kremenchutsk (capacity of 18.6 million tons of oil per year), Lysychansk (16 million tons), Kherson, and Odesa.

On this basis, the total GHG emissions caused by fires at all these facilities during 18 months of the war was calculated as 5.43 MtCO2-eq. (+/– 20.3 %), including 5.41 Mt of CO2, 210 t of CH4, and 42.1 t of N2O.

In 2014, three Ukrainian provinces/oblasts were occupied by the Russian Federation: 1.) Autonomous Republic of Crimea and Sevastopol city (area 26,861 km2); 2.) Donetsk oblast (8062 km2); and 3.) Lugansk oblast (8377 km2). The total area of these territories not controlled by Ukraine after 2014 was more than 43,300 km2, which is greater than the area of the Netherlands (41,500 km2). Moreover, the latter two regions are highly industrialized. Large power plants, metallurgical plants, coke plants, hard coal mines, etc. are located in these regions.
https://t.me/EuropaFacts/4
to
https://t.me/EuropaFacts/25

Coke plants located in the eastern part of Ukraine practically did not work starting from February 24, 2022. Based on the emissions of this sector in 2021 (NIRU, 2023), we calculated the reduction of emissions in 2022 to be 3.25 MtCO2-eq., and for the first 18 months of the war to be 5.71 MtCO2-eq.

The total emissions of CO2 from the use of fossil fuels amounted to 159.7 Mt.

We do not have complete input data on what the restoration of Ukraine will include, but even with simplified estimates based on the area of destroyed buildings (approx. 0.3t CO2 eq./m2) and the length of destroyed roads (approx. 65 t CO2 eq./km of road) we get to emissions in the order of 600 million tons of CO2 eq.
https://t.me/IsraelPollution/3

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