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Parts of speech:

1. Noun:
   - Definition: A noun is a word that names a person, place, thing, or idea.
   - Example: dog, city, happiness, teacher.

2. Verb:
   - Definition: A verb is a word that expresses an action, occurrence, or state of being.
   - Example: run, learn, is, play.

3. Adjective:
   - Definition: An adjective is a word that describes or modifies a noun, giving more information about it.
   - Example: happy, blue, tall, friendly.

4. Adverb:
   - Definition: An adverb is a word that modifies a verb, adjective, or another adverb, indicating manner, place, time, or degree.
   - Example: quickly, very, here, often.

5. Pronoun:
   - Definition: A pronoun is a word that takes the place of a noun to avoid repetition.
   - Example: he, she, it, they.

6. Preposition:
   - Definition: A preposition is a word that shows the relationship between a noun (or pronoun) and other words in a sentence.
   - Example: in, on, under, between.

7. Conjunction:
   - Definition: A conjunction is a word that connects words, phrases, or clauses in a sentence.
   - Example: and, but, or, because.

8. Interjection:
   - Definition: An interjection is a word or phrase that expresses strong emotion or surprise, often as a standalone expression.
   - Example: Wow! Ouch! Yikes!