1. NEFT (National Electronic Funds Transfer)

RBI dwara operated electronic fund transfer system.
One-to-one fund transfer ke liye use hota hai.
24×7 available (including holidays).
No minimum amount limit.
Maximum limit: RBI ne koi limit prescribe nahi ki (bank apni limit laga sakta hai).
Settlement: Half-hourly batches (batch-wise settlement).
Chhote aur medium value transactions ke liye suitable.
Beneficiary ko amount batch ke next settlement cycle me mil jata hai.
Shortcut:

NEFT = No minimum limit + Batch-wise settlement.

2. RTGS (Real Time Gross Settlement)

RBI dwara operated high-value fund transfer system.
24×7 available.
Minimum amount: ₹2 lakh.
Maximum amount: RBI ne koi upper limit prescribe nahi ki (bank apni limit set kar sakta hai).
Settlement: Real-time aur individual basis par (Gross basis).
High-value aur urgent transactions ke liye suitable.
Fund transfer hote hi beneficiary account me credit ho jata hai.
Shortcut:

RTGS = Real Time + Gross + High Value (₹2 lakh and above).

Category Overdue Period

SMA-0 1–30 days
SMA-1 31–60 days
SMA-2 61–90 days

STANDARD ASSETS (Performing Assets)

Aise loans jisme borrower regular principal aur interest time par pay kar raha ho.
Koi default nahi hua hota.

Risk level: Low
Provisioning (Banks): Around 0.25%–1% (asset category ke hisab se)

STRESSED ASSETS

Sabhi aise assets jahan repayment me problem aa rahi ho ya aane ki possibility ho.
Isme include hote hain:

NPAs (Non-Performing Assets)
Restructured Loans
Written-off Assets
Risk level: Medium to High

Hypothecation is the practice of pledging an asset as security for a loan without transferring ownership or possession of the asset to the lender.
Example
When you take a car loan:
You own and use the car.
The car is pledged to the bank as security.
If you fail to repay the loan, the bank has the legal right to seize and sell the car to recover its money.
This arrangement is called hypothecation.

khaan khand
TYPO

khaan hai krke kazakistan laga dia
ye hi toh exam me bhi ho jata hai🥹🤣

asset size dekh lo

MAY MONTH RBI NEWS 2026

Source- AffairsCloud [now Career cloud]

✅RBI Eases Rules for Small NBFCs, Grants Exemptions from July 1, 2026
NBFCs that do not avail of public funds and do not have a customer interface and have an asset size of less than Rs 1,000 crore (Crs) from the requirement of registration with the RBI.
• These entities will be classified as ‘Unregistered Type I NBFCs’, while all other NBFCs will be categorised as ‘Type II NBFCs’.
—given a one-time window to apply for deregistration by December 31, 2026
—The deregistration application is to be made through the RBI’s PRAVAAH portal.

✅RBI Allows Banks to Implement Suo Motu Loan Resolution in Calamities — effect from 1 July 2026.
—allowed banks and non-bank lenders to implement
—recommendation of the State Level Bankers’ Committee (SLBC).

✅RBI Imposes Penalties on YES Bank, Hinduja Housing Finance
Rs 33.60 lakh including Rs 31.80 lakh (YES Bank) and Rs 1.80 Lakh (Hinduja HousingFinance) for KYC non compliance.

✅RBI Cancels Licence of Mumbai-based Sarvodaya Co-operative Bank
under Sections 22(4) and 56 of the Banking Regulation Act, 1949.
—> due to Inadequate capital and poor earning prospects.

✅RBI Removes Prior Approval Requirement for Banks’ Outward Remittance Tie-ups with Fintechs (non bank entities)

✅RBI Amends Directions on Investment Fluctuation Reserves for Various Bank Categories
(IFR): It is a reserve created by banks out of their profits to absorb losses from mark-to-market (MTM) valuation changes in investments, to maintain to protect themselves against depreciation in the value of their investment portfolios.]
— » the requirement of IFR has been discontinued because the existing capital and risk management norms already provide adequate protection against investment risks.
—» applicable to Commercial banks (CB) and foreign banks (FB) only

✅RBI Imposes Regulatory Restrictions on Nagar Sahakari Bank, Caps Withdrawals at Rs 10,000 -for a period of six months
—> Etawah(Uttar Pradesh, UP)-based co-operative bank
—> restrictions due to deteriorating financial conditions and supervisory concerns.
—> No fresh deposits, loans, or borrowings without RBI approval
⚠️restrictions imposed on the bank should not be construed as cancellation of the banking licence.

✅RBI Cancels Licence of Yashwant Co-operative Bank in Maharashtra
Reason: Poor financial health, inadequate capital, and regulatory violations.

✅RBI Declared Rs 2.87 lakh Crore Dividend to GoI for FY26
—»higher than last year’s transfer of Rs 2.69 lakh crore
—» during the 623rd meeting of the Central Board of Directors (CBoDs) of RBI, chaired by Dr. Sanjay Malhotra, Governor of RBI in Mumbai

✅RBI Imposes Monetary Penalties on —
City Union Bank Limited (CUB), Mintifi Finserve Private Limited, and Newa Investments Private Limited for non-compliance with various regulatory directions.
✓ Rs 10.10 lakh on City Union Bank
✓ Rs 3.10 lakh on Mintifi Finserve
✓ Rs 2.70 lakh on Newa Investments.

✅RBI amends directions for UCBs, RCBs director cooling-off period — a mandatory three-year cooling-off period for directors who complete 10 years of continuous tenure on the board. — with immediate effect.
—» As per the latest amendment, directors completing a continuous tenure of 10 years on the board of a UCB, StCB or CCB will be eligible for re-appointment to the same bank’s board only after undergoing a minimum cooling-off period of 3 years.
Restrictions: During the 3 year cooling off period, the former director shall not be associated with the
same bank in any capacity or manner other than as a member or customer

✅RBI Sets up Expert Committee to Examine role of Quantum Tech in FinTech — to prepare a roadmap for making India’s financial ecosystem secure against future quantum-related cyber threats.
The committee has been formed under the initiative called Quantum Secure and Adaptive Financial Ecosystem (Q-SAFE).
eight-member expert panel under the leadership of Dr Anil Prabhakar,professor, at the Department of Electrical Engineering, IIT Madras. — Convener.

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