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MARGIN TRADING FUNDING (MTF) โ€“ Quick Notes

MTF me broker aapko paise udhaar dekar shares kharidne me madad karta hai.
Aap kuch paisa (margin) lagate ho, baaki broker fund karta hai.
Isse kam paise me zyada shares kharide ja sakte hain (leverage).
Broker ke fund par interest dena padta hai.
Shares loan chukane tak broker ke paas pledge rehte hain.
Regulated by: SEBI
Example
Aap โ‚น40,000 lagate ho, broker โ‚น60,000 deta hai โ†’ Total โ‚น1,00,000 ke shares kharid sakte ho.
One-liner:
MTF = Broker se loan lekar shares kharidne ki facility.
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1. NEFT (National Electronic Funds Transfer)

RBI dwara operated electronic fund transfer system.
One-to-one fund transfer ke liye use hota hai.
24ร—7 available (including holidays).
No minimum amount limit.
Maximum limit: RBI ne koi limit prescribe nahi ki (bank apni limit laga sakta hai).
Settlement: Half-hourly batches (batch-wise settlement).
Chhote aur medium value transactions ke liye suitable.
Beneficiary ko amount batch ke next settlement cycle me mil jata hai.
Shortcut:

NEFT = No minimum limit + Batch-wise settlement.
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2. RTGS (Real Time Gross Settlement)

RBI dwara operated high-value fund transfer system.
24ร—7 available.
Minimum amount: โ‚น2 lakh.
Maximum amount: RBI ne koi upper limit prescribe nahi ki (bank apni limit set kar sakta hai).
Settlement: Real-time aur individual basis par (Gross basis).
High-value aur urgent transactions ke liye suitable.
Fund transfer hote hi beneficiary account me credit ho jata hai.
Shortcut:

RTGS = Real Time + Gross + High Value (โ‚น2 lakh and above).
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TO DO -

Daily Po Pre mocks + Analysis
Mains Batch LR+QA
Weekly EN Mains sectional + Analysis
GA daily + Revision of past months

August se ๐Ÿ dank maaro exam ko
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ASSET stages


Special Mention Account (SMA)
โ†“
NPA (>90 days overdue)
โ†“
Sub-Standard Asset
โ†“
Doubtful Asset
โ†“
Loss Asset
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2. NON-PERFORMING ASSET (NPA)

Interest ya principal 90 days se zyada overdue ho.
Asset NPA category me aa jata hai.
3. SUB-STANDARD ASSET

Asset jo NPA bane hue โ‰ค 12 months ho.
Recovery possible hai, but risk badh gaya hai.

4. DOUBTFUL ASSET

Asset jo 12 months se zyada Sub-standard category me raha ho.
Recovery highly uncertain hoti hai.

5. LOSS ASSET

Asset identified by bank/RBI/auditor as uncollectible, although amount may not yet be fully written off.
Recovery ki possibility bahut kam ya negligible hoti hai.
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0โ€“90 days overdue
โ†“
SMA-0 (1โ€“30 days)
SMA-1 (31โ€“60 days)
SMA-2 (61โ€“90 days)
โ†“
>90 days overdue
โ†“
NPA
โ†“
Sub-standard (up to 12 months)
โ†“
Doubtful (>12 months as Sub-standard)
โ†“
Loss Asset
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STANDARD ASSETS (Performing Assets)

Aise loans jisme borrower regular principal aur interest time par pay kar raha ho.
Koi default nahi hua hota.
Risk level: Low
Provisioning (Banks): Around 0.25%โ€“1% (asset category ke hisab se)

STRESSED ASSETS

Sabhi aise assets jahan repayment me problem aa rahi ho ya aane ki possibility ho.
Isme include hote hain:
NPAs (Non-Performing Assets)
Restructured Loans
Written-off Assets
Risk level: Medium to High
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Hypothecation is the practice of pledging an asset as security for a loan without transferring ownership or possession of the asset to the lender.
Example
When you take a car loan:
You own and use the car.
The car is pledged to the bank as security.
If you fail to repay the loan, the bank has the legal right to seize and sell the car to recover its money.
This arrangement is called hypothecation.
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