،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،:have low solubility in lipids. They therefore have limited penetration through the intact BBB under normal circumstances.

A high degree of protein binding restricts drug entry into the CSF.

Poor kidney function causes………….. ?

Antibiotics that are eliminated by the liver

lower limbs of a diabetic, ……….. the amount of antibiotic that reaches that area.

chloramphenicol and sulfonamides have a………… on Neonates

Most antibiotics cross the placenta, some can produce serous adverse effects to the fetus like……………………. (tooth dysplasia and inhibition of bone growth).

A……………. may causes gray baby syndrome)

The penicillins is a…………. selectivity,while chloramphenicol…………….. selectivity

vancomycin and aminoglycosides are poorly absorbed from the GIT

Example for Narrow-spectrum antibiotics…………………. is active only against mycobacteria

G -ve organisms are resistant to vancomycin.

most resistance genes are plasmid mediated

Parasite that can be found in lung :

Cyst of geardia lambila is

In compare between G.lamblia
Trophozoite and cyst is
Trophozoite has a oval shaped with 2 flagellae

Parasite Stages