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π¦CONTENT :
1) CVS environment settings
2) Log in to the CVS server:γ
3) cvs command format
4) CVS Daily use of
5) other common commands
6) CVS macro / keyword
7) CVS branch management
8) CVS server installation and configuration
9) Watchers
10) WinCVS installation and configuration
11) CVSWEB installation
π¦CONTENT :
1) CVS environment settings
2) Log in to the CVS server:γ
3) cvs command format
4) CVS Daily use of
5) other common commands
6) CVS macro / keyword
7) CVS branch management
8) CVS server installation and configuration
9) Watchers
10) WinCVS installation and configuration
11) CVSWEB installation
π¦WHAT IS CVS ?
CVS is a parallel version control system, it uses C / S mode, it The complexity and functionality are moderate and are the most popular version control system today. It has two basic features:
* Save modification records: save the modification history of all files, and can establish branches
* Collaboration and parallelism: cvs is not recommended to use the serial working mode of lock-modify-unlock, but multiplayer You can modify the same file in parallel, and merge conflict when you commit; it is more suitable for large work groups.
The advantages of using CVS:
* Centralized file management, everyone can easily see the latest files of all personnel, standardized file management
* Can view any previous version or revision history
* Can maintain multiple versions and branch
CVS is a parallel version control system, it uses C / S mode, it The complexity and functionality are moderate and are the most popular version control system today. It has two basic features:
* Save modification records: save the modification history of all files, and can establish branches
* Collaboration and parallelism: cvs is not recommended to use the serial working mode of lock-modify-unlock, but multiplayer You can modify the same file in parallel, and merge conflict when you commit; it is more suitable for large work groups.
The advantages of using CVS:
* Centralized file management, everyone can easily see the latest files of all personnel, standardized file management
* Can view any previous version or revision history
* Can maintain multiple versions and branch
π¦ CVS environment at the same time Settings
========================================
First of all, regardless of the configuration of the CVS server, let βs assume that there is already a configuration Good server, to access CVS, you must first set the environment variable CVSROOT
CVSROOT =: pserver: user @ server # port: / path / to / cvsroot
* pserver is the access method, meaning password authentication, which is the most commonly used method, other There are also gserver, kserver, ext
* user is the user name of the CVS server,
* server is the name or IP address of the CVS server
* / path / to / cvsroot is the CVSROOT directory of your CVS server, modify it according to your CVS server settings Or ask the administrator
You can put the settings in your shell's profile (.bash_profile, .profile, etc.) so that you don't have to type a long list of commands at a time.
> Advanced function: Now it is more popular to use ssh to encrypt passwords and data streams.
CVSROOT =: ext : user @ server # port: / path / to / cvsroot
CVS_RSH = ssh
hints:
> Actually, there is no CVSROOT, you can use cvs -d: pserver: user @ server # port: / path / to / cvsroot to access each time , And it will ignore the CVSROOT environment variable, maybe you will laugh at me as a madman, but cvs can put the command parameters used each time in a file, so add
cvs -d: pserver to ~ / .cvsrc : user @ server # port: / path / to / cvsroot
, its biggest advantage is that the modification will take effect immediately, and its priority is higher than the CVSROOT environment variable. Do nβt ask me silly by the time, my environment variable It doesn't work anymore.
========================================
First of all, regardless of the configuration of the CVS server, let βs assume that there is already a configuration Good server, to access CVS, you must first set the environment variable CVSROOT
CVSROOT =: pserver: user @ server # port: / path / to / cvsroot
* pserver is the access method, meaning password authentication, which is the most commonly used method, other There are also gserver, kserver, ext
* user is the user name of the CVS server,
* server is the name or IP address of the CVS server
* / path / to / cvsroot is the CVSROOT directory of your CVS server, modify it according to your CVS server settings Or ask the administrator
You can put the settings in your shell's profile (.bash_profile, .profile, etc.) so that you don't have to type a long list of commands at a time.
> Advanced function: Now it is more popular to use ssh to encrypt passwords and data streams.
CVSROOT =: ext : user @ server # port: / path / to / cvsroot
CVS_RSH = ssh
hints:
> Actually, there is no CVSROOT, you can use cvs -d: pserver: user @ server # port: / path / to / cvsroot to access each time , And it will ignore the CVSROOT environment variable, maybe you will laugh at me as a madman, but cvs can put the command parameters used each time in a file, so add
cvs -d: pserver to ~ / .cvsrc : user @ server # port: / path / to / cvsroot
, its biggest advantage is that the modification will take effect immediately, and its priority is higher than the CVSROOT environment variable. Do nβt ask me silly by the time, my environment variable It doesn't work anymore.
π¦ Log in to the CVS server:γ
==================================
$ cvs login, at this time cvs will ask you for your password, Please type in your password on the CVS server.
If there is no error message, congratulations, you succeeded!
After successful login, a ~ / .cvspass file will be created to save your password and you will not need to enter the password in the future.
==================================
$ cvs login, at this time cvs will ask you for your password, Please type in your password on the CVS server.
If there is no error message, congratulations, you succeeded!
After successful login, a ~ / .cvspass file will be created to save your password and you will not need to enter the password in the future.
π¦ cvs command format
==================================
cvs [global_opts] command [command_opts] [command_args]
Global options belong to the left cvs, are global
command_opts belong to the left command, are partial
cvs --help-commands view the command list
cvs -H command / cvs -help command view this Command options
hints: If you use some commands with the same parameters each time, you can put them in the ~ / .cvsrc file to
update -c
diff -c
add -kb
cvs -Q
==================================
cvs [global_opts] command [command_opts] [command_args]
Global options belong to the left cvs, are global
command_opts belong to the left command, are partial
cvs --help-commands view the command list
cvs -H command / cvs -help command view this Command options
hints: If you use some commands with the same parameters each time, you can put them in the ~ / .cvsrc file to
update -c
diff -c
add -kb
cvs -Q
π¦ cvs global-option comand comand-
The daily use of option arguments CVS
==================================
CVS usage process
a checkout if there is no working locally When
copying , use b staus to check whether there is a new version of
c update on the server. If so, use update to synchronize file
d to make your own modifications, and ensure correct
e update to see if someone has modified your file
f. If there is a conflict, merge conflict
g commit Submit your changes. If someone fails to commit the changes, go back to step e and step
b.
The daily use of option arguments CVS
==================================
CVS usage process
a checkout if there is no working locally When
copying , use b staus to check whether there is a new version of
c update on the server. If so, use update to synchronize file
d to make your own modifications, and ensure correct
e update to see if someone has modified your file
f. If there is a conflict, merge conflict
g commit Submit your changes. If someone fails to commit the changes, go back to step e and step
b.
π¦ 1 cvs checkout module_name
-------------------------------------
module_name can be temporarily understood as the directory name, it The module_name directory will be created in the local but former directory, and the files under the module_name directory on the server will be copied to the local module_name directory.
Note: After the first checkout, instead of synchronizing files through cvs checkout, you need to enter the directory to synchronize the version of specific files (add, modify, delete).
-------------------------------------
module_name can be temporarily understood as the directory name, it The module_name directory will be created in the local but former directory, and the files under the module_name directory on the server will be copied to the local module_name directory.
Note: After the first checkout, instead of synchronizing files through cvs checkout, you need to enter the directory to synchronize the version of specific files (add, modify, delete).
π¦ 2 cvs update filename
-------------------------------------
> sync the file to the latest version: no Specify the file name, cvs will synchronize the files in all subdirectories.
> It is best to do it every day before starting work or before importing your work into the CVS library, and develop the habit of "synchronizing before modifying".
> Unlike Virvual SourceSafe, there is no concept of file locking in CVS, all conflict It is resolved before the commit. If someone else modifies and commits to the CVS library during the modification process, CVS will notify you of the file conflict
<<<<<<<< filename
content on your file
=======
server The content of the above file
>>>>>>>> latest revision number in the repository
> You confirm the choice of conflicting content. It can also be resolved through negotiation by multiple people. After the modification is completed, the conflict flag
conflict in the file is removed
-------------------------------------
> sync the file to the latest version: no Specify the file name, cvs will synchronize the files in all subdirectories.
> It is best to do it every day before starting work or before importing your work into the CVS library, and develop the habit of "synchronizing before modifying".
> Unlike Virvual SourceSafe, there is no concept of file locking in CVS, all conflict It is resolved before the commit. If someone else modifies and commits to the CVS library during the modification process, CVS will notify you of the file conflict
<<<<<<<< filename
content on your file
=======
server The content of the above file
>>>>>>>> latest revision number in the repository
> You confirm the choice of conflicting content. It can also be resolved through negotiation by multiple people. After the modification is completed, the conflict flag
conflict in the file is removed
π¦ 3 cvs commit -m "write some comments here" file_name
------------------------------------
> Confirm the modification Write to the CVS library.
> Note: Many actions of CVS are finally confirmed and modified by cvs commit, it is best to modify only one file at a time. Before confirming, users also need to fill in the modification notes to help other developers understand the reason for the modification. If you do not write -m "comments" and directly confirm
> The quality of comments is important: so not only must you write, but you must write something more meaningful: to facilitate other developers to understand
bad comments well, it is difficult for other developers to quickly understand: for example: -m "bug fixed" or even -m "" a
good comment, even in Chinese: -m "Email address verification added during user registration"
> Modify a version comment: only confirm one file to the CVS library at a time It is a good habit, but it is inevitable that sometimes you forget to specify the file name and commit multiple files to the CVS library with the same comment. The following command allows you to modify the comment of a certain version of a file:
cvs admin- m 1.3: "write some comments here" file_name
------------------------------------
> Confirm the modification Write to the CVS library.
> Note: Many actions of CVS are finally confirmed and modified by cvs commit, it is best to modify only one file at a time. Before confirming, users also need to fill in the modification notes to help other developers understand the reason for the modification. If you do not write -m "comments" and directly confirm
cvs commit file_name, cvs will automatically call the system's default text editor (usually vi) to ask you to write comments.> The quality of comments is important: so not only must you write, but you must write something more meaningful: to facilitate other developers to understand
bad comments well, it is difficult for other developers to quickly understand: for example: -m "bug fixed" or even -m "" a
good comment, even in Chinese: -m "Email address verification added during user registration"
> Modify a version comment: only confirm one file to the CVS library at a time It is a good habit, but it is inevitable that sometimes you forget to specify the file name and commit multiple files to the CVS library with the same comment. The following command allows you to modify the comment of a certain version of a file:
cvs admin- m 1.3: "write some comments here" file_name