cvspserver 2401 / tcp

and then add the following code

CVSROOT =: etx: psever: tom@cvs.exam in the .profile file . ORG: / cvsroot

Export CVSROOT

so that he can log in using $ cvs login here we will use concrete examples to talk about tom is cvs applications and other linux commands as there are plenty of .cvs. Numbers. I will make a list of what the next section.

Tom has the following files in / usr / test directory

Ecample.c exampl2.c tes1.c test2.c utimel.c tty.c

If you want to create your own directory in the software library

$ cd / usr / test

~ test $ cvs import –m “tom first creation” tomdir tom tomwork

N tomdit / example.c

N tomdit / exampl2.c

N tomdir / test1.c

N tomdir /test2.c

N tomdir / utmel.c

N tomdit / tty.c

No conflicts creat by this import

command description import submit command --m followed by a description. tom Publisher tomwork is the release label. If you are prompted that CVSROOT is wrong, you can use-- d Add CVSROOT

　

Note: All cvs commands can be helped by cvs command --H. At this time, there is an additional tomdir subdirectory under the / cvs directory on the server side. Contents:

example.c, v exampl2.c, v test1.c , v test2.c, v tty.c, v utimel.c, v are now

submitted for the first time. In

this way, you do n’t have to worry about deleting the test directory accidentally. Use the following command to check out the source files Backup

$ / cd usr

`` usr $ / cvs checkout test tomdir-r 1.1

U test / exsample.c

U test / exampl1.c

U test / test1.c

U test / test2.c

U test / tty.c

U test / ulnem.c

cvs checkout command default is to get the latest version. We can also get an old version, this command is tomdir 1.1 The version of the code is taken out. After recovery, a CVS directory is added for management, so that when you next commit or modify, it will interface with the management file on the server to ensure that the version is good. This example is very small and realistic It is very likely that there are many files in the project, so you can restore the CVSROOT module first

~ usr / $ cvs checkout CVSROOT / mouldes

~ / usr / $ vi CVSROOT / mouldes edit the module name, such as we add

src project / src

print project After / src / print

cvs commit

, we can use cvs checkout print instead of

cvs checkout project / src / print

. After editing, you can submit the file

~ usr / $ cvs commit –m “edit of mouldes name” CVSROOT / mould can be restored except You can also restore a single file or module after the entire directory

~ usr / test / $ cvs checkout –m "newer file" tty.c

After restoring the file, tom can use various editors to modify and repair the source file After the change is completed, you can submit its work results

~ / usr / cvs commit test tomdir. In

this way, tom completes an upgrade of the source file. Other similar

methods can be obtained 4..3 Related technologies

in management 4.3.1 A technology in managing source files is called " "Keyword Replacement" ". After each execution of the" "cvs commit" "operation, some keywords in the source file will be replaced with the available words

$ AUTHOR $ username

$ Data $ the time of registration

$ Header $ standard The first part contains the full path name, date, and author

$ Id $ of the RCS, except for the incomplete RCS file name, which is the same as $ Header $.

$ Log $ contains the full path name, version number, date, author, and the RCS provided when submitting Log information.

$ RCSfile $ contains the file name of the RCS, excluding the path name

$ Revision $ The assigned version number

$ Source $ The full name of the RCS file

$ State $ The state of the assigned version, assigned by cvs admin -s.

Example: In Before cvs commit, there is

static char * rcsid = "" $ Id $ ""

in

main.c ; after cvs commit, the change of main.c becomes:

static char * rcsid = "" $ Id: main.c, v 1.2 1999/04/29 15:10:14 trimblef Exp $ "";

Of course, here is just a demo.In actual program development, this technology has a very useful effect, so I won't go into details here. Interested friends can refer to related books.

4.3.2 Creating a branch allows users to modify some files using the command commit without affecting the trunk. To create a branch, you should first create a tag for those files that you want to modify. The

tag is assigned to a file or a group of files Symbol. In the life cycle of the source code, the files that make up a group of modules are assigned the same tags. After executing

~ usr / teat / $ cvs tag release-1-0

tag creation in the working directory , you can create it One branch:

~ usr / teat / $ cvs rtag -b -r release-1-0 release-1-0-path print

-b: create branch

-r release-1-0: specify the existing label

releas-1-0 -patch: branch

print: module name

using cvs update -j option to change the local file copy of the merger on the branch.

~ usr / teat / $ cvs update -j Release-1-0 print.c

source file mutatis mutandis after, you can delete the local working copy with cvs release

and inform other developers no longer use this module.

~ use / $ cvs release -d the Test

4.3.3 to resolve conflicts

when there are multiple users make changes to the same file, if you modify the The same part of it, and if the revised content is not Then, conflict is inevitable.

For example, there is a file test.c in the CVS file repository, and its version is 1.4. User A first checks out the file for modification, and later user B checks out the file for modification and submits it to 1.5 in advance. When user A resubmits, there will be a conflict. At this time, CVS will prompt that it needs to be resolved manually.

For example, version 1.4 in the file repository: The content is:

#include

main ()

{

int i;

for (i = 0; i <100; i ++)

printf (“Count:% d”, i);

}

User B 1.5:

#include

main ()

{

int i;

for (i = 0; i <10; i ++)

printf (“Count:% d”, i);

printf (“Over”);

}

User A:

#include

main ()

{

int i;

for (i = 0; i <50; i ++)

printf (“Count:% d”, i);

return;

}

There will be a conflict when submitting, which requires manual editing. At this time, if user A runs $ cvs update and then edits test.c, you will see the content of test.c like this:

#include

main ()

{

int i ;

<<<<<<< test.c

for (i = 0; i <50; i ++)

=======

for (i = 0; i <10; i ++)

>>>>>>> 1.5

　

printf ("" Count:% d "", i);

<<<<<<< test.c

return;

=======

printf ("" Over "");

>>>>>>> 1.5

} In

this way, it is necessary to manually modify according to different tasks, which is more troublesome, so in real collaborative development, very few, give the same file, many people have the same submit permissions.

4.3.4 file version management

version management system, the most important is the management of file versions, the default version upgrade using a certain amount of time if due to special needs, to define your own version of a file, you can use the following command:

cvs log [-lR] [-r rev] [-d date] [-w login] [files…]

Among them, the meaning of the parameters is as follows:

-l do not process subdirectories

-R do the same for subdirectories

-r specifies the version number

-d specified time

-w specifies the login name

use the following command to see all the historical version number or version information specified file the current module.

cvs annotate [-lR] [- r rev | -D date] files

wherein the parameters have the following meaning:

-l not processed subdirectories

-R subdirectories do the same process

-r version number specified

command can be used below with reference to the specified file (After checking out) all modified information.

The

output of $ cvs annotate cvstest / c / test.c is as follows: version modifiers modified time source code

1.1 (tang 18-Jan-00): #include

1.1 (tang 18-Jan-00): #include

1.1 (tang 18- Jan-00):

1.1 (tang 18-Jan-00): main ()

1.1 (tang 18-Jan-00): {

1.1 (tang 18-Jan-00): int i = 0;

1.1 (tang 18-Jan -00):

1.1 (tang 18-Jan-00): for (i = 0; i <20; i ++)

1.1 (tang 18-Jan-00): printf ("" Count:% d "", i);

1.1 (tang 18-Jan-00):

1.3 (tang 18-Jan-00): printf ("" 222222 "");

1.4 (tang 18-Jan-00): printf ("" 333333 "");

1.1 (tang 18-Jan-00):}

Use The following command can generate a branch version relative to a specified major version:

cvs rtag –b –r rev_root rev_branch file_name

Among them, the meaning of the parameters is as follows:

-b specifies to generate a branch version

-r specifies the trunk node version number of the

branch the version number

rev_branch branch version

file_name specified file, the "." indicates all files in the current directory

using the following command to generate a branch version corresponding to the version number, because the CVS version number is numerically expressed, and in the same module The versions of different files may be completely different, so it is more convenient to use the logo.

Example:

$ cvs rtag –b –r 1.2 tlb-1 SOURCE

To access the branch version later, you can use the “-r” option

$ cvs checkout –r tlb-1 SOURCE to

switch from the currently checked version to a branch version:

$ cvs update –r tlb-1 SOURCE

Use the following command to view the version information:

cvs status [–vlR] files

Among them, the meaning of the parameters is as follows:

-v displays all the information

-l does not display the sub directory information

-R Displays subdirectory information

command: cvs update -j rev module changes made to the current version of the file with the specified merge.

For example: trunk 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 ↓

branch tlb-1 1.2.2.1 1.2.2.2 1.2.2.3

If you want to merge the version on branch tlb-1:

$ cvs update –j 1.2.2.3 –j tlb-1 test.c

Among them, 1.2.2.3 can generate an easy-to-remember logo through the tag command.

If you want to merge branch tlb-1 to the trunk 1.2:

$ cvs update –j tlb-1 test.c

if you want to merge different versions on the trunk (note that the order is important, and all changes between the specified versions will be discarded) :

$ Cvs update –j 1.5 –j 1.2 test.c

If the file of the module changes between different versions, you can:

$ cvs update –A

$ cvs updata –jbranch_name

5, command set

In the examples in this chapter, many are introduced. The detailed usage of commands is mostly analyzed from the perspective of application. In fact, cvs has a large number of commands. Like gcc, there are not many common commands for cvs. In this section, we list some commonly used commands. Try not to duplicate the introduction in the above sections. Of course, limited to time and level, it is impossible to list all the commands of cvs. Interested friends. Yes , Reference, cvs documentation, and linux man documentation, detailed study, you can also come here to give guidance

(1) check out the source file

cvs checkout [-r rev] [-D date] [-d dir] [- j merg1] [-j merg2] modules

significance where the parameters are as follows:

-R & lt detection module specified version

-D date specified detection module

-d specified directory instead of the detection module

-j specified version and the current version of combined

use of The following command will check out the module just generated and generate the same directory structure in the current directory as in the file repository:

usr $ cvs checkout project

usr $ cvs checkout project / src / main

cvs checkout For detailed usage, see cvs -H Checkout output.

2) CVS commit command After the modification of the file is completed, use cvs commit to submit to the warehouse.

Cvs commit -m "" Update by xxxxx "" project

cvs commit -m "" Update main.c "" main.c

After the submission is complete, the current version number will be updated, such as the original 1.1, now 1.2. Both versions are on the main trunk of the warehouse. The

-m option can record comments about the submission. If the -m option is not specified , The editor specified in the environment variable CVSEDITOR is called (vi is the default), prompting to enter text, modify the record comment.

3) delete, add, rename files and directories

cvs add [-k kflags] [-m message ] files ...

which the meanings of the parameters are as follows:

after -k to specify the default directory of the file detected

-m description of the file

above command will add a new file to the warehouse, but until it is used to submit order Only then will the file warehouse be truly updated.

cvs remove [options] files The

above command will delete files from the file repository, but they will not be effective until submitted.

Example 1: Add file

$ cvs checkout SOURCE

$ cd cvstest / c

$ touch test.c

$ cvs add test.c

$ cvs commit –m “add test.c”

Example 2: Delete file

$ cvs checkout SOURCE

$ cd cvstest / c

$ rm test.c

$ cvs remove test.c

Use the –f option to make the above two steps together.

$ cvs remove –f test.c

If you want to restore the file you just deleted before submission, you can do the following:

$ cvs add test.c

If you only performed the first step of deletion (rm), you can use the following method to restore:

$ cvs update test.c

For the renamed file, you can delete and then add it.

For the modification (renaming) of the directory, you may need to modify the cvs management file. In general, you should follow the following steps: Assuming that tom is modifying part of the file, I want to merge and update my local copy (checkout) and the modification made by another person has been placed in the warehouse), available

~ usr / test / $ cvs update

to confirm that all relevant changes have been submitted;

enter the file you want to modify the warehouse module directory, the corresponding directory modifications (rename or delete)

$ cd $ CVSROOT / modules

$ mv old_dir new_dir

If necessary, modify the management files, such as the modules file, if you want to delete the directory, you should first delete each file in the directory (including using cvs remove) after processing the above steps 2 steps.

(4 Submit source

CVS the commit [-Rl] [- m mesg] Files

-R & lt submitted with the subdirectory even

-l submit only local directory (subdirectory is not submitted)

-m annotation information

after the detection of the source files in the working directory All changes to the source file in the file must be submitted before the source file in the file repository can function, and the new file can be assigned a new version number.

(5) Release the working directory

cvs release –d SOURCE

This command will delete the working directory cvstest / c (it is recommended to perform this step after submitting the modified module), it is better than using rm –rf cvstest.

In this introduction, the use cvs server. Commonly used in parallel development. Command. Hope to play a role in better ideas

🦑 Summary

This UNDERCODE TUT introduces some knowledge of version control. Several do with the control system. And from the perspective of ease of use , Tells the process of constructing a cvs server on a linux machine, and cvs is a simple way to use

cvs. It can also be said to be a network application. Its function is that it can provide simultaneous development for multiple users under parallel conditions. , Convenient and safe source code. Management model. Personally think that the emergence of cvs is the inevitable product of free Linux.

He will also get more promising development in this hot spot of Linux.

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🦑 7 reasons your credit card gets blocked

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> When your credit card company stops a thief from charging fraudulent expenses to your card, you're thrilled. But what happens when they mistake you for the thief?

7 reasons your credit card gets blockedWith $6.89 billion in fraud losses in 2009, credit card companies eager to stem the tide are continually beefing up their anti-fraud measures, relying on sophisticated computer software to flag suspicious transactions. Trouble is, what looks like a red flag to a computer may just be you trying to make a mundane purchase. Then, all of a sudden, your card's declined, leaving you red-faced and frustrated.

> So what looks bad to your card company? Anything out of the ordinary. "The credit card companies -- Visa, MasterCard, American Express, Discover -- all have their own proprietary technologies that look for anomalies in your spending habits," says Robert Siciliano, a McAfee consultant and identity theft expert based in Boston. Siciliano suggests that each transaction is automatically analyzed for up to 200 different data points, everything from where you live to what you normally buy to how much you're spending, to determine the likelihood that you're the one actually making a particular charge. If the analysis doesn't add up, your card will be blocked and your next purchase declined.

🦑 What triggers a block
Card issuers won't go on the record about specific red flags -- as Siciliano points out, "That'll only give the bad guys an edge." But according to experts and hapless cardholders who have experienced a block, these shopping habits may lead to hassles:

> Shopping where you've never shopped before. "I've had calls from my card company saying, �We've detected unusual activity.' It wasn't unusual, but it was a different pharmacy than the one I normally went to," says Denise Richardson, a certified identity theft risk management specialist and author of "Give Me Back My Credit!"

> Making several purchases quickly. Janis Badarau, of Lavonia, Ga., sometimes hits three grocery stores in a row to find what she needs and take advantage of sales. But a few months ago, she was so speedy that by the time she swiped her card at the third store, it was declined. "I called the bank when I got home, and they told me that shopping at three supermarkets within an hour or so was considered 'unusual activity,'" Badarau says.

> Charging something small, then something big. Criminals sometimes test the waters with a stolen card by charging a tiny amount -- say, a song on iTunes -- before moving on to a triple-digit purchase. That small-big pattern in your own buying habits may result in a declined card.

> Shopping away from your home base. That's especially common when you're moving. "If my billing address is Massachusetts and I'm buying a washer and dryer in Idaho, that's an anomaly, because why would I buy a washer and dryer in Idaho if I live in Massachusetts?" says Siciliano.

> Charging travel expenses. On the road, any purchase from gas to restaurant meals can trigger a block. While that's long been true for travelers abroad, it now happens domestically, too. "Once my travel to L.A. flagged it and I spent 20 minutes verifying transactions," says Traci Coulter, of New York City. When she asked what caused the card to be declined, she was told, "a taxi, a charge at the airport, in-air Wi-Fi and a rental car hold" -- all standard travel expenses.

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1) When your card company suspects suspicious activity, sometimes you'll get an email or a phone call asking you to verify a purchase. Other times your card is simply declined, with no advance warning and no information why, and it's up to you to call your issuer and sort out the problem. Follow these tips to minimize the hassle (and humiliation) of a blocked card:


> Carry backup credit cards. You'll be able to offer another working card while you sort out the problems with the first.

> Keep your card's contact info handy. "Have your credit card company's toll-free number as one of your phone numbers in your mobile," recommends Siciliano. "If a card is declined, you know who to call."

> Tell your card company when you're traveling. Advance notice doesn't always keep your travel purchases off the "suspicious activities" list, but card companies recommend it. In the same vein, "Give your creditor your cell phone number," says Richardson. "If they only have your home number on file, that can be a problem, too."

> Use a prepaid card. When you travel, a preloaded card gives you the convenience of credit without the hassles. (You do lose the protection, however, so that convenience comes with a price.)

> Get texts. According to Chase representative Gail Hurdis, customers can sign up to receive a text message within minutes of a flagged transaction and can indicate by text whether they recognize it. If they do, the account is updated and the transaction cleared instantly.

> Provide a new address. When you move, quickly update your billing address so your card company recognizes your new home base.

> Ask for compensation. When Linsey Knerl's card was erroneously declined, the store cashier refused to accept any other card, forcing Knerl to abandon a cart full of stuff. The Tekamah, Neb., woman wrote a letter to her issuer expressing her disappointment. "The credit card company actually gave me a rewards points bonus for my troubles -- enough to buy a plane ticket the next time I traveled!" she says.

> Annoying as it can be to get blocked by mistake, remind yourself that it's a sign that your credit card company's got your back.


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There is already an article here about bank transfers, no disrespect to the author but it's very hard to understand since it's maybe been translated or written by someone who doesn't read write or speak native English so I have decided that I will write a guide and hopefully it will be able to help you guys out a little more than the other guide.

Okay so lets get started,

1) The first thing you are going to need is banking credentials of some sort. The information you need will be different for each bank and depend on how your doing the transfers if by phone or online so research is the key here!

2) If you are doing the transfers online take a look at the banks login pages to determine exactly whats needed to login, you might also need additional information like a password or code to make a transfer so it's a good idea to set up a bank account with internet banking on the bank your targeting, this way you will be able to see all that is needed and not just what you need to log into the actual website.

3) The usual information needed to log into online banking is usually like; (remember different banks = different info)

Username/account number
Password
Letters/Numbers of a security code
Answers to secret question
Date of birth (sometimes)

4) For transfers it's much better to talk and bank using the telephone, this is far more successful than online transfers because it doesn't attract so much suspicion when a few thousand is being sent somewhere and banks will process the transfer there and then meaning that if your phone call to them is successful there is a 95% chance your transfer will be too.

5) You need different information to do this type of transfer and like before it's different with each bank, also like before it's a good idea to set up a bank account with the bank and make a transfer by phone, this way you will know what to expect when you go to make a fraudulent transfer by phone.

🦑Here is a rough guide of what you might need;

Account number
Sort Code
Address Details
Date of Birth
Mother maiden name
Answer to secret questions

6) All the information you need for any type of transfer can be bought online for a relatively small amount of money, the details for online transfers will usually cost you between 3-15% of the account balance. Information to make phone transfers will normally cost between $15 upto $50 and this depends on how much information is given to you about your mark.

7) Alternatively you can collect and gather this information yourself by the many ways available such as botnets, phishing, data mining etc...

8) After you have got the information you need you will need to find or set up a bank account which the stolen money can be transferred into (bank drop), for obvious reasons this must not be an account in your real name! The most common method of getting an account for this is to find people willing to offer they're account for a percentage of the money, normally 30-60% of the transferred amount. Another way of getting bank drop accounts is to set them up yourself using fake ID and counterfeit documents, there is a little extra work and investment needed for doing this but the returns financially are well worth it.

9) Now you have information and a bank drop account you are ready to make the transfer, here is some information and steps on how to go about making both phone and online transfers.

🦑Telephone banking

1) In theory this method is pretty self explanatory because all you really need to do is make a call to the telephone banking line of your target bank and answer any questions they ask as if you were the person whose details you have but like any type of transfer true success will depend on how well you plan and carry off the operation so you must talk in a calm, cool and collective way.

2) Acting or at the very least voice impersonation will play a major role in transfers made by phone because NO bank is going to accept a transfer from someone on the phone who has the relatively squeaky voice of a teenager or young adult when the original account holder is supposed to be 60 years old so you must take the time to perfect your voice to sound like the account holder might. Sometimes the dialect of a voice can also make a bank worker weary of a transfer because if the account holder lives in Australia and you were born in India he or she might be able to spot this in your fake voice so you must must must! get the dialect,tone and language of your targets country correct or you will fail, simple!

3) When you have your voice you are ready to make the call, it's a good idea to use call spoofing and forwarding to have your targets telephone number registered with the bank appear on caller ID because some banks may check this or use it as further verification, there is sometimes also some sort of voice changing functionality with some of those call services which is a good feature to add to the fake voice your making vocally or if you have female info and you want to sound like so.

4) It's not usually necessary to use spoofing so if your making a call just make sure you are doing so from an unregistered pre-paid cell phone or pay phone and not the personal land line number in your house.

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