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🦑 ftp service-wu-ftpd server configuration full by undercode

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🦑ftp service-wu-ftpd server configuration manualwu-ftpd server
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1) In many network applications, FTP (File Transfer porotocol) has a very important position. A very important resource in the Internet is software resources. Most of the various software resources are placed in the FTP server. It can be said that FTP and WEB services account for almost 80% of the entire Internet application.

2) The FTP service can be divided into two types according to the different service objects: one is the system FTP server, which only allows legal users on the system; the other is the anonymous FTP server, Anonymous FTP Server, which can be used by anyone to log in to Go to the FTP server to get the file.


🦑 𝕃𝔼𝕋𝕊 𝕊𝕋𝔸ℝ𝕋 :

1) Select and install the FTP server software.

If you selected "ftpd" when selecting the startup process when installing the Linux system, after installing the Linux system, it has installed a default FTP server to the system. Got it. We can already use it to realize the function of the system FTP server.

2) We just need to make some personalized settings according to our needs on this basis.

3) example Washington University FTP is used in most of the Linux distributions, it is a well-known FTP server software, generally referred to as wu-ftp. It is powerful and can run well on many UNIX operating systems, such as: IBM AIX, FreeBSD, HP-UX, NeXTstep, Dynix, SunOS, Solaris, etc.

4) Therefore, more than half of FTP servers on the Internet have adopted it. wu-ftp has many powerful functions, which are very suitable for the management requirements of the FTP server with large throughput

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🦑starting ftp config :


1) Can compress or decompress files automatically while users download files;

2) Can set different access restrictions on machines on different networks;

3) Can record file upload and download times;

4) Can display Relevant information during transmission is convenient for users to understand the current transmission dynamics;

5) The maximum number of connections can be set, which improves efficiency and effectively controls the load.

🦑 Second, the composition ftp config :

of wu-ftp After installing wu-ftp, you will see the following five executable files in the / bin directory:

1) ftpd FTP server program
ftpshut Used to close the FTP server program
ftpcount Show the current number of people online
ftpwho View the current FTP The connection status of the server
ckconfig Check whether the FTP server settings are correct.

2) In addition to these executable files, it also generates seven configuration files under the / etc and / var directories:

/ etc / ftpusers
/ etc / ftpaccess
/ var / run / ftp .pids
/ etc / ftpconversions
/ var / log / xferlog
/ etc / ftpgroups
/ etc / ftphosts

3) After wu-ftp is installed in the system, a special user ftp will be created, and a ftpd directory will be created under the / home directory. When logging in as anonymous, it will be automatically located in this directory. Several subdirectories are usually created under this directory.

/ home / ftpd / bin stores some executable files for FTP users
/ home / ftpd / etc stores some configuration files for FTP users
/ home / ftpd / pub stores information for downloads
/ home / ftpd / incoming stores space for uploading information

🦑 wu-ftp configuration

1) View, modify /etc/inetd.conf file
/etc/inetd.conf file is the configuration file of inetd, the super server of LINUX system. It is responsible for listening to multiple TCP / IP ports. When it receives the request, it derives a corresponding server based on the configuration file. By using a super server, other services can be derived only when needed, thereby greatly saving system resources. The wu-ftp uses the inetd super server to monitor requests. When the super server inetd receives the FTP request from the client, it opens an FTP service process according to the configuration file. So if we want to use wu-ftp, we must confirm that there is a sentence in the inetd.conf configuration file of the super server inetd:

2) ftp stream tcp nowait root / usr / sbin / tcpd wu.ftpd

so that when the super server receives the FTP request At that time, a wu-ftp FTP service process can be derived. (Note: To confirm whether there is such a line, you can use the Find command to confirm the contents of the file:

CAT /etc/inetd.conf | grep the FTP

. If not, then manually added or modified manually

3) wu-ftpd command options
wu -ftpd is the service process of wu-ftp. It can be executed with or without parameters. The following is a brief introduction to the execution parameters of wu-ftpd.
-d When the FTP server fails, the error will be entered into the system syslog;
-l Put the FTP client connection into the system syslog every time;
-t Set the FTP client connection to cut off the connection in a few minutes without operation;
-a Make wu-ftp use the setting of / etc / ftpaccess;
-A make wu-ftp does not use the setting of / etc / ftpaccess;
-L records the program executed after the FTP client is connected in the system syslog;
-I records the log of the FTP client upload file in / usr / adm. In the xferlog file;
-o Record the log of the file downloaded by the FTP client in the / usr / adm / xferlog file.
By understanding the above parameters, we recommend to draw the line when the system is installed above the default configuration was changed:

the FTP Stream tcp nowait root / usr / sbin / tcpd wu.ftpd the -I -a


4) provide automatic compression, decompression Function
If you want the FTP server to have automatic compression and decompression functions, you must first copy some command files such as tar, gzip, gunzip, compress, and uncompress to the / home / ftpd / bin directory.

5) About the settings of / etc / ftpaccess
This configuration file is the most important configuration file on the FTP server. It is directly related to whether your FTP server can work normally, and there are many permissions settings. The following is a typical configuration example.

loginfails 3
class local real *
class remote anonymous guest *
limit remote 100 Any /etc/ftpd/toomany.msg
message /etc/ftpd/welcome.msg login
compress yes local remote
tar yes local remote
private yes
passwd-check rfc822 warn
log commands real
log transfer anonymous guest inbound outbound
log transfer real inbound
shutdown /etc/ftpd/shut.msg
delete no anonymous, guest
overwrite no anonymous, guest
rename no anonymous
chmod no anonymous, guest
umask no anonymous
upload / home / ftpd * no
upload / home / ftpd / bin no
upload / home / ftpd / etc no
upload / home / ftpd / pub yes real 0644 dirs
upload / home / ftpd / incoming yes real guest anonymous 0644 dirs
alias in / incoming
email guest@xxx.net
email guest@yyy.net
deny * .com.tw /etc/ftpd/deny.msg

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🦑Below we explain sentence by sentence, and give the meaning of each setting, so that everyone can bypass the category, In order to make reasonable settings according to the specific situation of your own FTP server.


1) Format: loginfails [Number of times]
Function: Set the number of times the user is allowed to enter the wrong password when logging in to the FTP server.
Example: loginfails 3: The connection is cut off if the password is entered incorrectly three times.

2) Format: class [class name] [real / guest / anonymous] [IP address]
Function: The function of this command sets the type of user on the FTP server. It can also restrict the client's IP address, allowing access to certain IP addresses or all IP addresses. The users on the FTP server can be basically divided into the following three categories:
real users with legal accounts on the FTP server;
guest anonymous users with records;
anonymous anonymous user
instances with the lowest authority : class local real *: define a name It is a local class, which contains real users who log in anywhere (* represents all IP addresses).
class remote anonymous guest *: Define a class called remote, which contains anonymous users and guest users who log in anywhere.

3) Format: limit [category] [number of people] [time] [file name]
Function: The function of this command is to set the upper limit of the specified number of people allowed to connect in the specified category within the specified time. When the maximum number of people is reached, the content of the specified file is displayed.
Example: limit remote 100 Any /etc/ftpd/toomany.msg: At any time, when the number of remote users reaches 100, the new connection will no longer be allowed. When the 101st client wants to connect, connect Will fail and present the contents of the file /etc/ftpd/toomany.msg like a user.

4) Format: message [file name] [command]
Function: When the user executes the specified command, the system displays the specified file content.
Example: message /etc/ftpd/welcome.msg login: When the user executes the login command, that is, when logging in to the FTP server, the system will display the contents of the file /etc/ftpd/welcome.msg.

5) Format: compress [yes / no] [category]
function: set which category of users can use the compress (compression) function.
Example: compress yes local remote: allows users in both local and remote categories to use the compress function.

6) Format: tar [yes / no] [category]
function: set which category of users can use the tar (archive) function.
Example: tar yes local remote: allows both local and remote users to use the tar function.

7) Format: private [yes / no]
Function: Set whether to support group access to files.
Example: private yes: support group access to files.

8) Format: passwd-check [none / trivial / rfc822] [enforce / warn]
Function: Set the password usage for anonymous users anonymous.
none means no password verification, any password can be logged in;
trival means that as long as the entered password contains the character "@", you can log in;
rfc822 means that the password must comply with the E-Mail format specified in RFC822 to log in;
enfore means input If the password does not conform to the format specified above, you will not be allowed to log in;

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🦑 warn means that when the password does not meet the requirements, only a warning message will appear, and you can still log in:

> Example: passwd-check rfc822 warn: I hope to be able to get the E-Mail as a password, but if not, log in is allowed.

9) Format: log command [real / guest / anonymous]
Function: Set which user's operation after logging is recorded in the file / usr / adm / xferlog.
Example: log command real: When a real user logs in, his operation is recorded. Because other users have lower permissions, the operation will not cause too much security risks, so generally only need to record the operation of the real user.

10) Format: log transfers [real / guest / anonymous] [inbound / outbound]
Function: Set which users' upload (inbound) and download (outbound) operations do logs.
Example: log transfer anonymous guest inbound outbound: For anonymous users to pay more attention to their file operations, so no matter uploading or downloading are recorded.
log transfer real inbound: For legitimate users, only his upload record is recorded.

11) Format: shutdown [file name]
Function: The time when the FTP server is shut down can be set in the file specified later. When the set time is up, you cannot log in to the FTP server. To recover, only delete this file. This file must be generated by the command / bin / ftpshut.
Example: shutdown /etc/ftpd/shut.msg

12) Format: delete [yes / no] [real / anonymous / guest]
Function: Set whether to allow the specified user to delete files using the delete command. The default is allow.
Example: delete no anonymous, guest: In order to better manage the FTP server, under normal circumstances, we do not allow anonymous users to execute the delete command.

13) Format: overwrite [yes / no] [real / anonymous / guest]
Function: Set whether to allow the specified user to overwrite the file with the same name. The default is allow.
Example: overwrite no anonymous, guest: In order to better manage the FTP server, under normal circumstances, we do not allow anonymous users to overwrite files with the same name.

14) Format: rename [yes / no] [real / anonymous / guest]
Function: Set whether to allow the specified user to rename the file using the rename command. The default is allow.
Example: delete no anonymous: In order to better manage the FTP server, under normal circumstances, we do not allow anonymous users to execute the rename command to change the file name. Anonymous users with records are appropriately relaxed to allow them to use the rename command.

15) Format: chmod [yes / no] [real / anonymous / guest]
Function: Set whether to allow specified users to change file permissions using chmod command. The default is allow.
Example: delete no anonymous, guest: In order to better manage the FTP server, in general, we do not allow anonymous users to execute the chmod command to change file permissions.

16) Format: umask [yes / no] [real / anonymous / guest]
Function: Set whether to allow the specified user to use the umask command. The default is allow.
Example: delete no anonymous: In order to better manage the FTP server, under normal circumstances, we do not allow anonymous users to execute the umask command.

17) Format: upload [root directory] [upload directory] [yes / no] [user] [permissions] [dirs / nodirs]
Function: make more detailed settings for directories that can be uploaded.
Example: upload / home / ftpd * no: indicates that uploading is not allowed under the subdirectory / home / ftpd;
upload / home / ftpd / bin no: indicates that uploading is not allowed under the subdirectory / home / ftpd / bin;
upload / home / ftpd / etc no: indicates that uploading is not allowed in the subdirectory / home / ftpd / etc;
upload / home / ftpd / pub yes real 0644 dirs: allows legal users on the server to be in the subdirectory / home / ftpd / pub directory You can upload files with permission 0644 (that is, -rw-r--r--), and you can create new subdirectories under this directory.

>

🦑 now lets configure a anonymous dirs on ftp

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🦑 upload / home / ftpd / incoming yes real guest anonymous 0644 dirs:

1) Allow all users to upload files with permissions 0644 in the subdirectory / home / ftpd / incoming, and in this directory can create a new subdirectory.

2) Format: alias [directory alias] [directory name]
Function: set an alias for the specified directory, you can use a shorter directory alias when switching directories.
Example: alias inc: / incoming: set an alias inc: for the subdirectory incoming.

3) Format: email [guest's E-Mail address]
Function: As long as certain E-Mail addresses are set in this place, then when these users log in to the FTP server, his identity will be guest, and the general authority is lower than real, than anonymous high.
Example: email guest@xxx.net email guest@yyy.net: This is just an example, in fact, it can contain multiple E-Mail addresses that meet the specifications.

4) Format: deny [IP address / domain name] [description file]
Function: This setting can restrict users whose IP addresses or domain names cannot log in to the FTP server.
Example: deny * .com.tw /etc/ftpd/deny.msg: Set any domain name whose domain name ends with ".com.tw" to prohibit its access. The content of /etc/ftpd/deny.msg is displayed to the user.

5) Set / etc / ftpuser to prohibit certain users from logging in
Sometimes we need to prohibit some users from using FTP services. In fact, this setting is very simple, only need to write the user account to be banned to the file / etc / ftpuser. Due to the security of the system, we generally do not want users with too much authority and some users with the same command name to enter the FTP server. So in the default configuration, generally the following users have been added to the "blacklist".

root
uucp
news
bin
adm
nobody
lp
sync
shutdown
halt
mail

6) Set / etc / ftphosts to prohibit certain logins from specified machines. If you need to refuse logins from certain hosts, one way is to set them in / etc / ftpaccess The deny command, another simpler method is to write the IP address or domain name of the host you want to ban in / etc / ftphosts.

7) Make the new configuration take effect
So far, we have been able to make necessary modifications and adjustments to the FTP server configuration according to our needs. And after we reconfigure, we must make it effective. In general, the configuration of / etc / ftpaccess is directly applied to the next FTP service process after setting. For others, restart the inetd process.

> Use of some other commands related to wu-ftp
>Connection count command ftpcount
We can use the ftpcount command to clearly count the number of users currently connected to the FTP server, and also list the upper limit. The command output is as follows:

8) Service class local 0 Users (20maximum)
Service class remote 5 Users (100maximum)

> Online user view command ftpwho
We can use the ftpwho command to clearly list the details of the currently connected users.
5.4.2 FTP shutdown file generation command ftpshut
We can use the ftpshut command to generate a shutdown.msg file set in / etc / ftpaccess for shutdown settings. The format of the ftpshut command is:

9) Ftpshut <-l min> <-d min> time <Description>

-l This parameter sets how many minutes before closing the FTP server function to stop the user's connection;
-d This parameter is set to close FTP How many minutes before the server function to disconnect the user connection;
time specifies the time to close the FTP server. For example, 6:20 points are written as 0620;

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🦑Download files from ftp server via script any distro <? php by undercode :


/ **
* function name php_ftp_download
* function download file from ftp server
* entry parameter
* filename the name of the file to be downloaded, including the path
* /
function php_ftp_download ($ filename) {
$ phpftp_host = "ftplocalhost"; // server Address
$ phpftp_port = 21; // server port
$ phpftp_user = "name"; // username
$ phpftp_passwd = "passwrd"; // password
$ ftp_path = dirname ($ filename). "/"; // get path
$ select_file = basename ($ filename); // Get the file name

$ ftp = ftp_connect ($ phpftp_host, $ phpftp_port); // Connect to the ftp server
if ($ ftp) {
if (ftp_login ($ ftp, $ phpftp_user, $ phpftp_passwd)) { // Login
if (@ftp_chdir ($ ftp,$ ftp_path)) {// Enter the specified path
$ tmpfile = tempnam (getcwd (). "/", "temp"); // Create unique temporary file
if (ftp_get ($ ftp, $ tmpfile, $ select_file, FTP_BINARY)) {// Download the specified file to File
ftp_quit ($ ftp); // Close the connection
header ("Content-Type: application / octet-stream");
header ("Content-Disposition: attachment; filename =". $ Select_file);
readfile ($ tmpfile);
unlink ($ tmpfile); // delete temporary file
exit;
}
unlink ($ tmpfile);
}
}

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🦑Kernel technology-Error compiling kernel module tip :
t.me/undercodeTesting

> a simple LINUX KERNEL MODULE program and the following error occurred during compilation: / usr / include / linux /modversions.h:1:2: #error Modules should never use kernel-hea ders system headers, /usr/include/linux/modversions.h:2:2: #error but rather headers from an appropri ate kernel-source package

> . /usr/include/linux/modversions.h:3:2: #error Change -I / usr / src / linux / include (or similar) to /usr/include/linux/modversions.h:4:2: # error -I / lib / modules / $ (uname -r) / build / in clude /usr/include/linux/modversions.h:5:2: #error to build against the currently-runn ing kernel. 1. cp / boot / vmlinuz.version.h /usr/src/linux/include/linux/version.h 2. cp /boot/vmlinux.autoconf.h /usr/src/linux/include/linux/autoconf.h

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🦑 a Summary of escape charactersIn writing bbs recently, I encountered a problem with transcoding. It took a long time to find a more complete solution, which can completely restore the original text php
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System: linux + php4 + oracle8i

<?
// --- title, name and other fields into the library processing (remove the leading and trailing spaces)
function trans_string_trim ($ str) {
$ str = trim ($ str);
$ str = eregi_replace ("'" , "" ", $ str);
$ str = stripslashes ($ str);
return $ str;
}

// --- article storage, namely textarea field;
function trans_string ($ str) {
$ str = eregi_replace (" '","' '",$ str);
$ str = stripslashes ($ str);
return $ str;
}

// --- displayed from the library in the form; in text to trans conversion, in textarea, no Conversion, display directly

//-display on WEB page, filter HTML code; including link address
function trans ($ string) {
$ string = htmlspecialchars ($ string);
$ string = ereg_replace (chr (10), "

$ string = ereg_replace (chr (32), "", $ string);
return $ string;
}

// --- displayed on the WEB page without filtering HTML code;
function trans_web ($ string) {
$ string = ereg_replace (chr ( 10), "
", $ string);
$ string = ereg_replace (chr (32), "", $ string);
return $ string;
}

// --- displayed on the WEB page, filter HTML code and head and tail spaces, mainly Used to display user nickname
function trans_trim ($ string) {
$ string = trim ($ string);
$ string = htmlspecialchars ($ string);
$ string = ereg_replace (chr (10), "
", $ string);
$ string = ereg_replace (chr (32), "", $ string);
return $ string;
}

// --- displayed in span;
function trans_span ($ string) {
$ string = ereg_replace (chr (10), "\ n", $ string);
$ string = ereg_replace (chr (32), "", $ string);
$ string = ereg_replace ('"'," "", $ string);
return $ string;
}

// --- display cookies on WEB, filter HTML
function trans_cookie ($ STR) {
$ STR = Trans ($ STR);
$ STR = stripslashes ($ STR);
$ STR = eregi_replace ( " ''", " '", $ STR);
return $ STR;
}
? >

written by undercode
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