โ โ โ ๏ฝ๐๐ปโบ๐ซฤ๐ฌ๐โ โ โ โ
๐ฆ Introduction to OpenLDAPOPENLDAP is a very powerful tool for accessing network resources.
instagram.com/UndercOdeTestingCompany
๐ฆ ๐๐ผ๐๐ ๐๐๐ธโ๐
Introduction to OpenLDAPOPENLDAP is a very powerful tool for accessing network resources.
1) Download: ftp // ftp.OpenLDAP.org / pub / OpenLDAP / openldap-release / openldap-1.2.10.tgz
2) find it very useful after installation.
Unzip it first:
#tar xzvf $ ver_ldap.tgz
3) and compile and install:
#. / Configure --prefix = $ ldap --enable-dns --enable-cldap --enable-ldapd --enable-wrappers --enable-phonetic- -enable-passwd --enable-shell
#make depend
#make
#make install
4) Modify the configuration file:
add in / etc / profile:
PATH = "" "" $ "" "" PATH: $ ldap / bin: $ ldap / sbin : $ ldap / libexec
CPLUS_INCLUDE_PATH = "" "" $ "" "" CPLUS_INCLUDE_PATH: $ ldap / include
LD_LIBRARY_PATH = "" "" $ "" "" LD_LIBRARY_PATH: $ ldap / lib
LIBRARY_PATH = ""
5) export PATH CPLUS_INCLUDE_PATH LD_LIBRARY_PATH LIBRARY_PATH MANPATH
in /etc/rc.d/rc.local
su root -c `` $ ldap / libexec / slapd -f $ ldap / etc / openldap / slapd.conf ''
6) recompile PHP and bring The parameter --with-ldap = $ ldap makes PHP support openLDAP.
After recompiling and installing, your WEBSERVER will really support openLDAP. I will introduce the wonderful application of openLDAP in the future! !! !!
7) Download: ftp // ftp.OpenLDAP.org / pub / OpenLDAP / openldap-release / openldap-1.2.10.tgz
I find it very useful after installation.
Unzip it first:
#tar xzvf $ ver_ldap.tgz
and compile and install:
#. / Configure --prefix = $ ldap --enable-dns --enable-cldap --enable-ldapd --enable-wrappers --enable-phonetic- -enable-passwd --enable-shell
#make depend
#make
#make install
8) Modify the configuration file:
add in / etc / profile:
PATH = "" "" $ "" "" PATH: $ ldap / bin: $ ldap / sbin : $ ldap / libexec
CPLUS_INCLUDE_PATH = "" "" $ "" "" CPLUS_INCLUDE_PATH: $ ldap / include
LD_LIBRARY_PATH = "" "" $ "" "" LD_LIBRARY_PATH: $ ldap / lib
LIBRARY_PATH = ""
9) export PATH CPLUS_INCLUDE_PATH LD_LIBRARY_PATH LIBRARY_PATH MANPATH
in /etc/rc.d/rc.local
su root -c `` $ ldap / libexec / slapd -f $ ldap / etc / openldap / slapd.conf ''
10) recompile PHP and bring The parameter --with-ldap = $ ldap makes PHP support openLDAP.
After recompiling and installing, your WEBSERVER will really support openLDAP. I will introduce the wonderful application of openLDAP in the future! !! !!
Written by UndercOde
โ โ โ ๏ฝ๐๐ปโบ๐ซฤ๐ฌ๐โ โ โ โ
๐ฆ Introduction to OpenLDAPOPENLDAP is a very powerful tool for accessing network resources.
instagram.com/UndercOdeTestingCompany
๐ฆ ๐๐ผ๐๐ ๐๐๐ธโ๐
Introduction to OpenLDAPOPENLDAP is a very powerful tool for accessing network resources.
1) Download: ftp // ftp.OpenLDAP.org / pub / OpenLDAP / openldap-release / openldap-1.2.10.tgz
2) find it very useful after installation.
Unzip it first:
#tar xzvf $ ver_ldap.tgz
3) and compile and install:
#. / Configure --prefix = $ ldap --enable-dns --enable-cldap --enable-ldapd --enable-wrappers --enable-phonetic- -enable-passwd --enable-shell
#make depend
#make
#make install
4) Modify the configuration file:
add in / etc / profile:
PATH = "" "" $ "" "" PATH: $ ldap / bin: $ ldap / sbin : $ ldap / libexec
CPLUS_INCLUDE_PATH = "" "" $ "" "" CPLUS_INCLUDE_PATH: $ ldap / include
LD_LIBRARY_PATH = "" "" $ "" "" LD_LIBRARY_PATH: $ ldap / lib
LIBRARY_PATH = ""
5) export PATH CPLUS_INCLUDE_PATH LD_LIBRARY_PATH LIBRARY_PATH MANPATH
in /etc/rc.d/rc.local
su root -c `` $ ldap / libexec / slapd -f $ ldap / etc / openldap / slapd.conf ''
6) recompile PHP and bring The parameter --with-ldap = $ ldap makes PHP support openLDAP.
After recompiling and installing, your WEBSERVER will really support openLDAP. I will introduce the wonderful application of openLDAP in the future! !! !!
7) Download: ftp // ftp.OpenLDAP.org / pub / OpenLDAP / openldap-release / openldap-1.2.10.tgz
I find it very useful after installation.
Unzip it first:
#tar xzvf $ ver_ldap.tgz
and compile and install:
#. / Configure --prefix = $ ldap --enable-dns --enable-cldap --enable-ldapd --enable-wrappers --enable-phonetic- -enable-passwd --enable-shell
#make depend
#make
#make install
8) Modify the configuration file:
add in / etc / profile:
PATH = "" "" $ "" "" PATH: $ ldap / bin: $ ldap / sbin : $ ldap / libexec
CPLUS_INCLUDE_PATH = "" "" $ "" "" CPLUS_INCLUDE_PATH: $ ldap / include
LD_LIBRARY_PATH = "" "" $ "" "" LD_LIBRARY_PATH: $ ldap / lib
LIBRARY_PATH = ""
9) export PATH CPLUS_INCLUDE_PATH LD_LIBRARY_PATH LIBRARY_PATH MANPATH
in /etc/rc.d/rc.local
su root -c `` $ ldap / libexec / slapd -f $ ldap / etc / openldap / slapd.conf ''
10) recompile PHP and bring The parameter --with-ldap = $ ldap makes PHP support openLDAP.
After recompiling and installing, your WEBSERVER will really support openLDAP. I will introduce the wonderful application of openLDAP in the future! !! !!
Written by UndercOde
โ โ โ ๏ฝ๐๐ปโบ๐ซฤ๐ฌ๐โ โ โ โ
โ โ โ ๏ฝ๐๐ปโบ๐ซฤ๐ฌ๐โ โ โ โ
๐ฆ Install, reinstall windows backup Ubuntuโwubi by UndercOde :
pinterest.com/UndercOdeOfficial
๐ฆ ๐๐ผ๐๐ ๐๐๐ธโ๐
1) Back up a few small files. Before reinstalling windos, back up the wubidr, wubidr.mbr, boot.ini, bootfontbin, NTDETECT.COM, and NTLDR files in the C drive, and find them outside the C drive and save them. The above files are hidden system files. I believe you will find them if you
> install the system.
There are a few files that may not need to be changed, so I don't need to study them carefully. Copy and save them together. They are all very small.
2) Install it. I do nโt need to teach Windows
3) After installing the system, replace the backup files with the files of the same name in the C drive
It's over. It's that simple. After the restart everything is OK. Then use your dual system or ubuntu
Written by UndercOde
โ โ โ ๏ฝ๐๐ปโบ๐ซฤ๐ฌ๐โ โ โ โ
๐ฆ Install, reinstall windows backup Ubuntuโwubi by UndercOde :
pinterest.com/UndercOdeOfficial
๐ฆ ๐๐ผ๐๐ ๐๐๐ธโ๐
1) Back up a few small files. Before reinstalling windos, back up the wubidr, wubidr.mbr, boot.ini, bootfontbin, NTDETECT.COM, and NTLDR files in the C drive, and find them outside the C drive and save them. The above files are hidden system files. I believe you will find them if you
> install the system.
There are a few files that may not need to be changed, so I don't need to study them carefully. Copy and save them together. They are all very small.
2) Install it. I do nโt need to teach Windows
3) After installing the system, replace the backup files with the files of the same name in the C drive
It's over. It's that simple. After the restart everything is OK. Then use your dual system or ubuntu
Written by UndercOde
โ โ โ ๏ฝ๐๐ปโบ๐ซฤ๐ฌ๐โ โ โ โ
โ โ โ ๏ฝ๐๐ปโบ๐ซฤ๐ฌ๐โ โ โ โ
๐ฆ What is the NFS file systemโ What is NFS? Full by UndercOde :
pinterest.com/UndercOdeOfficial
๐ฆ ๐๐ผ๐๐ ๐๐๐ธโ๐
1) Network Film Systemใใใใ
NFS was developed by Sun Corporation and launched in 1984. NFS is an RPC service that enables us to achieve file sharing. It is designed to be used between different systems, so it The communication protocol design has nothing to do with the host and operating system. When users want to use remote files, they only need to use "mount" to mount the remote file system under their own file system. no two machines file.
2) machine a machine B
/ /
bin bin etc etc usr usr
man local man Share
3) If we on machine a, / usr / man machine should on machine a is attached to B / usr / man long Mount machine_name: / usr / man / usr / home
4) can mount over. And we can not only mount the directory, but also a file. After mounting, we can only do reading (or writing) on โโthe file, but you can not put this file or directory move, delete out on the remote machie, but it should be noted that as we mount / usr, can no longer mount / usr directory under, or an error will occur
5) Servers & Clients
NFS is to enable files on Servers to be mounted by other machines and achieve resource sharing. The machine that enjoys these files can be called a client. A client can mount a file or a hierarchy of files (file hierarchies) from the server. However, in fact, any machine can be an NFS server or NFS client, even NFS server and NFS client.
6) Servers Exporting & Clients Mounting
NFS server The files or directories exported are recorded in / etc / exports In a file, when we start the NFS server, this script in /etc/rc.local will automatically start the exportfs program, search for the existence of the file / etc / exports, and give the correct permissions to all exports. File hierarchies.
7) However, it should be noted that only the paths exported by the server can be mounted by the NFS client. Similarly, when the client is started, the system will automatically mount all server export paths, and all paths to the mount will be recorded Under / etc / fstab, the fstab file similar to the following
/ dev / sd0a / 4.2 rw 1 1
/ dev / sd0h / tmp 4.2 rw 1 3
/ dev / sd0g / usr 4.2 rw 1 2
/ dev / fd0 / pcfs pcfs rw, noauto 0 0
sparc20: / swap / swap nfs rw, intr, bg, soft 0 0
sparc17: / home / home nfs rw, intr, bg, soft 0 0
sparc17: / home3 / home3 nfs rw, intr, bg, soft 0 0
sparc14: / home4 / home4 nfs rw, intr, bg, soft 0 0
sparc20: / home2 / home2 nfs rw, intr, bg, soft 0 0
sparc20: / var / spool / mail / var / spool / mail nfs rw, intr, bg, soft 0 0
rs970: / home1 / home1 nfs rw, intr, bg , Soft 0 0
Written by UndercOde
โ โ โ ๏ฝ๐๐ปโบ๐ซฤ๐ฌ๐โ โ โ โ
๐ฆ What is the NFS file systemโ What is NFS? Full by UndercOde :
pinterest.com/UndercOdeOfficial
๐ฆ ๐๐ผ๐๐ ๐๐๐ธโ๐
1) Network Film Systemใใใใ
NFS was developed by Sun Corporation and launched in 1984. NFS is an RPC service that enables us to achieve file sharing. It is designed to be used between different systems, so it The communication protocol design has nothing to do with the host and operating system. When users want to use remote files, they only need to use "mount" to mount the remote file system under their own file system. no two machines file.
2) machine a machine B
/ /
bin bin etc etc usr usr
man local man Share
3) If we on machine a, / usr / man machine should on machine a is attached to B / usr / man long Mount machine_name: / usr / man / usr / home
4) can mount over. And we can not only mount the directory, but also a file. After mounting, we can only do reading (or writing) on โโthe file, but you can not put this file or directory move, delete out on the remote machie, but it should be noted that as we mount / usr, can no longer mount / usr directory under, or an error will occur
5) Servers & Clients
NFS is to enable files on Servers to be mounted by other machines and achieve resource sharing. The machine that enjoys these files can be called a client. A client can mount a file or a hierarchy of files (file hierarchies) from the server. However, in fact, any machine can be an NFS server or NFS client, even NFS server and NFS client.
6) Servers Exporting & Clients Mounting
NFS server The files or directories exported are recorded in / etc / exports In a file, when we start the NFS server, this script in /etc/rc.local will automatically start the exportfs program, search for the existence of the file / etc / exports, and give the correct permissions to all exports. File hierarchies.
7) However, it should be noted that only the paths exported by the server can be mounted by the NFS client. Similarly, when the client is started, the system will automatically mount all server export paths, and all paths to the mount will be recorded Under / etc / fstab, the fstab file similar to the following
/ dev / sd0a / 4.2 rw 1 1
/ dev / sd0h / tmp 4.2 rw 1 3
/ dev / sd0g / usr 4.2 rw 1 2
/ dev / fd0 / pcfs pcfs rw, noauto 0 0
sparc20: / swap / swap nfs rw, intr, bg, soft 0 0
sparc17: / home / home nfs rw, intr, bg, soft 0 0
sparc17: / home3 / home3 nfs rw, intr, bg, soft 0 0
sparc14: / home4 / home4 nfs rw, intr, bg, soft 0 0
sparc20: / home2 / home2 nfs rw, intr, bg, soft 0 0
sparc20: / var / spool / mail / var / spool / mail nfs rw, intr, bg, soft 0 0
rs970: / home1 / home1 nfs rw, intr, bg , Soft 0 0
Written by UndercOde
โ โ โ ๏ฝ๐๐ปโบ๐ซฤ๐ฌ๐โ โ โ โ
โ โ โ ๏ฝ๐๐ปโบ๐ซฤ๐ฌ๐โ โ โ โ
๐ฆ Understanding Before L Attack :
> What is the NFS file systemโ What is NFS? Full by UndercOde :
pinterest.com/UndercOdeOfficial
PART 2
๐ฆ ๐๐ผ๐๐ ๐๐๐ธโ๐
โ Noted:
when the client mount to a path, not saying this a path on the copy server to the local machine, we can cd into this mount to a path, just as is the use of local directory as
โก Setting Up a NFS Server
1) Define the machine as an NFS file server
2) Divide the servers disk and define which partitions are to be provided as
the file system shared by the client
3) Define the parameters of each client on the Client Form
4) Write Export / etc / exports (General systems have a default exports)
5) Re-boot NFS server or exportfs -a output instruction with all of the directories and start nfsd 8 & nfsd Daemon, resident in the background
๐ฆ ps details
1) check / etc / exports permission output path, can be modified to determine only root ,
all user can only read
2) Use exportfs to add or delete directories
exportfs -o access = engineering, ro = dancer / usr
exportfs -u / usr
3) If your machine does not have NIS (YP server) service, when changing data Remember to modify
/ etc / passwd
/ etc / group
/ etc / hosts
/ etc / ethers
4) Set
the syntax of security exportfs for your own network
/ usr / etc / exportfs [-avu] [-o option] [directory]
- a: export all the paths in / etc / exports
-u: unload the exported paths, such as exportfs -u / usr
-o option: such as exportfs -o ro / usr, everyone is read only to / usr
option also has root = hostname, access = client
access = netgroup
๐ฆ For example:
exportfs -a exports all the paths in exports
exportfs -o access = engineering: other / usr
/ usr This path has only engineering and other
group can read & write
exportfs -o access = oak, ro = dancer / usr
set the client to read / usr as read only, and only the oak group can read
/ etc / exports file
. directory -option [, option]
(set two groups to rw)
/ usr -access = engineering: accounting
/ home -access = engineering: accounting
/ var / spool / mail -access = engineering: accounting
/ export / exec / sun3 -access = engineering: accounting
/export/exec/sun3.sunos.4.1 -access = engineering: accounting
/export/exec/kvm/sun3.sunos.4.1 -access = engineering: accounting
/ export / root / birch -access = birch, root = birch
/ export / swap / birch -access = birch, root = birch
/ export / root / oak -access = oak, root = oak
/ export / swap / oak -access = oak, root = oak
/ export / root / willow -access = willow, root = willow
/ export / swap / willow -access = willow, root = willow
/ export / root / pine -accsee = pine, root = pine
/ export / swap / pine -accsee = pine, root = pine
(access = client, root = hostname so only the superuser of this client has the power rw)
Written by UndercOde
โ โ โ ๏ฝ๐๐ปโบ๐ซฤ๐ฌ๐โ โ โ โ
๐ฆ Understanding Before L Attack :
> What is the NFS file systemโ What is NFS? Full by UndercOde :
pinterest.com/UndercOdeOfficial
PART 2
๐ฆ ๐๐ผ๐๐ ๐๐๐ธโ๐
โ Noted:
when the client mount to a path, not saying this a path on the copy server to the local machine, we can cd into this mount to a path, just as is the use of local directory as
โก Setting Up a NFS Server
1) Define the machine as an NFS file server
2) Divide the servers disk and define which partitions are to be provided as
the file system shared by the client
3) Define the parameters of each client on the Client Form
4) Write Export / etc / exports (General systems have a default exports)
5) Re-boot NFS server or exportfs -a output instruction with all of the directories and start nfsd 8 & nfsd Daemon, resident in the background
๐ฆ ps details
1) check / etc / exports permission output path, can be modified to determine only root ,
all user can only read
2) Use exportfs to add or delete directories
exportfs -o access = engineering, ro = dancer / usr
exportfs -u / usr
3) If your machine does not have NIS (YP server) service, when changing data Remember to modify
/ etc / passwd
/ etc / group
/ etc / hosts
/ etc / ethers
4) Set
the syntax of security exportfs for your own network
/ usr / etc / exportfs [-avu] [-o option] [directory]
- a: export all the paths in / etc / exports
-u: unload the exported paths, such as exportfs -u / usr
-o option: such as exportfs -o ro / usr, everyone is read only to / usr
option also has root = hostname, access = client
access = netgroup
๐ฆ For example:
exportfs -a exports all the paths in exports
exportfs -o access = engineering: other / usr
/ usr This path has only engineering and other
group can read & write
exportfs -o access = oak, ro = dancer / usr
set the client to read / usr as read only, and only the oak group can read
/ etc / exports file
. directory -option [, option]
(set two groups to rw)
/ usr -access = engineering: accounting
/ home -access = engineering: accounting
/ var / spool / mail -access = engineering: accounting
/ export / exec / sun3 -access = engineering: accounting
/export/exec/sun3.sunos.4.1 -access = engineering: accounting
/export/exec/kvm/sun3.sunos.4.1 -access = engineering: accounting
/ export / root / birch -access = birch, root = birch
/ export / swap / birch -access = birch, root = birch
/ export / root / oak -access = oak, root = oak
/ export / swap / oak -access = oak, root = oak
/ export / root / willow -access = willow, root = willow
/ export / swap / willow -access = willow, root = willow
/ export / root / pine -accsee = pine, root = pine
/ export / swap / pine -accsee = pine, root = pine
(access = client, root = hostname so only the superuser of this client has the power rw)
Written by UndercOde
โ โ โ ๏ฝ๐๐ปโบ๐ซฤ๐ฌ๐โ โ โ โ
โ โ โ ๏ฝ๐๐ปโบ๐ซฤ๐ฌ๐โ โ โ โ
๐ฆ How Setting Up a NFS Client
Twitter.com/UndercOdeTC
๐ฆ Setting Up a NFS Client
1) Declare the machine as a client without a drive or data. Before using SunInstall
2) Edit the file / etc / fstab and make sure that the paths to be mounted are in fstab
3) According to fstab Set the content, set Mount points on the client
(mount_points is the path exported by exports using mkdir)
4) Make sure that the path we want to mount is in / etc / exports
5) You can start the mount to link the directories on the server (mount -a)
/ etc / fstab Example of a file
โ syntax filesystem directory type options freq pass
oak: / export / root / boomer / nfs rw 0 0
^^^
Because the file is on the server, not on client,
the client setting is 0
oak: / export / exec / sun3 / usr nfs ro 0 0
oak: / export / exec / kvm / sun3 / usr / kvm nfs ro 0 0
oak: / usr / share / usr / share nfs ro 0 0
oak: / home / oak / home / oak nfs rw, bg 0 0
๐ฆ mount syntax
โ syntax: mount -t type [-rv] -o [option] server: pathname / mount_point
MOUNT:
mount -a mount all the paths listed in / etc / fstab
mount -o ro, soft, bg dancer : / usr / local / usr / local / dancer
to dancer server's / usr / local mount to the client
/ usr / local / dancer and is only the Read
-t of the type: you want to mount Type, such as nfs or 4.2
-r: The mounted path is set to read only
-v: For each action of the mount process, messages are returned to the screen.
Hard: Repeat the request until the server responds. Do not respond to
the server may be down!
Soft: When the client's request cannot be responded, an
error message is returned after retry one time.
Bg: When the first request is unsuccessful, the second mount will be executed in the background.
Fg: retries mount has been performing
intr under the prompt symbol : when an NFS request is in progress, allow the keyboard to interrupt
๐ฆ the message when the mount is successful
NFS server hostname ok
hard mount fail
NFS server hostname not responding, still trying
soft... hostname server not reponding: RPC: Timed out
ยง UNMOUNT:
umount mount_point
umount -a unmount all the paths already mounted
1) Declare the machine as a client without a drive or data. Before using SunInstall
2) Edit the file / etc / fstab and make sure that the paths to be mounted are in fstab
3) According to fstab Set the content, set Mount points on the client
(mount_points is the path exported by exports using mkdir)
4) Make sure that the path we want to mount is in / etc / exports
5) You can start the mount to link the directories on the server (mount -a)
/ etc / fstab Example of a file
โ syntax filesystem directory type options freq pass
oak: / export / root / boomer / nfs rw 0 0
^^^
Because the file is on the server, not on client,
the client setting is 0
oak: / export / exec / sun3 / usr nfs ro 0 0
oak: / export / exec / kvm / sun3 / usr / kvm nfs ro 0 0
oak: / usr / share / usr / share nfs ro 0 0
oak: / home / oak / home / oak nfs rw, bg 0 0
๐ฆ How NFS Work?
When we start the NFS file server, /etc/rc.local will automatically launch the exportfs program, specifying the files or directories that can be exported And we can only mount the specified directory.
โก NFS is built on top of the XDR / RPC protocol.
XDR: (eXternal Data Representation) External data representation
XDR (eXternal Data Representation) provides a way to data from one format to another data format standard notation to ensure that different computer, operating system and computer language, meaning that all data are represented by the same
RPC: (Remote procedure calls) remote procedure call
RPC (Remote Procedure Calls) Remote procedure calls, requesting the remote computer to provide service. The client will send RPC to the remote computer through the network, requesting service.
(General local machine: client remote machine: server)
Written by UndercOde
โ โ โ ๏ฝ๐๐ปโบ๐ซฤ๐ฌ๐โ โ โ โ
๐ฆ How Setting Up a NFS Client
Twitter.com/UndercOdeTC
๐ฆ Setting Up a NFS Client
1) Declare the machine as a client without a drive or data. Before using SunInstall
2) Edit the file / etc / fstab and make sure that the paths to be mounted are in fstab
3) According to fstab Set the content, set Mount points on the client
(mount_points is the path exported by exports using mkdir)
4) Make sure that the path we want to mount is in / etc / exports
5) You can start the mount to link the directories on the server (mount -a)
/ etc / fstab Example of a file
โ syntax filesystem directory type options freq pass
oak: / export / root / boomer / nfs rw 0 0
^^^
Because the file is on the server, not on client,
the client setting is 0
oak: / export / exec / sun3 / usr nfs ro 0 0
oak: / export / exec / kvm / sun3 / usr / kvm nfs ro 0 0
oak: / usr / share / usr / share nfs ro 0 0
oak: / home / oak / home / oak nfs rw, bg 0 0
๐ฆ mount syntax
โ syntax: mount -t type [-rv] -o [option] server: pathname / mount_point
MOUNT:
mount -a mount all the paths listed in / etc / fstab
mount -o ro, soft, bg dancer : / usr / local / usr / local / dancer
to dancer server's / usr / local mount to the client
/ usr / local / dancer and is only the Read
-t of the type: you want to mount Type, such as nfs or 4.2
-r: The mounted path is set to read only
-v: For each action of the mount process, messages are returned to the screen.
Hard: Repeat the request until the server responds. Do not respond to
the server may be down!
Soft: When the client's request cannot be responded, an
error message is returned after retry one time.
Bg: When the first request is unsuccessful, the second mount will be executed in the background.
Fg: retries mount has been performing
intr under the prompt symbol : when an NFS request is in progress, allow the keyboard to interrupt
๐ฆ the message when the mount is successful
NFS server hostname ok
hard mount fail
NFS server hostname not responding, still trying
soft... hostname server not reponding: RPC: Timed out
ยง UNMOUNT:
umount mount_point
umount -a unmount all the paths already mounted
1) Declare the machine as a client without a drive or data. Before using SunInstall
2) Edit the file / etc / fstab and make sure that the paths to be mounted are in fstab
3) According to fstab Set the content, set Mount points on the client
(mount_points is the path exported by exports using mkdir)
4) Make sure that the path we want to mount is in / etc / exports
5) You can start the mount to link the directories on the server (mount -a)
/ etc / fstab Example of a file
โ syntax filesystem directory type options freq pass
oak: / export / root / boomer / nfs rw 0 0
^^^
Because the file is on the server, not on client,
the client setting is 0
oak: / export / exec / sun3 / usr nfs ro 0 0
oak: / export / exec / kvm / sun3 / usr / kvm nfs ro 0 0
oak: / usr / share / usr / share nfs ro 0 0
oak: / home / oak / home / oak nfs rw, bg 0 0
๐ฆ How NFS Work?
When we start the NFS file server, /etc/rc.local will automatically launch the exportfs program, specifying the files or directories that can be exported And we can only mount the specified directory.
โก NFS is built on top of the XDR / RPC protocol.
XDR: (eXternal Data Representation) External data representation
XDR (eXternal Data Representation) provides a way to data from one format to another data format standard notation to ensure that different computer, operating system and computer language, meaning that all data are represented by the same
RPC: (Remote procedure calls) remote procedure call
RPC (Remote Procedure Calls) Remote procedure calls, requesting the remote computer to provide service. The client will send RPC to the remote computer through the network, requesting service.
(General local machine: client remote machine: server)
Written by UndercOde
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๐ฆUPX Unpacking Process
T.me/UndercOdeTesting
๐ฆBefore we begin with unpacking exercise, lets try to understand the working of UPX.
1) When you pack any Executable with UPX, all existing sections (text, data, rsrc etc) are compressed.
2) Each of these sections are named as UPX0, UPX1 etc.
3) Then it adds new code section at the end of file which will actually decompress all the packed sections at execution time.
๐ฆHere is what happens during the execution of UPX packed EXE file..
1) Execution starts from new OEP (from newly added code section at the end of file)
2) First it saves the current Register Status using PUSHAD instruction
3) All the Packed Sections are Unpacked in memory
4) Resolve the import table of original executable file.
5) Restore the original Register Status using POPAD instruction
6) Finally Jumps to Original Entry point to begin the actual execution
๐ฆ Manual Unpacking of UPX
1) Here are the standard steps involved in any Unpacking operation
2) Debug the EXE to find the real OEP (Original Entry Point)
3) At OEP, Dump the fully Unpacked Program to Disk
4) Fix the Import Table
5) Based on type and complexity of Packer, unpacking operation may vary in terms of time and difficulty.
6) UPX is the basic Packer and serves as great example for anyone who wants to learn Unpacking.
๐ฆwe will use OllyDbg to debug & unpack the UPX packed EXE file.
> Although you can use any debugger, OllyDbg is one of the best ring 3 debugger for Reverse Engineering with its useful plugins.
@UndercOdeOfficial
โ โ โ ๏ฝ๐๐ปโบ๐ซฤ๐ฌ๐โ โ โ โ
๐ฆUPX Unpacking Process
T.me/UndercOdeTesting
๐ฆBefore we begin with unpacking exercise, lets try to understand the working of UPX.
1) When you pack any Executable with UPX, all existing sections (text, data, rsrc etc) are compressed.
2) Each of these sections are named as UPX0, UPX1 etc.
3) Then it adds new code section at the end of file which will actually decompress all the packed sections at execution time.
๐ฆHere is what happens during the execution of UPX packed EXE file..
1) Execution starts from new OEP (from newly added code section at the end of file)
2) First it saves the current Register Status using PUSHAD instruction
3) All the Packed Sections are Unpacked in memory
4) Resolve the import table of original executable file.
5) Restore the original Register Status using POPAD instruction
6) Finally Jumps to Original Entry point to begin the actual execution
๐ฆ Manual Unpacking of UPX
1) Here are the standard steps involved in any Unpacking operation
2) Debug the EXE to find the real OEP (Original Entry Point)
3) At OEP, Dump the fully Unpacked Program to Disk
4) Fix the Import Table
5) Based on type and complexity of Packer, unpacking operation may vary in terms of time and difficulty.
6) UPX is the basic Packer and serves as great example for anyone who wants to learn Unpacking.
๐ฆwe will use OllyDbg to debug & unpack the UPX packed EXE file.
> Although you can use any debugger, OllyDbg is one of the best ring 3 debugger for Reverse Engineering with its useful plugins.
@UndercOdeOfficial
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โ โ โ ๏ฝ๐๐ปโบ๐ซฤ๐ฌ๐โ โ โ โ
๐ฆ Detailed usage of dumpsys command in android
Original
twitter.com/UndercOdeTC
> On an android phone, you can enter the android system shell by using the adb shell command. This shell supports some commonly used standard commands and other commands related to the android system. These commands can print the current status information of the system. . dumpsys is one such command.
๐ฆ ๐๐ผ๐๐ ๐๐๐ธโ๐
Currently running services:
SurfaceFlinger
accessibility
account
activity
alarm
android.security.keystore
appops
appwidget
assetatlas
audio
backup
battery
batterypropreg
batterystats
bluetooth_manager
clipboard
commontime_management
connectivity
consumer_ir
content
country_detector
cpuinfo
dbinfo
device_policy
devicestoragemonitor
diskstats
display
display.qservice
dreams
drm.drmManager
dropbox
entropy
gfxinfo
hardware
input
input_method
iphonesubinfo
isms
location
lock_settings
media.audio_flinger
media.audio_policy
media.camera
media.player
media_router
meminfo
mount
netpolicy
netstats
network_management
nfc
notification
package
permission
phone
power
print
procstats
samplingprofiler
scheduling_policy
search
sensorservice
serial
servicediscovery
simphonebook
sip
statusbar
telephony.registry
textservices
uimode
updatelock
usagestats
usb
user
vibrator
wallpaper
wifi
wifip2p
window
๐ฆ Detailed usage of dumpsys command in android
Original
twitter.com/UndercOdeTC
> On an android phone, you can enter the android system shell by using the adb shell command. This shell supports some commonly used standard commands and other commands related to the android system. These commands can print the current status information of the system. . dumpsys is one such command.
๐ฆ ๐๐ผ๐๐ ๐๐๐ธโ๐
Currently running services:
SurfaceFlinger
accessibility
account
activity
alarm
android.security.keystore
appops
appwidget
assetatlas
audio
backup
battery
batterypropreg
batterystats
bluetooth_manager
clipboard
commontime_management
connectivity
consumer_ir
content
country_detector
cpuinfo
dbinfo
device_policy
devicestoragemonitor
diskstats
display
display.qservice
dreams
drm.drmManager
dropbox
entropy
gfxinfo
hardware
input
input_method
iphonesubinfo
isms
location
lock_settings
media.audio_flinger
media.audio_policy
media.camera
media.player
media_router
meminfo
mount
netpolicy
netstats
network_management
nfc
notification
package
permission
phone
power
procstats
samplingprofiler
scheduling_policy
search
sensorservice
serial
servicediscovery
simphonebook
sip
statusbar
telephony.registry
textservices
uimode
updatelock
usagestats
usb
user
vibrator
wallpaper
wifi
wifip2p
window
Written by UndercOde
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๐ฆAnalysis of IP Fragmentation by UndercOde :
instagram.com/UndercOdeTestingCompany
๐ฆ ๐๐ผ๐๐ ๐๐๐ธโ๐
1) in TCP / IP layering, the data link layer uses MTU (Maximum Transmission Unit) to limit the size of the data packets that can be transmitted.
2) MTU refers to the maximum length of data transmitted at one time, excluding data at the data link layer The frame header, such as the MTU of Ethernet, is 1500 bytes.
3) In fact, the maximum length of a data frame is 1512 bytes, of which the frame header of an Ethernet data frame is 12 bytes.
4) When the size of the sent IP datagram exceeds the MTU, the IP layer needs to fragment the data, otherwise the data will not be sent successfully.
๐ฆAnalysis of IP Fragmentation by UndercOde :
instagram.com/UndercOdeTestingCompany
๐ฆ ๐๐ผ๐๐ ๐๐๐ธโ๐
1) in TCP / IP layering, the data link layer uses MTU (Maximum Transmission Unit) to limit the size of the data packets that can be transmitted.
2) MTU refers to the maximum length of data transmitted at one time, excluding data at the data link layer The frame header, such as the MTU of Ethernet, is 1500 bytes.
3) In fact, the maximum length of a data frame is 1512 bytes, of which the frame header of an Ethernet data frame is 12 bytes.
4) When the size of the sent IP datagram exceeds the MTU, the IP layer needs to fragment the data, otherwise the data will not be sent successfully.
Written by UndercOde
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๐ฆ Implementation of IP fragmentation
t.me/UndercOdeTesting
๐ฆ ๐๐ผ๐๐ ๐๐๐ธโ๐
1) IP fragmentation occurs at the IP layer.
>Not only the source host will fragment, but intermediate routers may also fragment, because the MTU of different networks is different. If the MTU is small, the router may fragment the IP datagram again.
2) The reassembly of fragmented data can only occur at the IP layer of the destination.
3) There are 4 bytes in the IP header for fragmentation
> . The first 16 bits are the ID of the IP datagram.
4) The IDs of the fragments of the same datagram are the same.
5) The destination will determine whether the IP fragments belong to the same IP datagram based on this ID. The middle 3 bits are flag bits, of which 1 bit is used to indicate whether there are more fragments. If it is the last fragment, the flag bit is 0, otherwise it is 1.
6) The last 13 bits indicate the offset of the fragment in the original data. The original data here is the TCP or UDP data transmitted by the IP layer, and does not include the IP header.
๐ฆ Flag field: 16 bits. Used to uniquely identify each datagram sent by the host. Normally, every time a message is sent, its value is increased by 1.
> This is
the meaning of the three flag bits of IPID:
1) R: reserved unused;
2) DF: Don't Fragment, "No Fragment" bit. If this bit is set to 1, the IP layer will not fragment the datagram; instead, the data will be fragmented. discarding a packet and sends an ICMP error packet discarding and the source host causes
3) MF: more Fragment, "more on-chip", except the last one, the other piece of each constituent datagram should set the bit. 1;
4) Fragment Offset : The slice is offset from the beginning of the original packet. The number of bytes offset is the value multiplied by 8.
Written by UndercOde
โ โ โ ๏ฝ๐๐ปโบ๐ซฤ๐ฌ๐โ โ โ โ
๐ฆ Implementation of IP fragmentation
t.me/UndercOdeTesting
๐ฆ ๐๐ผ๐๐ ๐๐๐ธโ๐
1) IP fragmentation occurs at the IP layer.
>Not only the source host will fragment, but intermediate routers may also fragment, because the MTU of different networks is different. If the MTU is small, the router may fragment the IP datagram again.
2) The reassembly of fragmented data can only occur at the IP layer of the destination.
3) There are 4 bytes in the IP header for fragmentation
> . The first 16 bits are the ID of the IP datagram.
4) The IDs of the fragments of the same datagram are the same.
5) The destination will determine whether the IP fragments belong to the same IP datagram based on this ID. The middle 3 bits are flag bits, of which 1 bit is used to indicate whether there are more fragments. If it is the last fragment, the flag bit is 0, otherwise it is 1.
6) The last 13 bits indicate the offset of the fragment in the original data. The original data here is the TCP or UDP data transmitted by the IP layer, and does not include the IP header.
๐ฆ Flag field: 16 bits. Used to uniquely identify each datagram sent by the host. Normally, every time a message is sent, its value is increased by 1.
> This is
the meaning of the three flag bits of IPID:
1) R: reserved unused;
2) DF: Don't Fragment, "No Fragment" bit. If this bit is set to 1, the IP layer will not fragment the datagram; instead, the data will be fragmented. discarding a packet and sends an ICMP error packet discarding and the source host causes
3) MF: more Fragment, "more on-chip", except the last one, the other piece of each constituent datagram should set the bit. 1;
4) Fragment Offset : The slice is offset from the beginning of the original packet. The number of bytes offset is the value multiplied by 8.
Written by UndercOde
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