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1734579716223.pdf
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🦑🔐Cracking the Secrets of JWT Hacking 🔍

Are you ready to uncover the vulnerabilities in JSON Web Tokens (JWTs) and learn how to secure them effectively? 🌐 Here’s a detailed guide on JWT hacking and best practices to safeguard them:

💡 Common JWT Vulnerabilities:

1️⃣ Weak Signing Algorithm (e.g., none): Exploiting algorithms like HS256 or RS256 with insecure configurations.
2️⃣ Key Disclosure: Using predictable or publicly exposed keys for token signing.
3️⃣ JWT Manipulation: Modifying the header or payload to escalate privileges or bypass authentication.
4️⃣ Lack of Expiration: Tokens without expiry enable unauthorized access for extended periods.
5️⃣ Insufficient Signature Validation: Failure to properly validate JWT signatures.

🛠️ JWT Hacking Techniques:
• Header Tampering: Altering the algorithm to “none” to bypass signature verification.
• Key Cracking: Brute-forcing weak or mismanaged secrets.
• Replay Attacks: Reusing captured tokens to impersonate users.
• Payload Tampering: Modifying claims (e.g., admin: true) to escalate privileges.
• Algorithm Downgrade Attacks: Switching from a strong algorithm (RS256) to a weaker one (HS256) if the server mishandles keys.
• Client-Side Storage Exploitation: Stealing tokens stored in localStorage or sessionStorage via XSS.

How to Secure JWTs:

🔒 Use Strong Algorithms: Always use strong algorithms like RS256 with secure key management.
Set Expiry Times: Define short-lived tokens with the exp claim to reduce exposure.
📜 Enforce Algorithm Validation: Ensure the server validates the specified algorithm and rejects “none.”
🔑 Implement Secure Key Storage: Store signing keys securely (e.g., in environment variables or vaults).
🔍 Monitor Token Usage: Log and monitor API requests for anomalies or unusual token behavior.
🔄 Rotate Secrets Regularly: Frequently update your keys to limit exposure in case of leaks.
🧱 Protect Client-Side Storage: Use HTTP-only, Secure cookies instead of localStorage or sessionStorage.

💻 Top Tools for JWT Testing:

🛠️ jwt.io – Decode, debug, and test tokens.
🛠️ Burp Suite – Intercept API requests and test JWT-based flows.
🛠️ Postman – Manual testing for API endpoints using JWT.
🛠️ HackTools – A browser extension with JWT cracking utilities.
🛠️ John the Ripper – Brute-force JWT secrets.
🛠️ JARM Tool – Analyze JWT for misconfigurations and vulnerabilities.

🔗 Additional Tips:

🔵 Avoid storing sensitive data directly in the JWT payload, even if encrypted.
🔵 Validate tokens at every API endpoint.
🔵 Beware of Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) attacks that could expose JWTs.

🔐 JSON Web Tokens (JWTs) are powerful tools for modern applications, but they come with risks. Whether you’re a developer or penetration tester, mastering JWT security is critical for keeping your systems safe. 🚀

Ref: in pdf
@UndercodeCommunity
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Forwarded from Exploiting Crew (Pr1vAt3)
Azure Firewall.pdf
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Forwarded from Exploiting Crew (Pr1vAt3)
🦑🟥🟥Azure Firewall 🟥🟥

🚀 Azure Firewall is a stateful, cloud-native network security service designed to secure your Azure workloads and ensure compliance in today’s threat-laden digital landscape.

🔑 Key Features You Need to Know:
1️⃣ Application and Network Rule Filtering
• Define rules based on FQDNs, ports, and protocols to control inbound and outbound traffic.
• Layer 7 filtering for advanced application-level protection.

2️⃣ Threat Intelligence-Based Filtering
• Leverage Microsoft Threat Intelligence to block malicious IPs and domains automatically.
• Get real-time threat updates for proactive defense.

3️⃣ Built-in High Availability
• No need for load balancers—Azure Firewall is built for redundancy and 99.95% SLA.

4️⃣ Dynamic Scalability
• Scales automatically to handle high traffic volumes, ensuring uninterrupted security.

5️⃣ Centralized Policy Management
• Manage security policies across multiple Azure Firewalls using Azure Firewall Manager.

6️⃣ Logging and Analytics
• Monitor traffic patterns with deep logging and analytics in Azure Monitor and Sentinel.

7️⃣ Hybrid and Multi-Cloud Support
• Secure traffic between on-premises, Azure, and other cloud providers using ExpressRoute and VPN Gateway.

💡 Advanced Scenarios with Azure Firewall:
Network Address Translation (NAT): Protect public-facing services with DNAT/SNAT rules.
Integration with Private Link: Secure connections to Azure PaaS services.
Zero Trust Network Security: Enforce strict segmentation and access controls.

📈 Why Choose Azure Firewall?
🔒 Enterprise-grade security with TLS inspection and IDPS (Intrusion Detection & Prevention System).
🌍 Globally distributed for large-scale enterprise needs.
Effortless integration with Azure Security Center, Azure Virtual WAN, and Third-party SIEM tools.

Ref: Mahesh Girhe
@UndercodeCommunity
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