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π¦ 2020 new Custom bash scripts used to automate various penetration testing tasks including recon, scanning, parsing, and creating malicious payloads and listeners with Metasploit.
t.me/UndercodeTesting
π¦ ππΌππ πππΈβπ :
1) git clone https://github.com/leebaird/discover /opt/discover/
2) All scripts must be ran from this location.
cd /opt/discover/
3) ./update.sh
π¦ RECON
1. Domain
2. Person
3. Parse salesforce
SCANNING
4. Generate target list
5. CIDR
6. List
7. IP, range, or domain
8. Rerun Nmap scripts and MSF aux
WEB
9. Insecure direct object reference
10. Open multiple tabs in Firefox
11. Nikto
12. SSL
MISC
13. Parse XML
14. Generate a malicious payload
15. Start a Metasploit listener
16. Update
17. Exit
π¦ Tested on
> kali
> debian
> parrot
β β β ο½ππ»βΊπ«Δπ¬πβ β β β
π¦ 2020 new Custom bash scripts used to automate various penetration testing tasks including recon, scanning, parsing, and creating malicious payloads and listeners with Metasploit.
t.me/UndercodeTesting
π¦ ππΌππ πππΈβπ :
1) git clone https://github.com/leebaird/discover /opt/discover/
2) All scripts must be ran from this location.
cd /opt/discover/
3) ./update.sh
π¦ RECON
1. Domain
2. Person
3. Parse salesforce
SCANNING
4. Generate target list
5. CIDR
6. List
7. IP, range, or domain
8. Rerun Nmap scripts and MSF aux
WEB
9. Insecure direct object reference
10. Open multiple tabs in Firefox
11. Nikto
12. SSL
MISC
13. Parse XML
14. Generate a malicious payload
15. Start a Metasploit listener
16. Update
17. Exit
π¦ Tested on
> kali
> debian
> parrot
β β β ο½ππ»βΊπ«Δπ¬πβ β β β
β β β ο½ππ»βΊπ«Δπ¬πβ β β β
π¦ 2020 new A security tool for multithreaded information gathering and service enumeration whilst building directory structures to store results, along with writing out recommendations for further testing.
pinterest.com/undercode_Testing
π¦ ππΌππ πππΈβπ :
1) git clone https://github.com/codingo/Reconnoitre.git
After you have done this run setup.py with the following:
2) python3 setup.py install
After setup has run Reconnoitre will now be in your path (as reconnoitre) and you can launch it anywhere using:
reconnoitre <args>
3) Discover live hosts and hostnames within a range
reconnoitre -t 192.168.1.1-252 -o /root/Documents/testing/ --pingsweep --hostnames
4) Discover live hosts within a range and then do a quick probe for services
reconnoitre -t 192.168.1.1-252 -o /root/Documents/testing/ --pingsweep --services --quick
5) This will scan all services within a target range to create a file structure of live hosts as well as write recommendations for other commands to be executed based on the services discovered on these machines. Removing --quick will do a further probe but will greatly lengthen execution times.
6) Discover live hosts within a range and then do probe all ports (UDP and TCP) for services
reconnoitre -t 192.168.1.1-252 -o /root/Documents/testing/ --pingsweep --services
π¦COMMANDS :
-h, --help Display help message and exit
-t TARGET_HOSTS Set either a target range of addresses or a single host to target. May also be a file containing hosts.
-o OUTPUT_DIRECTORY Set the target directory where results should be written.
-w WORDLIST Optionally specify your own wordlist to use for pre-compiled commands, or executed attacks.
--pingsweep Write a new target.txt file in the OUTPUT_DIRECTORY by performing a ping sweep and discovering live hosts.
--dns, --dnssweep Find DNS servers from the list of target(s).
--snmp Find hosts responding to SNMP requests from the list of target(s).
--services Perform a service scan over the target(s) and write recommendations for further commands to execute.
--hostnames Attempt to discover target hostnames and write to hostnames.txt.
--virtualhosts Attempt to discover virtual hosts using the specified wordlist. This can be expended via discovered hostnames.
--ignore-http-codes Comma separated list of http codes to ignore with virtual host scans.
--ignore-content-length Ignore content lengths of specificed amount. This may become useful when a server returns a static page on every virtual host guess.
--quiet Supress banner and headers and limit feedback to grepable results.
--quick Move to the next target after performing a quick scan and writing first-round recommendations.
--no-udp Disable UDP service scanning, which is ON by default.
β β β ο½ππ»βΊπ«Δπ¬πβ β β β
π¦ 2020 new A security tool for multithreaded information gathering and service enumeration whilst building directory structures to store results, along with writing out recommendations for further testing.
pinterest.com/undercode_Testing
π¦ ππΌππ πππΈβπ :
1) git clone https://github.com/codingo/Reconnoitre.git
After you have done this run setup.py with the following:
2) python3 setup.py install
After setup has run Reconnoitre will now be in your path (as reconnoitre) and you can launch it anywhere using:
reconnoitre <args>
3) Discover live hosts and hostnames within a range
reconnoitre -t 192.168.1.1-252 -o /root/Documents/testing/ --pingsweep --hostnames
4) Discover live hosts within a range and then do a quick probe for services
reconnoitre -t 192.168.1.1-252 -o /root/Documents/testing/ --pingsweep --services --quick
5) This will scan all services within a target range to create a file structure of live hosts as well as write recommendations for other commands to be executed based on the services discovered on these machines. Removing --quick will do a further probe but will greatly lengthen execution times.
6) Discover live hosts within a range and then do probe all ports (UDP and TCP) for services
reconnoitre -t 192.168.1.1-252 -o /root/Documents/testing/ --pingsweep --services
π¦COMMANDS :
-h, --help Display help message and exit
-t TARGET_HOSTS Set either a target range of addresses or a single host to target. May also be a file containing hosts.
-o OUTPUT_DIRECTORY Set the target directory where results should be written.
-w WORDLIST Optionally specify your own wordlist to use for pre-compiled commands, or executed attacks.
--pingsweep Write a new target.txt file in the OUTPUT_DIRECTORY by performing a ping sweep and discovering live hosts.
--dns, --dnssweep Find DNS servers from the list of target(s).
--snmp Find hosts responding to SNMP requests from the list of target(s).
--services Perform a service scan over the target(s) and write recommendations for further commands to execute.
--hostnames Attempt to discover target hostnames and write to hostnames.txt.
--virtualhosts Attempt to discover virtual hosts using the specified wordlist. This can be expended via discovered hostnames.
--ignore-http-codes Comma separated list of http codes to ignore with virtual host scans.
--ignore-content-length Ignore content lengths of specificed amount. This may become useful when a server returns a static page on every virtual host guess.
--quiet Supress banner and headers and limit feedback to grepable results.
--quick Move to the next target after performing a quick scan and writing first-round recommendations.
--no-udp Disable UDP service scanning, which is ON by default.
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Pinterest
UnderCode TESTING (UNDERCODE_TESTING) - Profile | Pinterest
UnderCode TESTING | πππππ£βπ ππ πππ€π₯πππ βπ ππ‘πππͺ:
Programming, Web & Applications makers, Host, bugs fix, Satellite Reicivers Programming..
Started Since 2011
Programming, Web & Applications makers, Host, bugs fix, Satellite Reicivers Programming..
Started Since 2011
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π¦ fast wifi hacking, snifff data updated :
t.me/UndercodeTesting
π¦ ππΌππ πππΈβπ :
1) git clone https://github.com/xdavidhu/mitmAP"
starting:
2) Kali Linux -> "sudo python3 mitmAP.py"
3) Raspberry PI -> "sudo python3 mitmAP_rpi.py"
π¦FEATURES :
SSLstrip2
Driftnet
Tshark
Full featured access point, with configurable speed limit
mitmproxy
Wireshark
DNS Spoofing
Saving results to file
β β β ο½ππ»βΊπ«Δπ¬πβ β β β
π¦ fast wifi hacking, snifff data updated :
t.me/UndercodeTesting
π¦ ππΌππ πππΈβπ :
1) git clone https://github.com/xdavidhu/mitmAP"
starting:
2) Kali Linux -> "sudo python3 mitmAP.py"
3) Raspberry PI -> "sudo python3 mitmAP_rpi.py"
π¦FEATURES :
SSLstrip2
Driftnet
Tshark
Full featured access point, with configurable speed limit
mitmproxy
Wireshark
DNS Spoofing
Saving results to file
β β β ο½ππ»βΊπ«Δπ¬πβ β β β
β β β ο½ππ»βΊπ«Δπ¬πβ β β β
π¦2020 updated Offensive Web Testing Framework (OWTF), is a framework which tries to unite great tools and make pen testing more efficient
fb.com/undercodeTesting
π¦ FEATURES :
Resilience: If one tool crashes OWTF, will move on to the next tool/test, saving the partial output of the tool until it crashed.
Flexible: Pause and resume your work.
Tests Separation: OWTF separates its traffic to the target into mainly 3 types of plugins:
Passive : No traffic goes to the target
Semi Passive : Normal traffic to target
Active: Direct vulnerability probing
Extensive REST API.
Has almost complete OWASP Testing Guide(v3, v4), Top 10, NIST, CWE coverage.
Web interface: Easily manage large penetration engagements easily.
Interactive report:
Automated plugin rankings from the tool output, fully configurable by the user.
Configurable risk rankings
In-line notes editor for each plugin.
π¦ ππΌππ πππΈβπ :
1) $ python3 -m venv ~/.virtualenvs/owtf
2) $ source ~/.virtualenvs/owtf/bin/activate
3) $ brew install coreutils gnu-sed openssl
# We need to install 'cryptography' first to avoid issues
4) $ pip install cryptography --global-option=build_ext --global-option="-L/usr/local/opt/openssl/lib" --global-option="-I/usr/local/opt/openssl/include"
π¦ Recommended:
1) docker is installed (https://www.docker.com/products/docker-desktop)
Using a virtualenv is highly recommended!
2) Create and start the PostgreSQL database server
Please make sure you have Docker installed!
3) Run make startdb to create and start the PostgreSQL server in a Docker container. In the default configuration, it listens on port 5342 exposed from Docker container.
4) Manual setup (painful and error-prone)
You can also use a script to this for you - find it in scripts/db_setup.sh. You'll need to modify any hardcoded variables if you change the corresponding ones in owtf/settings.py.
5) Start the postgreSQL server,
π¦ macOS: brew install postgresql and pg_ctl -D /usr/local/var/postgres start
<> Kali: sudo systemctl enable postgresql; sudo systemctl start postgresql or sudo service postgresql start
π¦Create the owtf_db_user user,
macOS: psql postgres -c "CREATE USER $db_user WITH PASSWORD '$db_pass';"
Kali: sudo su postgres -c "psql -c \"CREATE USER $db_user WITH PASSWORD '$db_pass'\""
Create the database,
macOS: psql postgres -c "CREATE DATABASE $db_name WITH OWNER $db_user ENCODING 'utf-8' TEMPLATE template0;"
Kali: sudo su postgres -c "psql -c \"CREATE DATABASE $db_name WITH OWNER $db_user ENCODING 'utf-8' TEMPLATE template0;\""
Installing OWTF
pip install git+https://github.com/owtf/owtf#egg=owtf or clone the repo and python setup.py develop.
owtf and open localhost:8009 for the OWTF web interface or owtf --help for all available commands.
β β β ο½ππ»βΊπ«Δπ¬πβ β β β
π¦2020 updated Offensive Web Testing Framework (OWTF), is a framework which tries to unite great tools and make pen testing more efficient
fb.com/undercodeTesting
π¦ FEATURES :
Resilience: If one tool crashes OWTF, will move on to the next tool/test, saving the partial output of the tool until it crashed.
Flexible: Pause and resume your work.
Tests Separation: OWTF separates its traffic to the target into mainly 3 types of plugins:
Passive : No traffic goes to the target
Semi Passive : Normal traffic to target
Active: Direct vulnerability probing
Extensive REST API.
Has almost complete OWASP Testing Guide(v3, v4), Top 10, NIST, CWE coverage.
Web interface: Easily manage large penetration engagements easily.
Interactive report:
Automated plugin rankings from the tool output, fully configurable by the user.
Configurable risk rankings
In-line notes editor for each plugin.
π¦ ππΌππ πππΈβπ :
1) $ python3 -m venv ~/.virtualenvs/owtf
2) $ source ~/.virtualenvs/owtf/bin/activate
3) $ brew install coreutils gnu-sed openssl
# We need to install 'cryptography' first to avoid issues
4) $ pip install cryptography --global-option=build_ext --global-option="-L/usr/local/opt/openssl/lib" --global-option="-I/usr/local/opt/openssl/include"
π¦ Recommended:
1) docker is installed (https://www.docker.com/products/docker-desktop)
Using a virtualenv is highly recommended!
2) Create and start the PostgreSQL database server
Please make sure you have Docker installed!
3) Run make startdb to create and start the PostgreSQL server in a Docker container. In the default configuration, it listens on port 5342 exposed from Docker container.
4) Manual setup (painful and error-prone)
You can also use a script to this for you - find it in scripts/db_setup.sh. You'll need to modify any hardcoded variables if you change the corresponding ones in owtf/settings.py.
5) Start the postgreSQL server,
π¦ macOS: brew install postgresql and pg_ctl -D /usr/local/var/postgres start
<> Kali: sudo systemctl enable postgresql; sudo systemctl start postgresql or sudo service postgresql start
π¦Create the owtf_db_user user,
macOS: psql postgres -c "CREATE USER $db_user WITH PASSWORD '$db_pass';"
Kali: sudo su postgres -c "psql -c \"CREATE USER $db_user WITH PASSWORD '$db_pass'\""
Create the database,
macOS: psql postgres -c "CREATE DATABASE $db_name WITH OWNER $db_user ENCODING 'utf-8' TEMPLATE template0;"
Kali: sudo su postgres -c "psql -c \"CREATE DATABASE $db_name WITH OWNER $db_user ENCODING 'utf-8' TEMPLATE template0;\""
Installing OWTF
pip install git+https://github.com/owtf/owtf#egg=owtf or clone the repo and python setup.py develop.
owtf and open localhost:8009 for the OWTF web interface or owtf --help for all available commands.
β β β ο½ππ»βΊπ«Δπ¬πβ β β β
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π¦ Storage backup-the difference between SAN, NAS, DAS and its architectureThe difference between SAN, NAS, DAS and its architecture
full by undercode:
π¦ ππΌππ πππΈβπ :
1) γWith the development and wide application of computer technology, storage technology has been obtained Professionals in the industry and various application fields attach importance to it. The rapid growth of data volume raises new problems and requirements for the development of enterprises Host type data access and protection, etc. All of these call for the emergence of new network storage technology and its products.
γγ
2) The emergence of SAN and NAS technologies and products not only expands the space for network development, but more importantly, they organically combine network technology with the emerging storage field, and have played an important role in the development of the IT industry.
γγ
3) SAN and NAS are often regarded as two competing technologies. In fact, they can complement each other well to provide access to different types of data. SAN is aimed at massive, data-oriented data transmission, while NAS provides file-level data access.
γγ
4) These two technologies can not only meet the needs of flexible storage access, but both SAN and NAS are based on open, industry-standard network protocols: Fibre Channel protocol for SAN and network protocol (such as TCP / IP) for NAS. The application range of SAN is more extensive, and can provide storage for NAS devices, and NAS is generally limited to the application of file-level data access. If you don't consider the differences between them, both SAN and NAS play an important role in today's enterprise-level storage and have more advantages than traditional server-attached storage.
γγ
5) SAN and NAS are powerful additions and replacements to traditional server-connected storage in the field of data centers. As a result, enterprise users are gradually recognizing its many advantages, including improved flexibility, more convenient storage deployment, and lower total cost of ownership. Although SAN and NAS technologies can provide a competitive advantage, they are designed for specific environments and applications.
π¦ Key Features of
1) γγSAN As a network infrastructure, SAN is designed to provide a flexible, high-performance, and highly scalable storage environment. The SAN achieves this by connecting between servers and storage devices (such as disk storage systems and tape libraries).
γγ
2) High-performance Fibre Channel switches and Fibre Channel network protocols can ensure that device connections are both reliable and effective. These connections are based on local fiber or SCSI (via a SCSI-to-Fibre Channel converter or gateway). One or more Fibre Channel switches provide interconnection between host servers and storage devices in the form of a network topology (SAN architecture).
γγ
3) Since SAN is optimized for transferring large blocks of data between servers and storage devices, SAN is an ideal choice for the following applications:
γγ
4) mission critical database applications, where the predictable response time, availability and scalability are essential elements.
γγ
5) Centralized storage backup, in which performance, data consistency and reliability can ensure the safety of enterprise critical data.
γγ
6) High availability and failover environment can ensure lower cost and higher application level.
γγ
7) Scalable storage virtualization can separate storage from direct host connection and ensure dynamic storage partitioning.
γγ
8) The improved disaster tolerance feature provides high performance and extended distance of Fibre Channel (up to 150 kilometers) between the host server and its connected devices.
π¦ Storage backup-the difference between SAN, NAS, DAS and its architectureThe difference between SAN, NAS, DAS and its architecture
full by undercode:
π¦ ππΌππ πππΈβπ :
1) γWith the development and wide application of computer technology, storage technology has been obtained Professionals in the industry and various application fields attach importance to it. The rapid growth of data volume raises new problems and requirements for the development of enterprises Host type data access and protection, etc. All of these call for the emergence of new network storage technology and its products.
γγ
2) The emergence of SAN and NAS technologies and products not only expands the space for network development, but more importantly, they organically combine network technology with the emerging storage field, and have played an important role in the development of the IT industry.
γγ
3) SAN and NAS are often regarded as two competing technologies. In fact, they can complement each other well to provide access to different types of data. SAN is aimed at massive, data-oriented data transmission, while NAS provides file-level data access.
γγ
4) These two technologies can not only meet the needs of flexible storage access, but both SAN and NAS are based on open, industry-standard network protocols: Fibre Channel protocol for SAN and network protocol (such as TCP / IP) for NAS. The application range of SAN is more extensive, and can provide storage for NAS devices, and NAS is generally limited to the application of file-level data access. If you don't consider the differences between them, both SAN and NAS play an important role in today's enterprise-level storage and have more advantages than traditional server-attached storage.
γγ
5) SAN and NAS are powerful additions and replacements to traditional server-connected storage in the field of data centers. As a result, enterprise users are gradually recognizing its many advantages, including improved flexibility, more convenient storage deployment, and lower total cost of ownership. Although SAN and NAS technologies can provide a competitive advantage, they are designed for specific environments and applications.
π¦ Key Features of
1) γγSAN As a network infrastructure, SAN is designed to provide a flexible, high-performance, and highly scalable storage environment. The SAN achieves this by connecting between servers and storage devices (such as disk storage systems and tape libraries).
γγ
2) High-performance Fibre Channel switches and Fibre Channel network protocols can ensure that device connections are both reliable and effective. These connections are based on local fiber or SCSI (via a SCSI-to-Fibre Channel converter or gateway). One or more Fibre Channel switches provide interconnection between host servers and storage devices in the form of a network topology (SAN architecture).
γγ
3) Since SAN is optimized for transferring large blocks of data between servers and storage devices, SAN is an ideal choice for the following applications:
γγ
4) mission critical database applications, where the predictable response time, availability and scalability are essential elements.
γγ
5) Centralized storage backup, in which performance, data consistency and reliability can ensure the safety of enterprise critical data.
γγ
6) High availability and failover environment can ensure lower cost and higher application level.
γγ
7) Scalable storage virtualization can separate storage from direct host connection and ensure dynamic storage partitioning.
γγ
8) The improved disaster tolerance feature provides high performance and extended distance of Fibre Channel (up to 150 kilometers) between the host server and its connected devices.
π¦ The main advantages of SAN
γγ
1) Facing the rapidly growing data storage requirements, large enterprises and service providers gradually began to choose SAN as the network infrastructure because of its excellent scalability. In fact, SAN has more significant advantages than traditional storage architectures. For example, traditional server-attached storage is often difficult to update or centrally manage. Each server must be shut down to add and configure new storage. In comparison, a SAN can increase storage without having to go down and interrupt the connection to the server. SAN can also centralize data management, thereby reducing the total cost of ownership.
γγ
2) Using Fibre Channel technology, the SAN can efficiently transmit data blocks. By supporting the transfer of massive data blocks between storage and servers, SAN provides an effective way to back up data. Therefore, the network bandwidth traditionally used for data backup can be saved for other applications.
γγ
3) Open, industry-standard Fibre Channel technology also makes the SAN very flexible. SAN overcomes the traditional cable limitation connected to SCSI, greatly expands the distance between the server and storage, thereby increasing the possibility of more connections. The improved scalability also simplifies the deployment and upgrade of the server and protects the investment of the original hardware equipment.
γγ
4) In addition, SAN can better control the storage network environment, which is suitable for the performance and availability requirements of transaction-based systems. SAN uses high-reliability and high-performance Fibre Channel protocols to meet this need.
γγ
5) Another strength of SAN is the ability to transfer data blocks to enterprise-level data-intensive applications. In the process of data transmission, the processing cost of the SAN on communication nodes (especially servers) is less, because the data is divided into smaller data blocks during transmission. Therefore, the Fibre Channel SAN is very effective in transferring large data blocks, which makes the Fibre Channel protocol very suitable for storage-intensive environments.
γγ
6) Today, SAN has been gradually integrated with the NAS environment to provide high-performance mass storage for NAS devices. In fact, many SANs are currently used in the background of NAS devices to meet storage scalability and backup needs.
π¦ Benefits of SAN
γγ
1) One benefit of SAN is that it greatly improves the reliability and scalability of enterprise data backup and recovery operations. SAN-based operations can significantly reduce backup and recovery time, while reducing information traffic on the corporate network.
γγ
2) By extending the SAN to the metropolitan area network infrastructure, the SAN can also be seamlessly connected to remote devices, thereby improving disaster tolerance. The SAN deploys metropolitan area network infrastructure to increase the distance between SAN devices, up to 150 kilometers, and hardly degrades performance. Enterprises can use this to improve disaster tolerance by deploying mission-critical applications and remote data replication for critical application servers. Backup and recovery equipment is needed to achieve remote management.
γγ
3) In addition, transaction-based database applications have benefited from SAN deployment. Its ability to seamlessly increase storage can reduce the time for data backup.
γγ
1) Facing the rapidly growing data storage requirements, large enterprises and service providers gradually began to choose SAN as the network infrastructure because of its excellent scalability. In fact, SAN has more significant advantages than traditional storage architectures. For example, traditional server-attached storage is often difficult to update or centrally manage. Each server must be shut down to add and configure new storage. In comparison, a SAN can increase storage without having to go down and interrupt the connection to the server. SAN can also centralize data management, thereby reducing the total cost of ownership.
γγ
2) Using Fibre Channel technology, the SAN can efficiently transmit data blocks. By supporting the transfer of massive data blocks between storage and servers, SAN provides an effective way to back up data. Therefore, the network bandwidth traditionally used for data backup can be saved for other applications.
γγ
3) Open, industry-standard Fibre Channel technology also makes the SAN very flexible. SAN overcomes the traditional cable limitation connected to SCSI, greatly expands the distance between the server and storage, thereby increasing the possibility of more connections. The improved scalability also simplifies the deployment and upgrade of the server and protects the investment of the original hardware equipment.
γγ
4) In addition, SAN can better control the storage network environment, which is suitable for the performance and availability requirements of transaction-based systems. SAN uses high-reliability and high-performance Fibre Channel protocols to meet this need.
γγ
5) Another strength of SAN is the ability to transfer data blocks to enterprise-level data-intensive applications. In the process of data transmission, the processing cost of the SAN on communication nodes (especially servers) is less, because the data is divided into smaller data blocks during transmission. Therefore, the Fibre Channel SAN is very effective in transferring large data blocks, which makes the Fibre Channel protocol very suitable for storage-intensive environments.
γγ
6) Today, SAN has been gradually integrated with the NAS environment to provide high-performance mass storage for NAS devices. In fact, many SANs are currently used in the background of NAS devices to meet storage scalability and backup needs.
π¦ Benefits of SAN
γγ
1) One benefit of SAN is that it greatly improves the reliability and scalability of enterprise data backup and recovery operations. SAN-based operations can significantly reduce backup and recovery time, while reducing information traffic on the corporate network.
γγ
2) By extending the SAN to the metropolitan area network infrastructure, the SAN can also be seamlessly connected to remote devices, thereby improving disaster tolerance. The SAN deploys metropolitan area network infrastructure to increase the distance between SAN devices, up to 150 kilometers, and hardly degrades performance. Enterprises can use this to improve disaster tolerance by deploying mission-critical applications and remote data replication for critical application servers. Backup and recovery equipment is needed to achieve remote management.
γγ
3) In addition, transaction-based database applications have benefited from SAN deployment. Its ability to seamlessly increase storage can reduce the time for data backup.
π¦ Problems in SAN In the
γγ
1) past two years, the concept of SAN has gradually become popular. SAN can replace the server-based storage mode, and the performance is more superior. However, to this day, interoperability is still the main problem in the implementation process. SAN itself lacks standards, especially in management. Although Fibre Channel (Fibre Channel) technical standards do exist, various manufacturers have different interpretations, so the interoperability problem is like a sandstorm, and it is unexpected.
γγ
2) Some SAN vendors set standards through organizations such as SNIA. Others are investing heavily in building interoperability labs to test before launching the SAN. Another way is to outsource SAN. Although SAN vendors have made progress in solving interoperability issues, experts still recommend users to use outsourcing instead of building SANs themselves.
π¦ Key features of NAS
1) γγThe NAS solution is usually configured as a file service device, and the workstation or server performs file access through network protocols (such as TCP / IP) and applications (such as network file system NFS or common Internet file system CIFS). Most NAS connections are made between workstation clients and NAS file sharing devices. These connections rely on the enterprise's network infrastructure to function properly.
γγ
2) In order to improve system performance and uninterrupted user access, NAS uses specialized operating systems for network file access. These operating systems support both standard file access and corresponding network protocols.
γγ
3) NAS makes file access operations faster and easier to add file storage capacity to infrastructure. Because NAS focuses on file services rather than the actual file system implementation, NAS devices are often self-contained and relatively easy to deploy.
γγ
4) Data transmission is mainly performed between the NAS device and the client. The large amount of data transmitted on LAN / WAN today is divided into many small data blocks. The transmission process needs to occupy processor resources to interrupt and re-access the data stream. If the processing of data packets consumes too much processor resources, applications running on the same server will be affected. Since network congestion affects the performance of NAS, one of its performance limitations is the ability of the network to transmit data.
γγ
5) The scalability of NAS storage is also limited by the size of the device. It is very easy to add another device, but it is not easy to access the content in the network environment like the data on a machine, because NAS devices usually have unique network identifiers. Due to these limitations, data backup in the NAS environment is not centralized, so it is limited to the use of directly connected devices (such as dedicated tape drives or tape libraries) or network-based strategies. Dedicated LAN for backup.
γγ
1) past two years, the concept of SAN has gradually become popular. SAN can replace the server-based storage mode, and the performance is more superior. However, to this day, interoperability is still the main problem in the implementation process. SAN itself lacks standards, especially in management. Although Fibre Channel (Fibre Channel) technical standards do exist, various manufacturers have different interpretations, so the interoperability problem is like a sandstorm, and it is unexpected.
γγ
2) Some SAN vendors set standards through organizations such as SNIA. Others are investing heavily in building interoperability labs to test before launching the SAN. Another way is to outsource SAN. Although SAN vendors have made progress in solving interoperability issues, experts still recommend users to use outsourcing instead of building SANs themselves.
π¦ Key features of NAS
1) γγThe NAS solution is usually configured as a file service device, and the workstation or server performs file access through network protocols (such as TCP / IP) and applications (such as network file system NFS or common Internet file system CIFS). Most NAS connections are made between workstation clients and NAS file sharing devices. These connections rely on the enterprise's network infrastructure to function properly.
γγ
2) In order to improve system performance and uninterrupted user access, NAS uses specialized operating systems for network file access. These operating systems support both standard file access and corresponding network protocols.
γγ
3) NAS makes file access operations faster and easier to add file storage capacity to infrastructure. Because NAS focuses on file services rather than the actual file system implementation, NAS devices are often self-contained and relatively easy to deploy.
γγ
4) Data transmission is mainly performed between the NAS device and the client. The large amount of data transmitted on LAN / WAN today is divided into many small data blocks. The transmission process needs to occupy processor resources to interrupt and re-access the data stream. If the processing of data packets consumes too much processor resources, applications running on the same server will be affected. Since network congestion affects the performance of NAS, one of its performance limitations is the ability of the network to transmit data.
γγ
5) The scalability of NAS storage is also limited by the size of the device. It is very easy to add another device, but it is not easy to access the content in the network environment like the data on a machine, because NAS devices usually have unique network identifiers. Due to these limitations, data backup in the NAS environment is not centralized, so it is limited to the use of directly connected devices (such as dedicated tape drives or tape libraries) or network-based strategies. Dedicated LAN for backup.
β β β ο½ππ»βΊπ«Δπ¬πβ β β β
π¦ Differences between NAS and DAS full by undercode :
γγ> As a new storage technology, NAS has advantages that traditional direct connection cannot match. Table 1 makes a simple comparison between these two methods.
π¦ Table 1 Comparison of NAS and DAS
γ
> γNetwork-attached storage (NAS)
γγenables access to network files through centralized management of the file system.
γ
1) γUsers can share file systems and view shared data.
γγ
2) The combination of specialized file servers and storage technologies provides highly reliable data for network access.
γγ
3) Directly connected storage (DAS)
γγcan only be accessed through the host to which it is connected.
4) γγEach host manages its own file system, but cannot share data with other hosts.
γγ
5)You can only rely on the storage device itself to provide highly reliable data to the host.
π¦ Technical characteristics of
γγ
1) NAS NAS provides an efficient, cost-effective solution for enterprise environments that access and share large amounts of file system data. Data integration reduces management requirements and overhead, and centralized network file servers and storage environmentsβincluding hardware and softwareβensure reliable data access and high data availability. It can be said that NAS provides a powerful comprehensive mechanism.
γγ
2) NAS technology can meet specific user needs. For example, when some enterprises need to cope with the problem of rapid data growth, or solve the system limitations caused by independent working environments, they can adopt a new generation of NAS technology and use centralized network file access mechanisms and sharing to solve these problems. In order to reduce the cost of system management and improve the function of data backup and recovery.
π¦ The main advantage of
γγ
1) NAS is that NAS is suitable for users who need to transfer file data to multiple clients through the network. NAS devices can work well in environments where data must be transmitted over long distances.
γγ
2) In addition, NAS devices are very easy to deploy, allowing NAS hosts, clients, and other devices to be widely distributed throughout the enterprise's network environment. After properly configured, NAS can provide reliable file-level data integration, because file locking is handled by the device itself. Although its deployment is very simple, enterprises still need to ensure that an appropriate level of file security is provided during the NAS device configuration process.
π¦ Benefits of
γγ
1) NAS NAS is used in efficient file sharing tasks, such as NFS in UNIX and CIFS in Windows NT, where network-based file-level locking provides advanced concurrent access protection. NAS devices can be optimized to send file information to multiple clients with file-level protection.
γγ
2) In some cases, companies can deploy NAS solutions for database applications to a limited extent. These situations are generally limited to the following applications: large amounts of data access are read-only; the database is small; the logical volumes to be accessed are few; the required performance is not high. Under these circumstances, NAS solutions help reduce the user's total cost of ownership.
π¦Two complementary technologies
γγ
1) Although there are differences between them, SAN and NAS are two complementary storage technologies. For example, SANs are excellent in data block transmission and scalability, and can effectively manage devices. Enterprises can benefit from applying SANs to mission-critical applications, storage centralization, backup recovery, and high-availability computing.
γγ
2) Compared with SAN, NAS supports file sharing between multiple peer clients. NAS clients can access shared files anywhere in the enterprise. Because there are fewer logical volumes for file access in the NAS environment and the response time requirements are not very high, the performance and distance requirements are relatively low.
π¦ Differences between NAS and DAS full by undercode :
γγ> As a new storage technology, NAS has advantages that traditional direct connection cannot match. Table 1 makes a simple comparison between these two methods.
π¦ Table 1 Comparison of NAS and DAS
γ
> γNetwork-attached storage (NAS)
γγenables access to network files through centralized management of the file system.
γ
1) γUsers can share file systems and view shared data.
γγ
2) The combination of specialized file servers and storage technologies provides highly reliable data for network access.
γγ
3) Directly connected storage (DAS)
γγcan only be accessed through the host to which it is connected.
4) γγEach host manages its own file system, but cannot share data with other hosts.
γγ
5)You can only rely on the storage device itself to provide highly reliable data to the host.
π¦ Technical characteristics of
γγ
1) NAS NAS provides an efficient, cost-effective solution for enterprise environments that access and share large amounts of file system data. Data integration reduces management requirements and overhead, and centralized network file servers and storage environmentsβincluding hardware and softwareβensure reliable data access and high data availability. It can be said that NAS provides a powerful comprehensive mechanism.
γγ
2) NAS technology can meet specific user needs. For example, when some enterprises need to cope with the problem of rapid data growth, or solve the system limitations caused by independent working environments, they can adopt a new generation of NAS technology and use centralized network file access mechanisms and sharing to solve these problems. In order to reduce the cost of system management and improve the function of data backup and recovery.
π¦ The main advantage of
γγ
1) NAS is that NAS is suitable for users who need to transfer file data to multiple clients through the network. NAS devices can work well in environments where data must be transmitted over long distances.
γγ
2) In addition, NAS devices are very easy to deploy, allowing NAS hosts, clients, and other devices to be widely distributed throughout the enterprise's network environment. After properly configured, NAS can provide reliable file-level data integration, because file locking is handled by the device itself. Although its deployment is very simple, enterprises still need to ensure that an appropriate level of file security is provided during the NAS device configuration process.
π¦ Benefits of
γγ
1) NAS NAS is used in efficient file sharing tasks, such as NFS in UNIX and CIFS in Windows NT, where network-based file-level locking provides advanced concurrent access protection. NAS devices can be optimized to send file information to multiple clients with file-level protection.
γγ
2) In some cases, companies can deploy NAS solutions for database applications to a limited extent. These situations are generally limited to the following applications: large amounts of data access are read-only; the database is small; the logical volumes to be accessed are few; the required performance is not high. Under these circumstances, NAS solutions help reduce the user's total cost of ownership.
π¦Two complementary technologies
γγ
1) Although there are differences between them, SAN and NAS are two complementary storage technologies. For example, SANs are excellent in data block transmission and scalability, and can effectively manage devices. Enterprises can benefit from applying SANs to mission-critical applications, storage centralization, backup recovery, and high-availability computing.
γγ
2) Compared with SAN, NAS supports file sharing between multiple peer clients. NAS clients can access shared files anywhere in the enterprise. Because there are fewer logical volumes for file access in the NAS environment and the response time requirements are not very high, the performance and distance requirements are relatively low.
β β β ο½ππ»βΊπ«Δπ¬πβ β β β
π¦ Table 2 Comparison of key features of SAN and NAS
γγSAN NAS full by undercode
γ1) γprotocol Fibre Channel Fibre Channel-to-SCSI TCP / IP
γγApplications * Mission critical, transaction-based database application processing * File sharing in NFS and CIFS
γγ* Centralized data backup * Long-distance transmission of small data
2) blocks
γγ* Disaster recovery * Limited read-only database access
γγ* Centralized storage
γγadvantages * High availability * Less distance restrictions
γγ* Reliability of data transmission * Simplified sharing capacity of
3) additional files
γγ* Reduced far network traffic * Easy to deploy and manage
γγ* Flexible configuration
γγ* High performance
γγ* High scalability
γγ* Centralized management
4) γγof many original between NAS and SAN The difference began to disappear. For example, NAS devices are gradually adopting SAN to solve problems related to storage expansion and backup and recovery. Although these two technologies are similar, NAS cannot provide the full commercial advantages that SAN brings. However, compared with traditional server-attached storage, whether it is SAN or NAS technology can reduce the user's total cost of ownership, and can provide a better return on investment.
WRITTEN BY UNDERCODE
β β β ο½ππ»βΊπ«Δπ¬πβ β β β
π¦ Table 2 Comparison of key features of SAN and NAS
γγSAN NAS full by undercode
γ1) γprotocol Fibre Channel Fibre Channel-to-SCSI TCP / IP
γγApplications * Mission critical, transaction-based database application processing * File sharing in NFS and CIFS
γγ* Centralized data backup * Long-distance transmission of small data
2) blocks
γγ* Disaster recovery * Limited read-only database access
γγ* Centralized storage
γγadvantages * High availability * Less distance restrictions
γγ* Reliability of data transmission * Simplified sharing capacity of
3) additional files
γγ* Reduced far network traffic * Easy to deploy and manage
γγ* Flexible configuration
γγ* High performance
γγ* High scalability
γγ* Centralized management
4) γγof many original between NAS and SAN The difference began to disappear. For example, NAS devices are gradually adopting SAN to solve problems related to storage expansion and backup and recovery. Although these two technologies are similar, NAS cannot provide the full commercial advantages that SAN brings. However, compared with traditional server-attached storage, whether it is SAN or NAS technology can reduce the user's total cost of ownership, and can provide a better return on investment.
WRITTEN BY UNDERCODE
β β β ο½ππ»βΊπ«Δπ¬πβ β β β
π¦Storage backup-the difference between SAN, NAS, DAS and its architecture FULL GUIDE WRITTEN BY UNDERCODE
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π¦ftp service-wu-ftpd server configuration manualwu-ftpd server
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1) In many network applications, FTP (File Transfer porotocol) has a very important position. A very important resource in the Internet is software resources. Most of the various software resources are placed in the FTP server. It can be said that FTP and WEB services account for almost 80% of the entire Internet application.
2) The FTP service can be divided into two types according to the different service objects: one is the system FTP server, which only allows legal users on the system; the other is the anonymous FTP server, Anonymous FTP Server, which can be used by anyone to log in to Go to the FTP server to get the file.
π¦ ππΌππ πππΈβπ :
1) Select and install the FTP server software.
If you selected "ftpd" when selecting the startup process when installing the Linux system, after installing the Linux system, it has installed a default FTP server to the system. Got it. We can already use it to realize the function of the system FTP server.
2) We just need to make some personalized settings according to our needs on this basis.
3) example Washington University FTP is used in most of the Linux distributions, it is a well-known FTP server software, generally referred to as wu-ftp. It is powerful and can run well on many UNIX operating systems, such as: IBM AIX, FreeBSD, HP-UX, NeXTstep, Dynix, SunOS, Solaris, etc.
4) Therefore, more than half of FTP servers on the Internet have adopted it. wu-ftp has many powerful functions, which are very suitable for the management requirements of the FTP server with large throughput
π¦ftp service-wu-ftpd server configuration manualwu-ftpd server
instagram.com/undercodeTesting
1) In many network applications, FTP (File Transfer porotocol) has a very important position. A very important resource in the Internet is software resources. Most of the various software resources are placed in the FTP server. It can be said that FTP and WEB services account for almost 80% of the entire Internet application.
2) The FTP service can be divided into two types according to the different service objects: one is the system FTP server, which only allows legal users on the system; the other is the anonymous FTP server, Anonymous FTP Server, which can be used by anyone to log in to Go to the FTP server to get the file.
π¦ ππΌππ πππΈβπ :
1) Select and install the FTP server software.
If you selected "ftpd" when selecting the startup process when installing the Linux system, after installing the Linux system, it has installed a default FTP server to the system. Got it. We can already use it to realize the function of the system FTP server.
2) We just need to make some personalized settings according to our needs on this basis.
3) example Washington University FTP is used in most of the Linux distributions, it is a well-known FTP server software, generally referred to as wu-ftp. It is powerful and can run well on many UNIX operating systems, such as: IBM AIX, FreeBSD, HP-UX, NeXTstep, Dynix, SunOS, Solaris, etc.
4) Therefore, more than half of FTP servers on the Internet have adopted it. wu-ftp has many powerful functions, which are very suitable for the management requirements of the FTP server with large throughput
β β β ο½ππ»βΊπ«Δπ¬πβ β β β
π¦starting ftp config :
1) Can compress or decompress files automatically while users download files;
2) Can set different access restrictions on machines on different networks;
3) Can record file upload and download times;
4) Can display Relevant information during transmission is convenient for users to understand the current transmission dynamics;
5) The maximum number of connections can be set, which improves efficiency and effectively controls the load.
π¦starting ftp config :
1) Can compress or decompress files automatically while users download files;
2) Can set different access restrictions on machines on different networks;
3) Can record file upload and download times;
4) Can display Relevant information during transmission is convenient for users to understand the current transmission dynamics;
5) The maximum number of connections can be set, which improves efficiency and effectively controls the load.
π¦ Second, the composition ftp config :
of wu-ftp After installing wu-ftp, you will see the following five executable files in the / bin directory:
1) ftpd FTP server program
ftpshut Used to close the FTP server program
ftpcount Show the current number of people online
ftpwho View the current FTP The connection status of the server
ckconfig Check whether the FTP server settings are correct.
2) In addition to these executable files, it also generates seven configuration files under the / etc and / var directories:
/ etc / ftpusers
/ etc / ftpaccess
/ var / run / ftp .pids
/ etc / ftpconversions
/ var / log / xferlog
/ etc / ftpgroups
/ etc / ftphosts
3) After wu-ftp is installed in the system, a special user ftp will be created, and a ftpd directory will be created under the / home directory. When logging in as anonymous, it will be automatically located in this directory. Several subdirectories are usually created under this directory.
/ home / ftpd / bin stores some executable files for FTP users
/ home / ftpd / etc stores some configuration files for FTP users
/ home / ftpd / pub stores information for downloads
/ home / ftpd / incoming stores space for uploading information
π¦ wu-ftp configuration
1) View, modify /etc/inetd.conf file
/etc/inetd.conf file is the configuration file of inetd, the super server of LINUX system. It is responsible for listening to multiple TCP / IP ports. When it receives the request, it derives a corresponding server based on the configuration file. By using a super server, other services can be derived only when needed, thereby greatly saving system resources. The wu-ftp uses the inetd super server to monitor requests. When the super server inetd receives the FTP request from the client, it opens an FTP service process according to the configuration file. So if we want to use wu-ftp, we must confirm that there is a sentence in the inetd.conf configuration file of the super server inetd:
2) ftp stream tcp nowait root / usr / sbin / tcpd wu.ftpd
so that when the super server receives the FTP request At that time, a wu-ftp FTP service process can be derived. (Note: To confirm whether there is such a line, you can use the Find command to confirm the contents of the file:
CAT /etc/inetd.conf | grep the FTP
. If not, then manually added or modified manually
3) wu-ftpd command options
wu -ftpd is the service process of wu-ftp. It can be executed with or without parameters. The following is a brief introduction to the execution parameters of wu-ftpd.
-d When the FTP server fails, the error will be entered into the system syslog;
-l Put the FTP client connection into the system syslog every time;
-t Set the FTP client connection to cut off the connection in a few minutes without operation;
-a Make wu-ftp use the setting of / etc / ftpaccess;
-A make wu-ftp does not use the setting of / etc / ftpaccess;
-L records the program executed after the FTP client is connected in the system syslog;
-I records the log of the FTP client upload file in / usr / adm. In the xferlog file;
-o Record the log of the file downloaded by the FTP client in the / usr / adm / xferlog file.
By understanding the above parameters, we recommend to draw the line when the system is installed above the default configuration was changed:
the FTP Stream tcp nowait root / usr / sbin / tcpd wu.ftpd the -I -a
4) provide automatic compression, decompression Function
If you want the FTP server to have automatic compression and decompression functions, you must first copy some command files such as tar, gzip, gunzip, compress, and uncompress to the / home / ftpd / bin directory.
5) About the settings of / etc / ftpaccess
This configuration file is the most important configuration file on the FTP server. It is directly related to whether your FTP server can work normally, and there are many permissions settings. The following is a typical configuration example.
of wu-ftp After installing wu-ftp, you will see the following five executable files in the / bin directory:
1) ftpd FTP server program
ftpshut Used to close the FTP server program
ftpcount Show the current number of people online
ftpwho View the current FTP The connection status of the server
ckconfig Check whether the FTP server settings are correct.
2) In addition to these executable files, it also generates seven configuration files under the / etc and / var directories:
/ etc / ftpusers
/ etc / ftpaccess
/ var / run / ftp .pids
/ etc / ftpconversions
/ var / log / xferlog
/ etc / ftpgroups
/ etc / ftphosts
3) After wu-ftp is installed in the system, a special user ftp will be created, and a ftpd directory will be created under the / home directory. When logging in as anonymous, it will be automatically located in this directory. Several subdirectories are usually created under this directory.
/ home / ftpd / bin stores some executable files for FTP users
/ home / ftpd / etc stores some configuration files for FTP users
/ home / ftpd / pub stores information for downloads
/ home / ftpd / incoming stores space for uploading information
π¦ wu-ftp configuration
1) View, modify /etc/inetd.conf file
/etc/inetd.conf file is the configuration file of inetd, the super server of LINUX system. It is responsible for listening to multiple TCP / IP ports. When it receives the request, it derives a corresponding server based on the configuration file. By using a super server, other services can be derived only when needed, thereby greatly saving system resources. The wu-ftp uses the inetd super server to monitor requests. When the super server inetd receives the FTP request from the client, it opens an FTP service process according to the configuration file. So if we want to use wu-ftp, we must confirm that there is a sentence in the inetd.conf configuration file of the super server inetd:
2) ftp stream tcp nowait root / usr / sbin / tcpd wu.ftpd
so that when the super server receives the FTP request At that time, a wu-ftp FTP service process can be derived. (Note: To confirm whether there is such a line, you can use the Find command to confirm the contents of the file:
CAT /etc/inetd.conf | grep the FTP
. If not, then manually added or modified manually
3) wu-ftpd command options
wu -ftpd is the service process of wu-ftp. It can be executed with or without parameters. The following is a brief introduction to the execution parameters of wu-ftpd.
-d When the FTP server fails, the error will be entered into the system syslog;
-l Put the FTP client connection into the system syslog every time;
-t Set the FTP client connection to cut off the connection in a few minutes without operation;
-a Make wu-ftp use the setting of / etc / ftpaccess;
-A make wu-ftp does not use the setting of / etc / ftpaccess;
-L records the program executed after the FTP client is connected in the system syslog;
-I records the log of the FTP client upload file in / usr / adm. In the xferlog file;
-o Record the log of the file downloaded by the FTP client in the / usr / adm / xferlog file.
By understanding the above parameters, we recommend to draw the line when the system is installed above the default configuration was changed:
the FTP Stream tcp nowait root / usr / sbin / tcpd wu.ftpd the -I -a
4) provide automatic compression, decompression Function
If you want the FTP server to have automatic compression and decompression functions, you must first copy some command files such as tar, gzip, gunzip, compress, and uncompress to the / home / ftpd / bin directory.
5) About the settings of / etc / ftpaccess
This configuration file is the most important configuration file on the FTP server. It is directly related to whether your FTP server can work normally, and there are many permissions settings. The following is a typical configuration example.
loginfails 3
class local real *
class remote anonymous guest *
limit remote 100 Any /etc/ftpd/toomany.msg
message /etc/ftpd/welcome.msg login
compress yes local remote
tar yes local remote
private yes
passwd-check rfc822 warn
log commands real
log transfer anonymous guest inbound outbound
log transfer real inbound
shutdown /etc/ftpd/shut.msg
delete no anonymous, guest
overwrite no anonymous, guest
rename no anonymous
chmod no anonymous, guest
umask no anonymous
upload / home / ftpd * no
upload / home / ftpd / bin no
upload / home / ftpd / etc no
upload / home / ftpd / pub yes real 0644 dirs
upload / home / ftpd / incoming yes real guest anonymous 0644 dirs
alias in / incoming
email guest@xxx.net
email guest@yyy.net
deny * .com.tw /etc/ftpd/deny.msg
written by undercode
β β β ο½ππ»βΊπ«Δπ¬πβ β β β
class local real *
class remote anonymous guest *
limit remote 100 Any /etc/ftpd/toomany.msg
message /etc/ftpd/welcome.msg login
compress yes local remote
tar yes local remote
private yes
passwd-check rfc822 warn
log commands real
log transfer anonymous guest inbound outbound
log transfer real inbound
shutdown /etc/ftpd/shut.msg
delete no anonymous, guest
overwrite no anonymous, guest
rename no anonymous
chmod no anonymous, guest
umask no anonymous
upload / home / ftpd * no
upload / home / ftpd / bin no
upload / home / ftpd / etc no
upload / home / ftpd / pub yes real 0644 dirs
upload / home / ftpd / incoming yes real guest anonymous 0644 dirs
alias in / incoming
email guest@xxx.net
email guest@yyy.net
deny * .com.tw /etc/ftpd/deny.msg
written by undercode
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β β β ο½ππ»βΊπ«Δπ¬πβ β β β
π¦Below we explain sentence by sentence, and give the meaning of each setting, so that everyone can bypass the category, In order to make reasonable settings according to the specific situation of your own FTP server.
1) Format: loginfails [Number of times]
Function: Set the number of times the user is allowed to enter the wrong password when logging in to the FTP server.
Example: loginfails 3: The connection is cut off if the password is entered incorrectly three times.
2) Format: class [class name] [real / guest / anonymous] [IP address]
Function: The function of this command sets the type of user on the FTP server. It can also restrict the client's IP address, allowing access to certain IP addresses or all IP addresses. The users on the FTP server can be basically divided into the following three categories:
real users with legal accounts on the FTP server;
guest anonymous users with records;
anonymous anonymous user
instances with the lowest authority : class local real *: define a name It is a local class, which contains real users who log in anywhere (* represents all IP addresses).
class remote anonymous guest *: Define a class called remote, which contains anonymous users and guest users who log in anywhere.
3) Format: limit [category] [number of people] [time] [file name]
Function: The function of this command is to set the upper limit of the specified number of people allowed to connect in the specified category within the specified time. When the maximum number of people is reached, the content of the specified file is displayed.
Example: limit remote 100 Any /etc/ftpd/toomany.msg: At any time, when the number of remote users reaches 100, the new connection will no longer be allowed. When the 101st client wants to connect, connect Will fail and present the contents of the file /etc/ftpd/toomany.msg like a user.
4) Format: message [file name] [command]
Function: When the user executes the specified command, the system displays the specified file content.
Example: message /etc/ftpd/welcome.msg login: When the user executes the login command, that is, when logging in to the FTP server, the system will display the contents of the file /etc/ftpd/welcome.msg.
5) Format: compress [yes / no] [category]
function: set which category of users can use the compress (compression) function.
Example: compress yes local remote: allows users in both local and remote categories to use the compress function.
6) Format: tar [yes / no] [category]
function: set which category of users can use the tar (archive) function.
Example: tar yes local remote: allows both local and remote users to use the tar function.
7) Format: private [yes / no]
Function: Set whether to support group access to files.
Example: private yes: support group access to files.
8) Format: passwd-check [none / trivial / rfc822] [enforce / warn]
Function: Set the password usage for anonymous users anonymous.
none means no password verification, any password can be logged in;
trival means that as long as the entered password contains the character "@", you can log in;
rfc822 means that the password must comply with the E-Mail format specified in RFC822 to log in;
enfore means input If the password does not conform to the format specified above, you will not be allowed to log in;
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π¦Below we explain sentence by sentence, and give the meaning of each setting, so that everyone can bypass the category, In order to make reasonable settings according to the specific situation of your own FTP server.
1) Format: loginfails [Number of times]
Function: Set the number of times the user is allowed to enter the wrong password when logging in to the FTP server.
Example: loginfails 3: The connection is cut off if the password is entered incorrectly three times.
2) Format: class [class name] [real / guest / anonymous] [IP address]
Function: The function of this command sets the type of user on the FTP server. It can also restrict the client's IP address, allowing access to certain IP addresses or all IP addresses. The users on the FTP server can be basically divided into the following three categories:
real users with legal accounts on the FTP server;
guest anonymous users with records;
anonymous anonymous user
instances with the lowest authority : class local real *: define a name It is a local class, which contains real users who log in anywhere (* represents all IP addresses).
class remote anonymous guest *: Define a class called remote, which contains anonymous users and guest users who log in anywhere.
3) Format: limit [category] [number of people] [time] [file name]
Function: The function of this command is to set the upper limit of the specified number of people allowed to connect in the specified category within the specified time. When the maximum number of people is reached, the content of the specified file is displayed.
Example: limit remote 100 Any /etc/ftpd/toomany.msg: At any time, when the number of remote users reaches 100, the new connection will no longer be allowed. When the 101st client wants to connect, connect Will fail and present the contents of the file /etc/ftpd/toomany.msg like a user.
4) Format: message [file name] [command]
Function: When the user executes the specified command, the system displays the specified file content.
Example: message /etc/ftpd/welcome.msg login: When the user executes the login command, that is, when logging in to the FTP server, the system will display the contents of the file /etc/ftpd/welcome.msg.
5) Format: compress [yes / no] [category]
function: set which category of users can use the compress (compression) function.
Example: compress yes local remote: allows users in both local and remote categories to use the compress function.
6) Format: tar [yes / no] [category]
function: set which category of users can use the tar (archive) function.
Example: tar yes local remote: allows both local and remote users to use the tar function.
7) Format: private [yes / no]
Function: Set whether to support group access to files.
Example: private yes: support group access to files.
8) Format: passwd-check [none / trivial / rfc822] [enforce / warn]
Function: Set the password usage for anonymous users anonymous.
none means no password verification, any password can be logged in;
trival means that as long as the entered password contains the character "@", you can log in;
rfc822 means that the password must comply with the E-Mail format specified in RFC822 to log in;
enfore means input If the password does not conform to the format specified above, you will not be allowed to log in;
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