Biddat or Not?

Drinking water before eating is sunnah?

No, actually you may even find weak narrations ⁰ saying it's forbidden. But both points are wrong, it's your wish.

Sleeping between the time of Asr & Maghrib is Makrooh Tanzihi?

Yes and no, some scholars say it's Makrooh-e-Tanzihi (mildly disliked) based on ijtihad such as the short window between Asr and Maghrib that leaves one vulnerable to missing prayer, it's a blessed time on the day of Jumuah, it's filled with time to do dhikr etc...
Other's say it's Mubah(permissible) because the narration ¹
"Whoever sleeps after ‘Asr and loses his mind, let him blame no one but himself."
is really weak and it cannot be used to extract a ruling. And there are narrations of Ali عَلَيْهِ ٱلسَّلَامُ taking nap on that time.

Some also say don't sleep after Maghrib?

This comes from an actual hadith though not exactly fits the popular saying and is considered highly disliked(i.e. sleeping before Isha is highly disliked), Makrooh-e-Tahreemi.

Narrated by Abu Barza: "Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) disliked to sleep before the `Isha' prayer and to talk after it."
Sahih al-Bukhari 568

Exact wordings say before Isha prayer.

It's better to not sleep during such prayer time when there's is small window between two prayers

What about sleeping after Fajr?

Disliked by scholars but no specific ruling found, this dislike comes from this hadith ² that mornings are blessed for us by dua of prophet Muhammad ﷺ

"O Allah, bless my Ummah in their early mornings."
(اللَّهُمَّ بَارِكْ لأُمَّتِي فِي بُكُورِهَا)

Still, it is allowed to sleep and not sinful but it's missing out on barakah.

Any other time to manage sleep?

Yes, it's called Qailoolah [ قَيْلُولَة ] (a short nap on the time span of dhuhr which lasts 15-30 minutes)³

As long as you don't miss or delay any prayer/congregation, sleeping is valid anytime of the day though you may miss out on barakah on first part of the day that is after Fajr till Dhuhr.
والله أعلم
@URCommonMuslim

references in comments [⁰, ¹, ², ³]

Is Prayer Not Accepted If Nails Are Not Cut Within 40 Days?
quite a popular line in the subcontinent huh

"Cutting Nails is from Fitrah (Natural Disposition)"

Sahih Muslim 261

————————————
"Deadline for Cutting Nails was 40 Days for Sahaba"

Sunan Nasai 14

→ this depends on the growth rate of nail

Majmu' Sharh al-Muhazzab 1/337

•Nawawi says : "Time for trimming nails depends on length, this varies acc to individuals & environment"
————————————
✦Reason For Deadline : Unhygienic people
RasoolAllah said : "You ask me about news from Heaven while your Nails are like Bird's Claws having Impurity and Filth."

Musnad Ahmad 23542 - Extremely Weak, corroborated by Aql

————————————
✦ Growing Nails for >40Days
•Majority view : Makrooh (Disliked)
•Minority view : Haram (Forbidden)
————————————
✦ Effect on Wudu
•Nails can trap substances that prevent water from reaching the skin such as a piece of food.
•I'm of the opinion that Wudu is Okay. Other opinions exist as well. See for yourself.
•If you're an OCD freak, toothpicks or nail cutters aren't expensive dude...
•Furthermore, Usool in Fiqh is that "Certainty is not removed by Doubt"
————————————
✦ Effect on Prayer

Surah Maidah, 5:6

Physical Purity of the Body is required for Prayer.

→ Nails can accumulate Impurity (Najasah, check your respective fiqh books for things that come under Najasah).
→ However, Impurity in less amount doesn't invalidate prayer, rather it only makes it Makrooh.
=> Thus, Long Nails have 0 Effect on Prayer.

@salaf2khalaf

Verify Before You Share

A small reminder to myself first, then to everyone else.

Not everything we hear in lectures, read in books, or see in Islamic posts is necessarily authentic. Even if it is widely practiced or taught, we should make it a habit to verify it with the Qur'an and the authentic Sunnah.

Allah ﷻ says:

"O you who believe! If a sinful person comes to you with news, verify it..."

(Qur'an 49:6)

https://quran.com/49/6⁠

The Prophet ﷺ said:

"Whoever introduces into this matter of ours that which is not from it, it is rejected."

Sahih al-Bukhari 2697

https://sunnah.com/bukhari:2697⁠

Sahih Muslim 1718

https://sunnah.com/muslim:1718⁠

Dua Part 1 : Virtue
Methodology :
•Multiple References for each hadith exists but I will include only 1 Main Reference unless needed otherwise, due to the text limit.
→ You may find a hadith graded weak somewhere but I've only added the ones that are acceptable, either due to being Sahih in another book or having supporting evidence. Whenever it's not acceptable, I've mentioned.
^↑^
Check Mustadrak 1843 for view of Hakim and Ibn Mahdi on Leniency in accepting Hadiths on Fadhail wa Amal.
————————————
"God is the friend of believers, He brings them out of the depths of darkness into the light."

Surah Baqarah, 2:257

★
Allah says : "If My servants ask about Me, then I Am Near. I answer those who make Dua, so let them respond to Me..."

Surah Baqarah, 2:186

↑
Allah is closer to us than our imagination, he's with us when we make dua even if we remember him in our heart.

Sahih Muslim 2675

★
Allah says : "Call on Me and I will answer you; those who are too arrogant to Worship Me (make dua) will enter Hell in humiliation."

Surah Ghafir, 40:60

↑
Dua is Worship

Sunan Abu Dawood 1479

Best Worship is Dua

Mustadrak lil Hakim 1800

Nothing is more honorable to Allah than Dua

Musnad Ahmad 8748

★
Ask Big because nothing is big for Allah to give

Bukhari 6339

If you make dua, ask too much, because you're asking your Lord

Ibn Hibban 889

God is modest and feels shy in returning the Supplicant empty handed when he makes Dua

Musnad Ahmad 23714

Best Dua is Dua for yourself

Adab al-Mufrad 715

★
Dua can change Taqdeer/Decree

Tirmidhi 2139-Weak

•Doors of Dua = Doors of Mercy
•Allah loves being asked for Good Health
•Dua helps against what has befallen and prevents what is yet to come

Tirmidhi 3548-Weak

Be frequent in dua, for one who knocks frequently on the door gets the door opened

Musannaf ibn Abi Shaybah 29170

Dua prevents Calamities (Bala)

Targheeb wat-Tarheeb 1478-Rejected

★
Allah descends to lowest heaven and accepts Duas in last part of night

Sahih Muslim 758

There's a Time of the day when Allah accepts whatever Dua is made

Muslim 7515

Every Muslim has 1 Answered Dua every day and night

Musnad Ahmad 7450-Sahih due to external support

Allah sends winds of mercy during the day and if touched by one of you, his Dua will be accepted

Tabarani's Mu'jam 19/233-Weak

★
A time will come when no one will be saved except the one who makes Dua like he's drowning

Shuaib al-Iman 1078

Don't neglect Dua because One who makes Dua will never perish (fana)

Sahih Ibn Hibban 871

Whoever wants Allah to accept his dua in hard times should make dua in easy times as well

Tirmidhi 3382

Quickly Accepted Dua is the one that's made by Stranger/Distant Muslim

Abu Dawood 1535-Weak

★
Allah gets angry with the one who doesn't make Dua

Tirmidhi 3373

Most Incapable is the one who's Incapable to make Dua

Musnad Abu Ya'la 6649

Ibrahim ع said : Allah's knowledge of my present state is enough of a Dua for me.

Majmu al-Fatawa 8/539-Fabricated

→ this hadith is the basis for fools who claim "to ask something from Allah is to demean his All-Knowing Attribute "
•However what I have been yapping in the text I've written so far clearly establishes that "Verbalisation of the Need is not a Slander on Allah's knowledge rather it is Worship"
•a Weak hadith explains the concept beautifully
↓
Allah delays fulfillment of a needy servant's dua, because Allah loves to hear his voice. And when the hated servant makes Dua, Allah orders Jibreel to fulfill the need quickly because Allah hates hearing his voice.

Mu'jam al-Awsat 8442

★
Asking people won't fulfill needs but Asking Allah will fulfill the need.

Abu Dawood 1645

Asking 3 times for Paradise makes Paradise itself make dua for the person to enter it and vice versa with Hell

Ibn Majah 4340

Rizq doesn't decrease due to sins or increase with good acts. And not supplicating to Allah is a sin.

Mu'jam as-Saghir 726-Rejected

→ Rizq increases by doing good to your relatives (Bukhari 2067)

Dua is the Weapon of the Believer, the base of religion and the light of sky and earth

Musnad Abu Ya'la 439-Fabricated

————————————
@salaf2khalaf

Hijrah
Today is the 1st of Rabi al-Awwal, the third month of the Islamic Lunar Calendar.
It is the month when the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ migrated from his homeland, Makkah to a foreign land, Madinah (then known as Yathrib) and arrived at the destination
————————————
Origin
The Sahaba did not take as a starting date for the Muslim calendar, the day, the Prophet ﷺ had been sent as an Messenger or the day of his death, but the day of his arrival at Medina (Hijrah)

Sahih al-Bukhari 3934

Umar رضي الله عنه gathered the people and asked them "From which day the calendar should be written?"
Ali ibn Abi Talib رضي الله عنه said : “From the day RasoolAllah did Hijrah and left the land of polytheism"
So Umar used that date.

Mustadrak lil Hakim 4287, Imam Zahabi agrees with Imam Hakim's Ruling that Hadith is Sahih on level of Bukhari Muslim

————————————
Why Discuss?
History is people's memory, and without a memory, man is demoted to the lower animals.

Malcolm X in June 1964s Speech

————————————
Hijrah
Hijrah means "to leave"

Qamus al-Muheet Page 637

RasoolAllah said about Makkah : How sweet of a land you are and how dear you are to me, and if it were not that my people expelled me from you, I would not have lived in other than you."

Jami at-Tirmidhi 3926, Albani says Sahih

"Abu Zar asks : Which Hijrah is Best? RasoolAllah said : Abandonment of Sins."

Sahih Ibn Hibban 807

•These Hadith are an indication that Hijrah is not necessarily changing physical location but can be leaving the attachments behind.
————————————
Command to Emigrate
RasoolAllah said : "I am ordered to migrate to a town called Yathrib and that is the City (Medina) which will dominate other cities."
Sahih al-Bukhari 1871
————————————
Brief History of Hijrah
Muhammad ﷺ ordered Ali عليه السلام to stay in Makkah in his place to return back deposits of people from Prophet's Bank.

Sunan Kubra lil Bayhaqi 12697 - Albani says Hasan, Ibn Hajr says Qawi

Then Prophet Muhammad ﷺ took Abu Bakr Siddiq with him and went out to Cave of Sawr in the opposite direction of Medina, to hide from disbelievers temporarily.

Surah Tawbah 9:40

there, Allah revealed : "When the two of them were in the cave, he (Muhammad) said to his companion (Abu Bakr), Do not worry, God is with us."

Abu Bakr's daughter, Asma supplied food to the cave but couldn't find a bag, so she split her belt in 2 and tied the food in it. She got the nickname "Dhat an-Niqatain" (2 belted woman).

Sahih al-Bukhari 2979

After the threat was over, they proceeded towards Medinah.

Many miracles took place during the journey, one of which is when the Prophet rubbed Udders of a Sheep with no milk, which overflowed with milk afterwards. So The Shepherd, Abu Ma'bad accepted Islam.

Mu'jam al-Kabeer 18/343 - Haysami says Sahih

After a Long Journey, the Prophet ﷺ arrived. Bara says he never saw the people of Medina so pleased with anything as they were with his arrival, so much that even the little boys and girls were saying, "This is Allah's Messenger who has come."

Sahih al-Bukhari 4941

A False yet Popular Incident
Upon entering Madinah, Woman and Children greeted him by singing "طلع البدر علينا"

Fath al-Bari 8/129

————————————
Virtue
Anas bin Malik says "'I saw any day brighter than the one on which Muhammad ﷺ entered Madinah."

Musnad Ahmad 14063

The day is definitely blessed.
————————————
@salaf2khalaf

Dua Part 2 : Actions of Dua
•Making Wudu for Dua
•Facing the Qiblah in Dua
•Raising Hands in Dua✋🏻
•Dua after Prayer🛐→✋🏻
•Cupping them together 🤲🏻
•Rubbing them on Face 💆🏻‍♂️
•Other Sunnah Acts
→ I'll add few hadiths, otherwise each topic can be a different post altogether.

𒈔 Wudu for Dua
Prophet asked water to do Wudu and then raised his hands and said : "Allah! Forgive Abu Amir (the martyr)"

Sahih al-Bukhari 4323

𒈔 Facing the Qiblah
Daws Tribe didn't accept Islam so the Prophet faced Qiblah and raised hands to make dua for their guidance.

Bukhari 6397, Adab al-Mufrad 611 with additional wording about Qiblah - Albani graded Sahih

Before Surah Muminoon, 23:1-10 was revealed, Muhammad ﷺ faced the Qiblah and raised his hands making dua for blessing.

Jami at-Tirmidhi 3173, Musnad Ahmad 223 - Rejected Hadith because Yunus is Majhool al-Hal (we don't know the strength of his hadith)

Ibn Taymiyyah said : "Person should not face in Dua other than what he faces in prayer (Qiblah)"

Shawkani in Nayl al-Awtar which Albani copied in Adab al-Mufrad Page 315, I couldn't find Original Reference

𒈔 Raising Hands in Dua
When Khalid bin Walid killed innocent people, Prophet raised his hands and made dua that he's not to be blamed for Khalid's evil deed.

Sahih Bukhari 4339

When Zakat Scandal happened, Prophet Muhammad ﷺ raised his hands till the level of his face and said "He has conveyed Allah's Sharia."

Sahih Bukhari 7197

Muhammad ﷺ raised his hands and prayed for the Ummah like Abraham and Jesus.

Sahih Muslim 202

"Allah is generous and doesn't like returning the people empty handed when they raise hands to him."

Abu Dawood 1488, Tirmidhi 3556 - Albani said Sahih

and the hadiths don't stop at any point, they're abundant.
•Imam Suyuti has claimed Tawatur bil Lafdh on Raising Hands in Dua.

𒈔 Counter against Raising Hands in Dua
Anas bin Malik said : "The Prophet never raised his hands for any dua except for rain."

Bukhari 1031

RasoolAllah didn't raise hands but only 1 Finger.

Sahih Muslim 873

✦ Answer
•Hadith of Anas :
→ Usool of Deen : المثبت مقدم على النافي (Affirming > Negating)
→ It's possible Anas didn't see him raise hands for other duas.
→ Ibn Hajr presents another riwayat saying : He didn't raise hands for dua till his armpits were visible except in dua for Rain.
→ Thus, Anas is negating it about raising the hands higher, not raising altogether.

•Second Hadith is talking only about Khutbah, not Dua.

𒈔 Dua After Prayer
"When you get free from one task, turn to God wholeheartedly."

Surah Inshirah, 94:7-8

Ibn Abbas explains the verse as : "When you have finished prayer, then make dua to Allah."

Tafseer at-Tabari 24:497

•there are countless duas after prayer which i need not discuss here. we can make a separate post for that.

𒈔 Raising Hands in Dua After Prayer
Abdullah ibn al-Zubayr saw a man raising his hands in dua before he finished his prayer. When he finished, he said : “RasoolAllah did not raise his hands until he finished his prayer."

Mu'jam al-Kabeer 13/129 - Haysami says Sahih

Prayer is 2*2, with a Tashahhud for every 2 Rak`ah, you make dua with humility, peace and helplessness and raising your hand till face with palms towards your face making dua.

Tirmidhi 385, Ahmad 1799 - Ibn Hajr says Hasan Chain, although Criticised but Meaning-Wise supported by other weak hadiths.

𒈔 Cupping Hands together
The Prophet was riding at Arafat. He raised his hands in supplication, so his camel began leaning and he dropped her halter, so he took the halter with one of his hands while he was raising the other hand.

Sunan Nasai 3011

→ Camel wouldn't halter if it wasn't both hands raised together.

𒈔 Wiping Over Face
Abdullah ibn Umar and Abdullah ibn Zubayr used to rub their faces with their palms after Dua.

Adab al-Mufrad 609 - Weak but supported by other narrations, making it Hasan

Wiping the face is mentioned in weak ahadith, if one acts on them then there is no harm and if one doesn't, it's better.
Ibn Hajr in Bulugh al-Maram : it is proven by multiple weak hadiths strengthening e/o

Fatawa Ibn Baz 9/165-166

@salaf2khalaf

Dua Part 3 : Congregational Dua
I personally don't participate in congregational dua, but it's valid

𒈔 Saying Ameen to Dua of Someone else
Jibreel did dua against 3 types of people and the Prophet said "Ameen" thrice while ascending the Pulpit/Minbar.
3 types of people are :
•One who couldn't get himself forgiven even in Ramadan
•One who didn't honour his parents in their old age
•One who didn't send Salawat on the Prophet after His name was mentioned.
اللَّهُمَّ صَلَّ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَلَى آلِ مُحَمَّد

Sahih Ibn Hibban 3757, Musnad al-Bazzar 4277, Albani said Sahih li-Ghayrihi in Mawarid az-Zaman 2/439

Prophet said Ameen on Duas of Abu Hurayra and Zaid bin Thabit

Mustadrak lil Hakim 6299 - Hammad bin Shuaib is Weak tho

𒈔 Asking Someone to Make Dua for the Group
Whenever drought came, Umar رضي الله عنه used to ask Uncle of the Prophet, Abbas ع to make dua for Rain.

Sahih al-Bukhari 1010

𒈔 Dua Together
It's not permissible for the one who leads people in prayer to supplicate for himself alone, while excluding the congregation. If he does, then he has betrayed them

Jami' at-Tirmidhi 357 - This one is Hasan/Acceptable but it has many chains, others are Weak

RasoolAllah raised his hands in dua for rain and the people raised their hands as well with Rasoolallah, making dua.

Sahih al-Bukhari 1029

Angels roam the Earth searching for groups that are invoking Allah's name, whenever they find one, they cover the group with their wings and later goes to Allah where they converse and Allah forgives the group.

Bukhari 6408, Muslim 2689

RasoolAllah would rarely stand from a gathering until he made dua with these words for his Sahaba : ‘O Allah,..." and the dua goes on.

Tirmidhi 3502

Ibn Umar would also make this dua for the people whenever he sat in a gathering.

Sunan Nasai al-Kubra 10161

The angels keep making dua for Allah's forgiveness for you as long as you don't leave the Musalla or break wudu

Sahih al-Bukhari 445

No people raise their hands to Allah asking Him for something, except God places in their hands what they asked for.

Mu'jam al-Kabeer 6142 - Haysami said it's Narrators are trustworthy

✦ Possible Counter :
Abdullah bin Masud came to people in masjid who were doing Dhikr while counting on pebbles. He said to them that they're either on a more guided religion than Muhammad ﷺ or they're misguided. Then he narrated the hadith about Dhul Khuwaysirah's descendants (Founder of Khawarij) that they'll recite Qur'an but it won't go down their throat.
Narrator says that most of those people fought against Ali in Naharwan, since they joined Kharijites.

Musnad Darmi 210 - Jayyid (Good) but it's chain is disputed to be Weak

→ Due to this Hadith, people say Ibn Masood disliked Group Dhikr.

✦ Answer :
The Prophet said about Kharijites that Sahaba would look down upon their prayers and fasting in comparison to theirs.

Bukhari 6933

→ in the Same Hadith from Darmi, Abu Musa al-Ashari even says to Abdullah bin Masood that they're doing a Good thing. Therefore this hadith isn't against Group Dhikr but is in evidence for Group Dhikr!
→ Ibn Masud most probably considered them Khawarij since he narrated the hadith Prophet narrated about Kharijites.

Prophet saw a Woman making Tasbeeh on pebbles but he didn't criticise it.

Abu Dawood 1500, Mustadrak 2053 - Sahih li-Ghayrihi

→ Using Tasbeeh or something to count other than fingers is also fine according to this narration.
→ We've already established Group Dhikr previously.
→ Which leaves us to the only conclusion that Ibn Masood criticised those people because of their Khariji Trait or because they did it thinking it's Obligatory, and not critiquing only for Group Dhikr.

Ibn Abbas says : In the lifetime of the Prophet ﷺ, it was the custom to say Allah's praises aloud after the Fardh prayers.

Bukhari 841

𒈔 Doing Group Dua after Every Prayer
•I personally abhor it. It reduces the meaning and value of dua.
•Also, multiple ahadith indicates that it's better to make dua during prayer since God is the closest then.
•Occasional Congregational Dua is fine.

@salaf2khalaf

Is Wiping the Neck in Wudu A Bid'ah?
I don't like bickering about petty issues but a particular sect keep calling the masah of the neck a bid'ah. I don't do it as well but it's really egoistic to call some mustahab to be a bid'ah.

Establishing its authenticity:
•The Primary Evidence is weak ↓
"Musaddad said : Prophet ﷺ wiped his head from front to back until he brought his hands back from below the ears (neck)"

Sunan Abu Dawood 132 - Weak

•The Secondary Evidence
The Ummah is Ghurran Muhajjileen (lustrous with white marking) i.e. the area wherever the Wudu's water reached, that area will be shining in Afterlife.

Sahih al-Bukhari 136, Sahih Muslim 246

That Area struck by Wudu water will also be adorned with jewellery in Jannah.

Sahih al-Bukhari 5953, Sahih Muslim 250

Abu Hurayra رضي الله عنه used to wash his Shoulders and Calves in Wudu as well

Sahih Muslim 246

————————————
"The People of Paradise will wear Crown and Bracelets of Gold and Silver"

Surah Al-Hajj, 22:23
Surah Kahf, 18:31
Surah Fatir, 35:33

→ These adornments mentioned in Qur'an are the places where Wudu water reaches normally.

"The People of Paradise will be wearing Necklaces and they'll enter Jannah"

Sahih al-Bukhari 7439

→ This hadith is in accordance with Qur'an.
Thus, the place mentioned here, i.e. Necklace (which is worn on Neck) should also be the place where Wudu water reaches.

Therefore, Wiping over neck is not an innovation but a recommended act.
@salaf2khalaf

AGREED, DISPUTED, AND UNVERIFIED

Though there is a popular date 12th of Rabi al-Awwal for being birth date of prophet Muhammad ﷺ for which you may see one group celebrating and one group saying otherwise being the day of his (ﷺ) passing. We will look at whats agreed and verified on majority, which date is famous but not verified even not possible in some cases.
This post will not talk about what you should in Rabi al-Awwal because I think this post will give you an idea on how you should look at this dispute.

Agreed upon Unanimously

Day of Birth & Death

Monday- This day is confirmed as the day of birth and passing away by majority there is a minor view for Wednesday being the day of passing but Monday is much authentic.
Monday as day of birth is agreed by everyone no dispute regarding this

Month of Birth and Death

Rabi al-Awwal- Majority view for both birth and passing away though there is small group that say it could be a date in Ramadan for birth but its rejected by consensus. Shia hold opinion of passing away in month of Safar(28th just a day before Rabi al-Awwal).

Year of Birth and Death

Birth- The calendar before the standardized Hijri Calendar and before the revelation about not adding extra month in the calendar, Calendar across arab used to vary alot based on local witness and due to political and trading reasons, so they used to track years through event. And it is agreed upon that the birth year of prophet Muhammad ﷺ was Year of Elephant, it is either 570 or 571 CE.

Death- This is fully agreed by all schools even Shia(though they differ on month)that it was next to year of last sermon(Friday, 9th of Dhul Hijjah, 10th Hijri. Ayah was revealed about not adding 1 extra month) that is 11th Hijri which aligns to 632 CE lasted till start of 633 CE. So it was Rabi al-Awwal of 11th AH/Late May to Late June 632 CE.
Small opinion from shia that it was on last days of Safar (safar is month before Rabi al-Awwal)
11th Hijri is agreed upon by everyone for year of passing no dispute regarding this

Not Agreed upon and couldn't verify

Date of birth and death

Birth- The records before prophethood related to life of prophet Muhammad ﷺ is few to none so the date regarding this is unconfirmed, the popular date of 12th Rabi al-Awwal falling on Monday (Monday is confirmed by prophet Muhammad ﷺ himself) in year of Elephant is not possible by astronomical dating. And the date related to birth of prophet Muhammad ﷺ has changed throughout history among scholars, earlier scholars used to take 8th of Rabi al-Awwal as the predetermined date. The 12th of Rabi al-Awwal was started as a tradition to celebrate the birth of prophet Muhammad ﷺ by a King.
By modern astronomical calculations by Muslim scientists and scholars the most accurate date they trace back to is Monday, 9th Rabi al-Awwal, Year of Elephant that is 20 April 571 CE which is just a day next to most agreed upon date by earlier scholars. Shia view the date of birth to be on 17th of Rabi al-Awwal but none these dates can be 100% be validated except if you want to keep the mathematically calculated one considering that Arabs used to add month in year and calendars were regionally different.

I believe the date of birth to be hidden and Allah only revealed us the day through prophet Muhammad ﷺ himself that is Monday.

Death- The popular date regarding this is also 12th Rabi al-Awwal, Monday, 11th Hijri, which is not possible in any combination of months from 9th of Dhul Hijjah on Friday (confirmed by hadith of last sermon), unless someone in Arab made a mistake in recording dates and made a month 28 or 31 (Lunar Calendars are of 29-30 days).
Through modern calculations and even supported by scholars they date it back to 2nd Rabi al-Awwal 11th Hijri as it falls on Monday and some say it's 1st Rabi al-Awwal by another combination of days in previous month. 12lers Shia also view date to be 28th Safar which is just 2 days before before the Sunni date.
Date of death is either 28th of Safar or 1st or 2nd of Rabi al-Awwal through different combinations
والله أعلم
@URCommonMuslim

Fate of Animals in Afterlife
This is a concerning issue for people with pets but only 1 viewpoint is popular online which dominates the discourse and they get monotonous answers that their pets will become dust and not go to Jannah with them. This is quite disheartening for the pet owner, even though other viewpoints exist.
————————————
✦ Alternative Opinion : Animals will enter Jannah
"We provide them with any fruit or meat they desire."

Surah Tur, 52:22

People of Paradise will have the meat of any bird they like.

Surah Waqiah, 56:21

Sheep 🐏🐑 are Animals of Paradise.

Muwatta Malik 1960, Sunan Ibn Majah 2307, Sahih Jami' 3789- Albani said Sahih

Birds of Paradise will have Necks like Camels (Maybe Flying Dinosaurs 🦕)

Musnad Ahmad 13311 - Shuaib al-Arnaut said Sahih

Man asked RasoolAllah whether he'll have horses that he loves, in Paradise. RasoolAllah said he'll have horses 🐴 🐎 made of red crystals with 2 wings 💎🪽 (Maybe Pegasus)
Another Man asked him whether he'll have Camels 🐪 in Jannah, He said to him : "And You will have whatever your souls desire" (Surah Fussilat, 41:31)

Jami' at-Tirmidhi 2543, 2544, Musnad al-Bazzar 4377

People of Paradise will eat Whale's Liver 🐋 when they enter Jannah and after that, they'll eat Bull's Meat 🐂

Sahih al-Bukhari 3329, 4480, Sahih Muslim 315

Dinosaur Birds 🦖 drink from Haudh-e-Kawthar ⛲

Jami' at-Tirmidhi 2542, Musnad Ahmad 13306 - Shuaib al-Arnaut said Sahih

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✦ . 　⁺ . ✦ . 　⁺ . ✦
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✦ Popular Opinion : Animals will turn into Dust
Justice will be established to the level that even a hornless sheep will take revenge from the horned sheep which broke his horns.

Sahih Muslim 2582, Jami' at-Tirmidhi 2420, Adab al-Mufrad 183, Sunan Nasai 2454

Other Hadiths add the following words :
After Retaliation, Allah will turn the animals to dust. Upon seeing this, Disbelievers will say "I wish I was dust" [Surah Naba, 78:40]

Mustadrak lil Hakim 3270
Mustadrak 8931
Ahwaal of Ibn Abi Dunya 182
Tafseer at-Tabari 24/54-55

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Critique of 2nd Opinion:
•First Part is Authentic.
•Abu Mughirah Qawwas is an Unknown Tabii (Successor), therefore Hadith in Mustadrak 8931 & Ahwal 182 is Weak.
•Ismail bin Rafi' is Very Weak, therefore Hadith in Tafseer of Tabari is also Weak. Ibn Kathir deemed it Weak or Fabricated as well.
•The Only Authentic Hadith regarding Animals turning into Dust is Mustadrak 3270 but that Hadith is a Mawqoof Riwayah (from Abu Hurayra) and not Marfu' (from Prophet).

→ Furthermore, the absence of the last part about Turning into Dust in all other Sahih Hadiths about Justice seems to point towards Idraaj (Addition of Words by Narrators)

→ Therefore, it's highly likely that the Wording : 'Then Allah will say : "Be Dust!" and Animals will become Dust.' is not from the Prophet.
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Conclusion
•Ayahs&Hadiths about Meat in Paradise are Deductive Evidence for Presence of Animals in Jannah
•Hadith of Tirmidhi about Horses and Camels is indicative of Presence of Pets in Jannah
•Hadith about Turning into Dust is Weak and the only Authentic one is not from the Prophet, rather it is from a Sahabi and that too, is pointing towards Idraaj (Addition) which makes it Invalid.
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@salaf2khalaf
Jazakallah Khair

Dua Part 5 : Putting Hand on Forehead For Dua After Prayer
This is a common practice that you will notice in many mosques, performed by a lot of muslims
On a superficial look, it seems like a Bidah to any knowledgeable muslim. Let's take a deeper look on it's validity
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✦ Actual Practice
•What the people do is that :
→ After the Salam of Fardh prayer is completed, they put their right hand on their head/forehead and recite "Ya Qawwiyu" or some other name of Allah 7/11 times while counting on the other hand, to boost memory or other benefits
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✦ Any Basis in Qur'an or Sunnah?
No, but we have some hadiths that are similar but not exactly.
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"RasoolAllah ﷺ would wipe his right hand over his head after finishing prayer and say the dua :
بسم الله الذي لاإله إلا هو الرحمن الرحيم اللهم أذهب عني الهم والحزن
By Allah's name, except him there is no god, he is the Rahman, the Raheem. Ya Allah, remove from me worry and grief."

Mujam al-Awsat 3178
Majma' az-Zawaid 16971

→ Imam Haythami said All narrators are trustworthy except Zaid bin 'Umyi
→ Zaid has both remarks : good and bad, Balanced view is that he can be taken in support but not independently as evidence

→ Shaykh Albani says the hadith is Extremely Weak because all chains have either Kathir bin Sulaym or Salaam al-Madaini
→ Both of these narrators are weak and according to some, even liars.

=> Therefore, this hadith is not usable as evidence for doing the Actual Practice.
•On top of that, the hadith mentions the specific dua yet people say other duas without basis
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✦ Closest Authentic Option
•Making normal dua after Fardh Salah
→ "Sahaba asked RasoolAllah, which supplication is most likely heard?’
He said: ‘During the last part of the night, and at the end of the obligatory prayers.’"

Jami' at-Tirmidhi 3499
Sunan Nasai Kubra 9856
Ibn Taymiyyah said Hasan li Ghayrihi (Good due to external evidence)

•If someone has Ache in some part of the body, then they can put their hand and recite the dua, even if headache.
→ "RasoolAllah taught to a Sahabi : Place your hand at the place where you feel pain in your body and say :
بِسْمِ اللَّهِ 3x
أَعُوذُ بِاللَّهِ وَقُدْرَتِهِ مِنْ شَرِّ مَا أَجِدُ وَأُحَاذِرُ 7x"

Sahih Muslim 2202

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✦ Conclusion
•Normally, it's not desirable to do this baseless act because of Bidah
•In case of headache, a person can make dua in this manner but say the specified duas and not Allah's name preferably (no harm even if he says them)
•Person can say the duas after prayer or any other time.
•Making dua and blowing into hands then rubbing them on the body is permissible [Sahih al-Bukhari 5017]
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@salaf2khalaf
Jazakallah khair