#Mountains_Hills_Peaks_India
Harishchandra Range
▪️The Harischandra Range is a group of hills in the state of Maharashtra, India.
▪️ It lies in the northwestern region of the Deccan Plateau, between the Godavari and the Bhima rivers
▪️The Kalsubai is the highest peak, Harishchandragad is another important peak
▪️The range is thought to have been formed as a result of the downward erosion of the basaltic Deccan Plateau by the Godavari and Bhima rivers
▪️Ahmednagar is the important city of this region, and the hills lie between Ahmednagar and Pune.
@upsc_Map
Harishchandra Range
▪️The Harischandra Range is a group of hills in the state of Maharashtra, India.
▪️ It lies in the northwestern region of the Deccan Plateau, between the Godavari and the Bhima rivers
▪️The Kalsubai is the highest peak, Harishchandragad is another important peak
▪️The range is thought to have been formed as a result of the downward erosion of the basaltic Deccan Plateau by the Godavari and Bhima rivers
▪️Ahmednagar is the important city of this region, and the hills lie between Ahmednagar and Pune.
@upsc_Map
#Mountains_Hills_Peaks_India
Vindhyan Mountains
▪️The Vindhya Range (also known as Vindhyachal) is a complex, discontinuous chain of mountain ridges, hill ranges, highlands and plateau escarpments in west-central India.
▪️Highest peak : (Sadbhawna Shikhar / Kalumar Peak in Damoh district MP) (2,467 ft)
▪️States : Madhya pradesh, Chattisgarh, Gujarat, Uttar pradesh, Bihar
▪️The Vindhyas have a great significance in Indian mythology and history. Several ancient texts mention the Vindhyas as the southern boundary of the Āryāvarta, the territory of the ancient Indo-Aryan peoples.
▪️Although today Indo-Aryan languages are spoken south of the Vindhyas, the range continues to be considered as the traditional boundary between north and south India
▪️Several tributaries of the Ganga-Yamuna system originate from the Vindhyas.These include Chambal, Betwa, Dhasan, Ken, Tamsa, Kali Sindh and Parbati.
@upsc_Map
Vindhyan Mountains
▪️The Vindhya Range (also known as Vindhyachal) is a complex, discontinuous chain of mountain ridges, hill ranges, highlands and plateau escarpments in west-central India.
▪️Highest peak : (Sadbhawna Shikhar / Kalumar Peak in Damoh district MP) (2,467 ft)
▪️States : Madhya pradesh, Chattisgarh, Gujarat, Uttar pradesh, Bihar
▪️The Vindhyas have a great significance in Indian mythology and history. Several ancient texts mention the Vindhyas as the southern boundary of the Āryāvarta, the territory of the ancient Indo-Aryan peoples.
▪️Although today Indo-Aryan languages are spoken south of the Vindhyas, the range continues to be considered as the traditional boundary between north and south India
▪️Several tributaries of the Ganga-Yamuna system originate from the Vindhyas.These include Chambal, Betwa, Dhasan, Ken, Tamsa, Kali Sindh and Parbati.
@upsc_Map
#Lakes_Dams
Pulicat lake
▪️ Pulicat Lagoon is the second largest brackish water lagoon in India, after Chilika Lake.
▪️ Pulicat Lagoon is considered to be the second largest brackish water body in India measuring 759 square kilometres.
▪️ The lagoon is one of the three important wetlands to attract northeast monsoon rain clouds during the October to December season in the Tirupati Region.
▪️ The lagoon comprises the following regions, which adds up 759 square kilometres according to Andhra Pradesh Forest Department: 1) Pulicat Lake. 2) Marshy/Wetland Land Region. 3) Venadu Reserve Forest. 4) Pernadu Reserve Forest (AP).
▪️ The lagoon was cut across in the middle by the Sriharikota Link Road.
▪️ The lagoon encompasses the Pulicat Lake Bird Sanctuary.
▪️ The barrier island of Sriharikota separates the lagoon from the Bay of Bengal and is home to the Satish Dhawan Space Centre.
▪️ Major part of the lagoon comes under Nellore district of Andhra Pradesh.
@upsc_Map
Pulicat lake
▪️ Pulicat Lagoon is the second largest brackish water lagoon in India, after Chilika Lake.
▪️ Pulicat Lagoon is considered to be the second largest brackish water body in India measuring 759 square kilometres.
▪️ The lagoon is one of the three important wetlands to attract northeast monsoon rain clouds during the October to December season in the Tirupati Region.
▪️ The lagoon comprises the following regions, which adds up 759 square kilometres according to Andhra Pradesh Forest Department: 1) Pulicat Lake. 2) Marshy/Wetland Land Region. 3) Venadu Reserve Forest. 4) Pernadu Reserve Forest (AP).
▪️ The lagoon was cut across in the middle by the Sriharikota Link Road.
▪️ The lagoon encompasses the Pulicat Lake Bird Sanctuary.
▪️ The barrier island of Sriharikota separates the lagoon from the Bay of Bengal and is home to the Satish Dhawan Space Centre.
▪️ Major part of the lagoon comes under Nellore district of Andhra Pradesh.
@upsc_Map
#Lakes_Dams
Chad Lake
▪️ This is a shallow lake on the frontiers of Chad, Niger, and Nigeria in north central Africa.
▪️ Its size varies seasonally from over 10,000 sq km to about 25,000 sq km.
▪️ Ndjamena, the capital of Chad, is located along is southeastern coast.
▪️ Due to the arid and semi-arid condition of the Sahara Desert, it is a great attraction for the domestic and international tourists.
@upsc_Map
Chad Lake
▪️ This is a shallow lake on the frontiers of Chad, Niger, and Nigeria in north central Africa.
▪️ Its size varies seasonally from over 10,000 sq km to about 25,000 sq km.
▪️ Ndjamena, the capital of Chad, is located along is southeastern coast.
▪️ Due to the arid and semi-arid condition of the Sahara Desert, it is a great attraction for the domestic and international tourists.
@upsc_Map
#Mountains_Hills_Peaks_India
Dafla hills
▪️Location : Daphla (or Dafla) Hills is a tract of hilly country on the border of western Arunachal and Assam
▪️It is occupied by an independent tribe called Daphla.
▪️ It lies to the north of the Tezpur and North Lakhimpur subdivisions, and is bounded on the west by the Aka Hills and on the east by the Abor Range.
@upsc_Map
Dafla hills
▪️Location : Daphla (or Dafla) Hills is a tract of hilly country on the border of western Arunachal and Assam
▪️It is occupied by an independent tribe called Daphla.
▪️ It lies to the north of the Tezpur and North Lakhimpur subdivisions, and is bounded on the west by the Aka Hills and on the east by the Abor Range.
@upsc_Map
#Mountains_Hills_Peaks_India
Dalma Hills
▪️ Location : Jamshedpur District, jharkhand
▪️ River nearby : subarnrekha
▪️Dalma wildlife sanctuary : Important species - Barking dear, leopard, sloth bear, elephants, porcupines , and tigers.
@upsc_Map
Dalma Hills
▪️ Location : Jamshedpur District, jharkhand
▪️ River nearby : subarnrekha
▪️Dalma wildlife sanctuary : Important species - Barking dear, leopard, sloth bear, elephants, porcupines , and tigers.
@upsc_Map
#Mountains_Hills_Peaks_India
Origin place of river Narmada
(Amarkantak)
▪️ Amarkantak is the place from where the Narmada river originates. It rises from the Maikal ranges.
▪️Amarkantak is in shahdol District, Madhya Pradesh.
River mainly flows in Central MP
▪️ The river flows from the eastward direction to the westward into the Arabian sea. It merges into the ocean at the point called 'Bharonch'
▪️The Narmada finds mention in ancient texts of India as one of the seven most sacred rivers in India. The river is considered as the Goddess and is worshiped in India. There are numerous thirthas on the banks of the river, the most important among them are Mahewswar and Omkareshwar tempes.
▪️Large population of India including the tribal population such as Gonds, Bhils, Santhals, Kurkus are heavily dependent on its water.
▪️Narmada Valley project on this river
@upsc_Map
Origin place of river Narmada
(Amarkantak)
▪️ Amarkantak is the place from where the Narmada river originates. It rises from the Maikal ranges.
▪️Amarkantak is in shahdol District, Madhya Pradesh.
River mainly flows in Central MP
▪️ The river flows from the eastward direction to the westward into the Arabian sea. It merges into the ocean at the point called 'Bharonch'
▪️The Narmada finds mention in ancient texts of India as one of the seven most sacred rivers in India. The river is considered as the Goddess and is worshiped in India. There are numerous thirthas on the banks of the river, the most important among them are Mahewswar and Omkareshwar tempes.
▪️Large population of India including the tribal population such as Gonds, Bhils, Santhals, Kurkus are heavily dependent on its water.
▪️Narmada Valley project on this river
@upsc_Map
#Mountains_Hills_Peaks_India
Javadi Hills
▪️The Javadhi Hills (also Jawadhi, Jawadhu Hills) are an extension of the Eastern Ghats spread across parts of Vellore and Tiruvannamalai districts in the northern part of the state of Tamil Nadu in southeastern India.
▪️ During the British colonisation of India, the Javadhu Hills appeared occasionally in government gazetteers and manuals, ethnographies, and travelers' accounts. Henry le Fanu, writing in 1883, admired the beauty of the Jawadhi hills.
▪️ The Indian astronomer Vainu Bappu selected the hills as the site of the Kavalur Observatory (VBO), which began operations in 1967.
@upsc_Map
Javadi Hills
▪️The Javadhi Hills (also Jawadhi, Jawadhu Hills) are an extension of the Eastern Ghats spread across parts of Vellore and Tiruvannamalai districts in the northern part of the state of Tamil Nadu in southeastern India.
▪️ During the British colonisation of India, the Javadhu Hills appeared occasionally in government gazetteers and manuals, ethnographies, and travelers' accounts. Henry le Fanu, writing in 1883, admired the beauty of the Jawadhi hills.
▪️ The Indian astronomer Vainu Bappu selected the hills as the site of the Kavalur Observatory (VBO), which began operations in 1967.
@upsc_Map
#Mountains_Hills_Peaks_India
Malayagiri
▪️ Malayagiri, is a mountain peak in the Malayagiri hills subrange of the Garhjat Range
▪️It is located near Pal Lahara town near in the district Anugul of Odisha State
Upsc_Map
Malayagiri
▪️ Malayagiri, is a mountain peak in the Malayagiri hills subrange of the Garhjat Range
▪️It is located near Pal Lahara town near in the district Anugul of Odisha State
Upsc_Map
#Mountains_Hills_Peaks_India
Cardamom Hills
◾️ Also called Yela Mala hills
◾️ Famous for crops like Cardamom, Pepper and Coffee
▪️States : Kerala and Tamilnadu
◾️ Western Ghats along with Cardamom Hills are UNESCO World Heritage Site
◾️Includes Idukki Dam and Mullaperiyar Dam
◾️ Surrounded by Annamalai hills to North west, Palani hills to North east and Agasthyamalai hills to South
@upsc_Map
Cardamom Hills
◾️ Also called Yela Mala hills
◾️ Famous for crops like Cardamom, Pepper and Coffee
▪️States : Kerala and Tamilnadu
◾️ Western Ghats along with Cardamom Hills are UNESCO World Heritage Site
◾️Includes Idukki Dam and Mullaperiyar Dam
◾️ Surrounded by Annamalai hills to North west, Palani hills to North east and Agasthyamalai hills to South
@upsc_Map
#Mountains_Hills_Peaks_India
Kaimur Range
◾️ Eastern portion of Vindhya range (an extension of it)
◾️ Passes through Rewa division of MP, Mirzapur division of UP and Rohtas district of Bihar
◾️ Forms watershed or divide between Son river and Tamsa river
◾️ The range is continuous and no gorges or wind gaps are present
▪️ Protected areas in the Kaimur Range include:
Kaimoor wildlife sanctuary in Uttar Pradesh
Chandra prabha wildlife sanctuary in Uttar Pradesh
@upsc_Map
Kaimur Range
◾️ Eastern portion of Vindhya range (an extension of it)
◾️ Passes through Rewa division of MP, Mirzapur division of UP and Rohtas district of Bihar
◾️ Forms watershed or divide between Son river and Tamsa river
◾️ The range is continuous and no gorges or wind gaps are present
▪️ Protected areas in the Kaimur Range include:
Kaimoor wildlife sanctuary in Uttar Pradesh
Chandra prabha wildlife sanctuary in Uttar Pradesh
@upsc_Map
#Mountains_Hills_Peaks_India
Shillong Plateau
◾️ Highland in Eastern Meghalaya and is an outlier of plateau of Peninsular India
◾️ Plateau's western, northern and southern end are Garo, Khasi and Jaintia hills respectively
◾️ Composed of ancient rocks and contains reserves of Coal, Iron ore, Limestone, etc
◾️ Shillong Peak is the highest point
Important Facts about Meghalaya
◾️ World's Largest cave fish discovered from Um Ladaw cave in Meghalaya's Jaintia Hills
◾️ World's longest Sandstone cave (around 24.5 Km) named Krem Puri is in Khasi hills
◾️ Further India's longest caves are present in Meghalaya
◾️ Meghalayan Age refers to 4200 years ago to present. It comes under Holocene Epoch. This was discovered after studying Stalagmites of Mawmluh caves in Meghalaya
◾️ Living Root Bridges are also a paradise to watch
◾️ Important places: Mawsynram, Cherrapunji (wettest place) in Khasi hills
◾️ In 2018 Mahabaleshwar of Maharashtra received more rainfall than Cherrapunji
@upsc_Map
Shillong Plateau
◾️ Highland in Eastern Meghalaya and is an outlier of plateau of Peninsular India
◾️ Plateau's western, northern and southern end are Garo, Khasi and Jaintia hills respectively
◾️ Composed of ancient rocks and contains reserves of Coal, Iron ore, Limestone, etc
◾️ Shillong Peak is the highest point
Important Facts about Meghalaya
◾️ World's Largest cave fish discovered from Um Ladaw cave in Meghalaya's Jaintia Hills
◾️ World's longest Sandstone cave (around 24.5 Km) named Krem Puri is in Khasi hills
◾️ Further India's longest caves are present in Meghalaya
◾️ Meghalayan Age refers to 4200 years ago to present. It comes under Holocene Epoch. This was discovered after studying Stalagmites of Mawmluh caves in Meghalaya
◾️ Living Root Bridges are also a paradise to watch
◾️ Important places: Mawsynram, Cherrapunji (wettest place) in Khasi hills
◾️ In 2018 Mahabaleshwar of Maharashtra received more rainfall than Cherrapunji
@upsc_Map
#Mountains_Hills_Peaks_India
Dhauladhar Range
◾️ Also called White Range
◾️ part of Lesser Himalayas or Outer Himalayas or Himachal or Mahabharat Range
◾️ Highest peak is Hanuman Tibba
◾️ Start from Dalhousie and near Badrinath. Lie almost entirely in Himachal Pradesh and Jk
◾️ prominent pass across the range is Indrahar pass
◾️ To the south lies the famous Kangra valley
@upsc_Map
Dhauladhar Range
◾️ Also called White Range
◾️ part of Lesser Himalayas or Outer Himalayas or Himachal or Mahabharat Range
◾️ Highest peak is Hanuman Tibba
◾️ Start from Dalhousie and near Badrinath. Lie almost entirely in Himachal Pradesh and Jk
◾️ prominent pass across the range is Indrahar pass
◾️ To the south lies the famous Kangra valley
@upsc_Map
#Mountains_Hills_Peaks_India
Baghelkhand
▪️Bagelkhand or Baghelkhand is a region and also a mountain range in central India that covers the northeastern regions of Madhya Pradesh and a small area of southeastern Uttar Pradesh
▪️It includes the Madhya Pradesh districts Rewa, Satna, Shahdol, Sidhi, and Singrauli and Chitrakoot of Uttar Pradesh.
▪️States : Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh
▪️ Language : Bagheli Language of Hindustani dialect
▪️ Bagelkhand is surrounded by the Indo-Gangetic plains in the north and east, Bundelkhand in the west and the Vindhya range in the south.
▪️ Important tribes of this region : Uranv, kawar, Kol, Birhor.
@upsc_Map
Baghelkhand
▪️Bagelkhand or Baghelkhand is a region and also a mountain range in central India that covers the northeastern regions of Madhya Pradesh and a small area of southeastern Uttar Pradesh
▪️It includes the Madhya Pradesh districts Rewa, Satna, Shahdol, Sidhi, and Singrauli and Chitrakoot of Uttar Pradesh.
▪️States : Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh
▪️ Language : Bagheli Language of Hindustani dialect
▪️ Bagelkhand is surrounded by the Indo-Gangetic plains in the north and east, Bundelkhand in the west and the Vindhya range in the south.
▪️ Important tribes of this region : Uranv, kawar, Kol, Birhor.
@upsc_Map
#Mountains_Hills_Peaks_India
Harishchandra Range
▪️The Harischandra Range is a group of hills in the state of Maharashtra, India.
▪️ It lies in the northwestern region of the Deccan Plateau, between the Godavari and the Bhima rivers
▪️The Kalsubai is the highest peak, Harishchandragad is another important peak
▪️The range is thought to have been formed as a result of the downward erosion of the basaltic Deccan Plateau by the Godavari and Bhima rivers
▪️Ahmednagar is the important city of this region, and the hills lie between Ahmednagar and Pune.
@upsc_Map
Harishchandra Range
▪️The Harischandra Range is a group of hills in the state of Maharashtra, India.
▪️ It lies in the northwestern region of the Deccan Plateau, between the Godavari and the Bhima rivers
▪️The Kalsubai is the highest peak, Harishchandragad is another important peak
▪️The range is thought to have been formed as a result of the downward erosion of the basaltic Deccan Plateau by the Godavari and Bhima rivers
▪️Ahmednagar is the important city of this region, and the hills lie between Ahmednagar and Pune.
@upsc_Map
#Lakes_Dams
Sambhar Lake
▪️ The Sambhar Salt Lake, India's largest inland salt lake, is located 80 km (50 mi) southwest of the city of Jaipur and 64 km (40 mi) northeast of Ajmer, Rajasthan.
▪️ It surrounds the historical Sambhar Lake Town.
@upsc_Map
Sambhar Lake
▪️ The Sambhar Salt Lake, India's largest inland salt lake, is located 80 km (50 mi) southwest of the city of Jaipur and 64 km (40 mi) northeast of Ajmer, Rajasthan.
▪️ It surrounds the historical Sambhar Lake Town.
@upsc_Map
#Lakes_Dams
Vembanad lake
▪️ Vembanad or Vembanad Kol is the longest lake in India, and the largest lake in the state of Kerala
▪️ It is the second largest Ramasar site in India only after Sunderbans in west bengal, Spanning several districts in the state of Kerala
▪️ It is known as Vembanadu Lake in Alappuzha, Punnamada Lake in Kuttanad and Kochi Lake in Kochi.
▪️ The famous Nehru Trophy Boat Race is conducted in a portion of the lake in Alappuzha.
▪️ The government of India has identified the Vembanad wetland under the National Wetlands Conservation Programme.
@upsc_Map
Vembanad lake
▪️ Vembanad or Vembanad Kol is the longest lake in India, and the largest lake in the state of Kerala
▪️ It is the second largest Ramasar site in India only after Sunderbans in west bengal, Spanning several districts in the state of Kerala
▪️ It is known as Vembanadu Lake in Alappuzha, Punnamada Lake in Kuttanad and Kochi Lake in Kochi.
▪️ The famous Nehru Trophy Boat Race is conducted in a portion of the lake in Alappuzha.
▪️ The government of India has identified the Vembanad wetland under the National Wetlands Conservation Programme.
@upsc_Map
#Mountains_Hills_Peaks_India
Malwa Plateau
▪️ Malwa Plateau, plateau region in north-central India
▪️ Of volcanic origin, the plateau comprises central Madhya Pradesh state and southeastern Rajasthan state.
▪️ The name Malwa is derived from the Sanskrit malav (part of the abode of Laksmi [goddess of wealth]).
▪️ The plateau was ruled successively by the Maurya, Gupta, and Paramara dynasties
▪️The western part of the region is drained by the Mahi River, the middle section by the Chambal River, and the eastern part by the Betwa River and the headwaters of the Dhasan and Ken rivers
@upsc_Map
Malwa Plateau
▪️ Malwa Plateau, plateau region in north-central India
▪️ Of volcanic origin, the plateau comprises central Madhya Pradesh state and southeastern Rajasthan state.
▪️ The name Malwa is derived from the Sanskrit malav (part of the abode of Laksmi [goddess of wealth]).
▪️ The plateau was ruled successively by the Maurya, Gupta, and Paramara dynasties
▪️The western part of the region is drained by the Mahi River, the middle section by the Chambal River, and the eastern part by the Betwa River and the headwaters of the Dhasan and Ken rivers
@upsc_Map
#Mountains_Hills_Peaks_India
Maikal Range (Hills)
▪️The Maikal Hills are range of hills in the state of Chhattisgarh India.
▪️The Maikal Hills are an eastern part of the Satpuras in Kawardha District of Chhattisgarh
▪️ This densely forested and thinly populated range gives rise to several streams and rivers including the tributaries of Narmada and Wainganga rivers.
▪️ The hills are inhabited by two tribal peoples, the Baigas and the Gonds
▪️The hills are known to contain bauxite, an ore for aluminium.
@upsc_Map
Maikal Range (Hills)
▪️The Maikal Hills are range of hills in the state of Chhattisgarh India.
▪️The Maikal Hills are an eastern part of the Satpuras in Kawardha District of Chhattisgarh
▪️ This densely forested and thinly populated range gives rise to several streams and rivers including the tributaries of Narmada and Wainganga rivers.
▪️ The hills are inhabited by two tribal peoples, the Baigas and the Gonds
▪️The hills are known to contain bauxite, an ore for aluminium.
@upsc_Map
#Mountains_Hills_Peaks_India
Rajmahal Hills
▪️Rajmahal Hills are located in the Santhal Pargana division of Jharkhand, India
▪️its hills are today inhabited by the Sauria Paharia people whilst its valleys are dominated by the Santhal people.
▪️The Rajmahal hills are named after the town of Rajmahal
▪️The River Ganges wanders around the hills changing the direction of flow from east to south.
▪️ Francis Buchanan-Hamilton travelled through the Rajmahal hills in the early 19th century. He described the hills that seemed impenetrable.
@upsc_Map
Rajmahal Hills
▪️Rajmahal Hills are located in the Santhal Pargana division of Jharkhand, India
▪️its hills are today inhabited by the Sauria Paharia people whilst its valleys are dominated by the Santhal people.
▪️The Rajmahal hills are named after the town of Rajmahal
▪️The River Ganges wanders around the hills changing the direction of flow from east to south.
▪️ Francis Buchanan-Hamilton travelled through the Rajmahal hills in the early 19th century. He described the hills that seemed impenetrable.
@upsc_Map