#River_India
SON RIVER
▪️ Origin - Maikal hills (Vindhyanchal range, Anuppur district – Madhya Pradesh).
▪️ Flows in MP, UP and Bihar.
▪️ Dams - Bansagar Dam, Indrapuri Dam.
▪️ River sone joins Ganges near Patna.
▪️ Tributaries : -
• Rihand River • Johila River
• Kanhar River • North koel River
• Gopad River • Chhoti Mahanadi River.
Join👉 @upsc_map
SON RIVER
▪️ Origin - Maikal hills (Vindhyanchal range, Anuppur district – Madhya Pradesh).
▪️ Flows in MP, UP and Bihar.
▪️ Dams - Bansagar Dam, Indrapuri Dam.
▪️ River sone joins Ganges near Patna.
▪️ Tributaries : -
• Rihand River • Johila River
• Kanhar River • North koel River
• Gopad River • Chhoti Mahanadi River.
Join👉 @upsc_map
#River_India
SON RIVER
▪️ Origin - Maikal hills (Vindhyanchal range, Anuppur district – Madhya Pradesh).
▪️ Flows in MP, UP and Bihar.
▪️ Dams - Bansagar Dam, Indrapuri Dam.
▪️ River sone joins Ganges near Patna.
▪️ Tributaries : -
• Rihand River • Johila River
• Kanhar River • North koel River
• Gopad River • Chhoti Mahanadi River.
@upsc_Map
SON RIVER
▪️ Origin - Maikal hills (Vindhyanchal range, Anuppur district – Madhya Pradesh).
▪️ Flows in MP, UP and Bihar.
▪️ Dams - Bansagar Dam, Indrapuri Dam.
▪️ River sone joins Ganges near Patna.
▪️ Tributaries : -
• Rihand River • Johila River
• Kanhar River • North koel River
• Gopad River • Chhoti Mahanadi River.
@upsc_Map
#River_India
GHAGHRA RIVER
▪️ Also know as Kuriala in Nepal Himalayas.
▪️ Originates near Gurla Mandhata peak, south of Mansarovar in Tibet.
▪️ Tributaries :-
• Sarda • Sarayu • Rapti
▪️ Passing through Ayodhya and Faizabad town, it joins River Ganges at Chapra near Ballia Town.
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GHAGHRA RIVER
▪️ Also know as Kuriala in Nepal Himalayas.
▪️ Originates near Gurla Mandhata peak, south of Mansarovar in Tibet.
▪️ Tributaries :-
• Sarda • Sarayu • Rapti
▪️ Passing through Ayodhya and Faizabad town, it joins River Ganges at Chapra near Ballia Town.
Join👉 @upsc_map
KALI RIVER
▪️ Also know as Sharda river.
▪️ originates at Kalapani in the Himalayas in the Pithoragarh district in Uttarakhand.
▪️ It forms boundary between Nepal and Kumaun.
▪️ It discharges in Ghagra river in UP.
▪️ River Projects :-
• Tanakpur hydro-electric project.
• Chameliya hydro-electric project.
• Sharda Barrage Project.
▪️ Kalapani dispute :-
• The Treaty of Sugauli signed by the Kingdom of Nepal and British India (after Anglo-Nepalese War) in 1816 located the Kali River as Nepal's western boundary with India.
• The discrepancy in locating the source of the river led to boundary disputes between India and Nepal, with each country producing maps supporting their own claims.
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▪️ Also know as Sharda river.
▪️ originates at Kalapani in the Himalayas in the Pithoragarh district in Uttarakhand.
▪️ It forms boundary between Nepal and Kumaun.
▪️ It discharges in Ghagra river in UP.
▪️ River Projects :-
• Tanakpur hydro-electric project.
• Chameliya hydro-electric project.
• Sharda Barrage Project.
▪️ Kalapani dispute :-
• The Treaty of Sugauli signed by the Kingdom of Nepal and British India (after Anglo-Nepalese War) in 1816 located the Kali River as Nepal's western boundary with India.
• The discrepancy in locating the source of the river led to boundary disputes between India and Nepal, with each country producing maps supporting their own claims.
Join👉 @upsc_map
List of 13 Major Ports in India
1. Kandla Port (Gujarat)
2. Jawaharlal Nehru Port (Maharashtra)
3. Mumbai Port
4.Visakhapatnam Port (Andhra Pradesh)
5. Chennai Port
Mormugao Port (Goa)
Port Blair Port (Andaman and Nicobar Islands)
Kolkata Port
Paradip Port (Orissa)
Cochin Port (Kerala)
Tuticorin Port (Tamil Nadu)
Ennore Port (Chennai)
Panambur Port Mangalore/ New Mangalore Port (Karnataka)
1. Kandla Port (Gujarat)
2. Jawaharlal Nehru Port (Maharashtra)
3. Mumbai Port
4.Visakhapatnam Port (Andhra Pradesh)
5. Chennai Port
Mormugao Port (Goa)
Port Blair Port (Andaman and Nicobar Islands)
Kolkata Port
Paradip Port (Orissa)
Cochin Port (Kerala)
Tuticorin Port (Tamil Nadu)
Ennore Port (Chennai)
Panambur Port Mangalore/ New Mangalore Port (Karnataka)
#River_India
KOSI RIVER
▪️ Consist of Seven streams and popularly known as SaptKaushiki.
▪️ Seven streams mingle each other to form three streams known as Tumar, Arun and Sun kosi.
▪️ They unite at Triveni to Form Kosi River.
▪️ They join Ganga near Kursela.
▪️ The channel is braided and shifts its course frequently which Causes devastating Floods. The River is often called Sorrow of Bihar.
▪️ A barrage was constructed in 1965 at Hanumangarh at Nepal.
KOSI RIVER
▪️ Consist of Seven streams and popularly known as SaptKaushiki.
▪️ Seven streams mingle each other to form three streams known as Tumar, Arun and Sun kosi.
▪️ They unite at Triveni to Form Kosi River.
▪️ They join Ganga near Kursela.
▪️ The channel is braided and shifts its course frequently which Causes devastating Floods. The River is often called Sorrow of Bihar.
▪️ A barrage was constructed in 1965 at Hanumangarh at Nepal.
#River_India
PENISULAR RIVER SYSTEM
▪️ The Penisular rivers are much older than Himalayan Rivers.
▪️ Penisular Rivers are Non - Perennial Rivers.
▪️ Rivers have reached their Mature stage and have almost reached the Base level.
▪️ Characterised by Broad and shallow valleys.
▪️ Water divide in Penisular rivers forms by Western ghats.
▪️ Velocity and load carrying capacity is low due to Low gradient.
▪️ East flowing rivers make deltas at their mouth while West flowing rivers make Estuaries.
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PENISULAR RIVER SYSTEM
▪️ The Penisular rivers are much older than Himalayan Rivers.
▪️ Penisular Rivers are Non - Perennial Rivers.
▪️ Rivers have reached their Mature stage and have almost reached the Base level.
▪️ Characterised by Broad and shallow valleys.
▪️ Water divide in Penisular rivers forms by Western ghats.
▪️ Velocity and load carrying capacity is low due to Low gradient.
▪️ East flowing rivers make deltas at their mouth while West flowing rivers make Estuaries.
Join👉 @upsc_map
#River_India
MAHANADI RIVER
▪️ Length - 885Km.
▪️ Basin extends over the states of Chattisgarh, Odisha, Jharkhand, Maharashtra and MP.
▪️ Source - Dandakaranya ( Amarkantaka ) in Raipur district of Chattisgarh.
▪️ It enters Odisha plains near Cuttack and enters Bay of Bengal at False point.
▪️ Tributaries :-
• Left bank - Seonath, Hasdeo, Mand, Ib.
• Right bank - Ong, tel, Jonk.
▪️ Project on Mahanadi River :-
• Hirakud Project.
• Mahanadi delta Project.
• Hasdeo Bango.
• Mahanadi reservoir Project.
@upsc_Map
MAHANADI RIVER
▪️ Length - 885Km.
▪️ Basin extends over the states of Chattisgarh, Odisha, Jharkhand, Maharashtra and MP.
▪️ Source - Dandakaranya ( Amarkantaka ) in Raipur district of Chattisgarh.
▪️ It enters Odisha plains near Cuttack and enters Bay of Bengal at False point.
▪️ Tributaries :-
• Left bank - Seonath, Hasdeo, Mand, Ib.
• Right bank - Ong, tel, Jonk.
▪️ Project on Mahanadi River :-
• Hirakud Project.
• Mahanadi delta Project.
• Hasdeo Bango.
• Mahanadi reservoir Project.
@upsc_Map
#River_India
KOSI RIVER
▪️ Consist of Seven streams and popularly known as SaptKaushiki.
▪️ Seven streams mingle each other to form three streams known as Tumar, Arun and Sun kosi.
▪️ They unite at Triveni to Form Kosi River.
▪️ They join Ganga near Kursela.
▪️ The channel is braided and shifts its course frequently which Causes devastating Floods. The River is often called Sorrow of Bihar.
▪️ A barrage was constructed in 1965 at Hanumangarh at Nepal.
Join👉 @upsc_map
KOSI RIVER
▪️ Consist of Seven streams and popularly known as SaptKaushiki.
▪️ Seven streams mingle each other to form three streams known as Tumar, Arun and Sun kosi.
▪️ They unite at Triveni to Form Kosi River.
▪️ They join Ganga near Kursela.
▪️ The channel is braided and shifts its course frequently which Causes devastating Floods. The River is often called Sorrow of Bihar.
▪️ A barrage was constructed in 1965 at Hanumangarh at Nepal.
Join👉 @upsc_map
#River_India
GODAVARI RIVER
▪️ Largest river of Penisular India. Length - 1465Km.
▪️ also called as - Dakshin Ganga.
▪️ Rises from Timbakeshwar in the Nashik district of Maharashtra.
▪️ States - Maharashtra, Telangana, Andhra, Chattisgarh, Odisha, MP, Karnataka, Poducherry (UT).
▪️ Tributaries :-
• Left Bank - Dharna, Penganga, Wainganga, wardha, panahita, Pench, Sabari, Indravati.
• Right bank - Pravara, Mula, Manjra, Paddavagu, Maner etc
▪️ Below Rajahmundry, the River divides into two main streams Gautami Godavari on east and Vashishta Godavari on west.
▪️ It forms large delta before pour into Bay of Bengal.
Join👉 @upsc_map
GODAVARI RIVER
▪️ Largest river of Penisular India. Length - 1465Km.
▪️ also called as - Dakshin Ganga.
▪️ Rises from Timbakeshwar in the Nashik district of Maharashtra.
▪️ States - Maharashtra, Telangana, Andhra, Chattisgarh, Odisha, MP, Karnataka, Poducherry (UT).
▪️ Tributaries :-
• Left Bank - Dharna, Penganga, Wainganga, wardha, panahita, Pench, Sabari, Indravati.
• Right bank - Pravara, Mula, Manjra, Paddavagu, Maner etc
▪️ Below Rajahmundry, the River divides into two main streams Gautami Godavari on east and Vashishta Godavari on west.
▪️ It forms large delta before pour into Bay of Bengal.
Join👉 @upsc_map
#River_India
KOSI RIVER
▪️ Consist of Seven streams and popularly known as SaptKaushiki.
▪️ Seven streams mingle each other to form three streams known as Tumar, Arun and Sun kosi.
▪️ They unite at Triveni to Form Kosi River.
▪️ They join Ganga near Kursela.
▪️ The channel is braided and shifts its course frequently which Causes devastating Floods. The River is often called Sorrow of Bihar.
▪️ A barrage was constructed in 1965 at Hanumangarh at Nepal.
Join👉 @upsc_map
KOSI RIVER
▪️ Consist of Seven streams and popularly known as SaptKaushiki.
▪️ Seven streams mingle each other to form three streams known as Tumar, Arun and Sun kosi.
▪️ They unite at Triveni to Form Kosi River.
▪️ They join Ganga near Kursela.
▪️ The channel is braided and shifts its course frequently which Causes devastating Floods. The River is often called Sorrow of Bihar.
▪️ A barrage was constructed in 1965 at Hanumangarh at Nepal.
Join👉 @upsc_map
Lachin Corridor
✅ Why in News: United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund (UNICEF) has issued a statement warning about deteriorating humanitarian situation in Nagorno-Karabakh due to closure of Lachin Corridor.
✅It is a road that links Armenia and the enclave of Nagorno-Karabakh.
✅It has been blocked by Azerbaijani protesters related to the issue of illegal mining of natural resources in Nagorno-Karabakh.
✅It supports movement of people and essential goods like- food, fuel, and medical supplies in or out of the enclave.
#Places_in_news
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✅ Why in News: United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund (UNICEF) has issued a statement warning about deteriorating humanitarian situation in Nagorno-Karabakh due to closure of Lachin Corridor.
✅It is a road that links Armenia and the enclave of Nagorno-Karabakh.
✅It has been blocked by Azerbaijani protesters related to the issue of illegal mining of natural resources in Nagorno-Karabakh.
✅It supports movement of people and essential goods like- food, fuel, and medical supplies in or out of the enclave.
#Places_in_news
Join @upsc_map
#River_India
KRISHNA RIVER
▪️ Second largest river of Penisular after Godavari.
▪️ Flows through Maharashtra, Telangana, Andhra and Karnataka.
▪️ Rises from western ghats near Jor village of satara district of Maharashtra.
▪️ Tributaries :-
• Left bank - Ghataprabha, Malprabha and Tunghbhadra.
• Right bank - Bhima, Musi and Munneru.
▪️ It flows into Bay of Bengal.
▪️ Krishna basin is known for its D-6 block where Reliance Industries discovered largest Natural gas reserves in 2003.
Join👉 @upsc_map
KRISHNA RIVER
▪️ Second largest river of Penisular after Godavari.
▪️ Flows through Maharashtra, Telangana, Andhra and Karnataka.
▪️ Rises from western ghats near Jor village of satara district of Maharashtra.
▪️ Tributaries :-
• Left bank - Ghataprabha, Malprabha and Tunghbhadra.
• Right bank - Bhima, Musi and Munneru.
▪️ It flows into Bay of Bengal.
▪️ Krishna basin is known for its D-6 block where Reliance Industries discovered largest Natural gas reserves in 2003.
Join👉 @upsc_map
#National_Park
🔆Silent Valley National Park
✅ Location: Palakkad district in Nilgiri Mountains of Kerala.
✅ Silent Valley was declared as National Park in 1984 and formally inaugurated in the year 1985.
✅It is at the heart of Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve and consists of areas of South Western Ghats rain forests and tropical wet evergreen jungle. River Kunthi passes through it.
✅Flora: Humid wet Evergreen Rain Forests. The major plants of the park are Teak, Amla, Semal, Rosewood along with bamboo.
✅Fauna: Silent Valley Park is known for many highly endangered species such as lion-tailed macaque, tiger, gaur, leopard, wild boar, panther, Indian Civet and Sambhar.
✅Among the 488 species of odonates found in India, the Western Ghats are home to 193.
Join👉 @upsc_environment_notes
🔆Silent Valley National Park
✅ Location: Palakkad district in Nilgiri Mountains of Kerala.
✅ Silent Valley was declared as National Park in 1984 and formally inaugurated in the year 1985.
✅It is at the heart of Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve and consists of areas of South Western Ghats rain forests and tropical wet evergreen jungle. River Kunthi passes through it.
✅Flora: Humid wet Evergreen Rain Forests. The major plants of the park are Teak, Amla, Semal, Rosewood along with bamboo.
✅Fauna: Silent Valley Park is known for many highly endangered species such as lion-tailed macaque, tiger, gaur, leopard, wild boar, panther, Indian Civet and Sambhar.
✅Among the 488 species of odonates found in India, the Western Ghats are home to 193.
Join👉 @upsc_environment_notes
#River_India
CAUVERY RIVER
▪️ Sacred river of South, aka Ganges of South.
▪️ Rises at Talakaveri on the Brahmagiri Range, on the Coorg district of Karnataka.
▪️ States - T. Nadu, Karnataka, Kerala, Poducherry.
▪️ Tributaries :-
• Left bank - Harangi, Hemavati, Shimsha and Arkavati.
• Right bank - Lakshmantirtha, Kabbani, Suvarnavati, Bhavani, Noyil, Amaravati.
▪️ Cauvery drains into Bay of Bengal.
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CAUVERY RIVER
▪️ Sacred river of South, aka Ganges of South.
▪️ Rises at Talakaveri on the Brahmagiri Range, on the Coorg district of Karnataka.
▪️ States - T. Nadu, Karnataka, Kerala, Poducherry.
▪️ Tributaries :-
• Left bank - Harangi, Hemavati, Shimsha and Arkavati.
• Right bank - Lakshmantirtha, Kabbani, Suvarnavati, Bhavani, Noyil, Amaravati.
▪️ Cauvery drains into Bay of Bengal.
Join👉 @upsc_map
🔆Parasnath Hills
✅Eastern end of chotangapur plateau
✅Giridih district, Jharkhand
✅Named after Lord parashvanath, 23rd Tirthankara (Jainism)
✅Highest point in Jharkhand
✅Jains worship the temple situated here called as sammed shikhar
✅ Santhals worships hill calling it Marang buru( hill deity)
Values addition Jain in news
Some keywords and fact
✅Sallekhana- voluntary fast till death
✅Chandragupta maurya embrace Jainism and died by this method
✅pratikarman - repent for sins
Agr option m Sutra typ koi literature ho to 80% chnc ki jain s hoga
✅anuvrata - vow for lay follower
✅mahavrata - vow by monk
✅Sutrakritanga - golden book Or Jainism
✅kaivalya - supreme knowledge ( mahiva attain kaivalya near river rijupalika in muzaffarpur bihar)
Join👉 @upsc_map
✅Eastern end of chotangapur plateau
✅Giridih district, Jharkhand
✅Named after Lord parashvanath, 23rd Tirthankara (Jainism)
✅Highest point in Jharkhand
✅Jains worship the temple situated here called as sammed shikhar
✅ Santhals worships hill calling it Marang buru( hill deity)
Values addition Jain in news
Some keywords and fact
✅Sallekhana- voluntary fast till death
✅Chandragupta maurya embrace Jainism and died by this method
✅pratikarman - repent for sins
Agr option m Sutra typ koi literature ho to 80% chnc ki jain s hoga
✅anuvrata - vow for lay follower
✅mahavrata - vow by monk
✅Sutrakritanga - golden book Or Jainism
✅kaivalya - supreme knowledge ( mahiva attain kaivalya near river rijupalika in muzaffarpur bihar)
Join👉 @upsc_map