Forwarded from UPSC Prelims Notes MCQs Quiz
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Forwarded from UPSC Prelims Notes MCQs Quiz
*10 Key Constitutional Amendments*
1. *1st Amendment Act, 1951*
• Restricted freedom of speech (Art. 19)
• Enabled land reforms, added 9th Schedule
2. *42nd Amendment Act, 1976 (Mini-Constitution)*
• Added “Socialist, Secular” to Preamble
• Curtailed judicial review, strengthened Centre
• During The Emergency
3. *44th Amendment Act, 1978*
• Reversed excesses of 42nd Amendment
• Restored Fundamental Rights protection
• Made Right to Property a legal (not fundamental) right
4. *52nd Amendment Act, 1985*
• Introduced Anti-Defection Law
• Added 10th Schedule
5. *61st Amendment Act, 1988*
• Reduced voting age from 21 → 18
6. *73rd & 74th Amendments, 1992*
• Gave constitutional status to Panchayats & Municipalities
• Strengthened local self-government
• Inspired by Mahatma Gandhi’s vision
7. *86th Amendment Act, 2002*
• Made Right to Education (6–14 years) a Fundamental Right (Art. 21A)
8. *99th Amendment Act, 2014*
• Created NJAC for judicial appointments
• Struck down by SC (violated Basic Structure)
9. *101st Amendment Act, 2016*
• Introduced GST (Goods & Services Tax)
• Created “One Nation, One Tax”
10. *103rd Amendment Act, 2019*
• Introduced 10% EWS reservation
• Based on economic criteria
1. *1st Amendment Act, 1951*
• Restricted freedom of speech (Art. 19)
• Enabled land reforms, added 9th Schedule
2. *42nd Amendment Act, 1976 (Mini-Constitution)*
• Added “Socialist, Secular” to Preamble
• Curtailed judicial review, strengthened Centre
• During The Emergency
3. *44th Amendment Act, 1978*
• Reversed excesses of 42nd Amendment
• Restored Fundamental Rights protection
• Made Right to Property a legal (not fundamental) right
4. *52nd Amendment Act, 1985*
• Introduced Anti-Defection Law
• Added 10th Schedule
5. *61st Amendment Act, 1988*
• Reduced voting age from 21 → 18
6. *73rd & 74th Amendments, 1992*
• Gave constitutional status to Panchayats & Municipalities
• Strengthened local self-government
• Inspired by Mahatma Gandhi’s vision
7. *86th Amendment Act, 2002*
• Made Right to Education (6–14 years) a Fundamental Right (Art. 21A)
8. *99th Amendment Act, 2014*
• Created NJAC for judicial appointments
• Struck down by SC (violated Basic Structure)
9. *101st Amendment Act, 2016*
• Introduced GST (Goods & Services Tax)
• Created “One Nation, One Tax”
10. *103rd Amendment Act, 2019*
• Introduced 10% EWS reservation
• Based on economic criteria
❤1
Forwarded from UPSC Prelims Notes MCQs Quiz
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Forwarded from UPSC Prelims Notes MCQs Quiz
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Forwarded from UPSC Prelims Notes MCQs Quiz
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No tukka. No guesswork. Only Only Logics & clarity....
This is Part of our TBT Course — more tests (Abhyaas + NEXT IAS Anubhav) coming soon!.
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Vision Abhyaas Test Logics Discussion | Part 1| Girish Sir UPSC Pre Score 148(6 Mains& 2 Interviews)
Master the right logic and approach for UPSC Prelims through this detailed discussion of Vision Aabhyas Test.
In this session, we focus not on rote tricks but on how toppers actually think while solving MCQs. Learn how to eliminate options, apply smart reasoning…
In this session, we focus not on rote tricks but on how toppers actually think while solving MCQs. Learn how to eliminate options, apply smart reasoning…
Forwarded from UPSC Prelims Notes MCQs Quiz
Vision Abhyaas decoded with pure logic 🧠🔥
By Girish Sir (148 in Prelims | 6 Mains | 2 Interviews)
No tukka. No guesswork. Only Only Logics & clarity....
This is Part of our TBT Course — more tests (Abhyaas + NEXT IAS Anubhav) coming soon!.
https://youtu.be/7v9XmaBdTuw
Course link - https://www.northstarias.com/courses/818259
By Girish Sir (148 in Prelims | 6 Mains | 2 Interviews)
No tukka. No guesswork. Only Only Logics & clarity....
This is Part of our TBT Course — more tests (Abhyaas + NEXT IAS Anubhav) coming soon!.
https://youtu.be/7v9XmaBdTuw
Course link - https://www.northstarias.com/courses/818259
YouTube
Vision Abhyaas Test Logics Discussion | Part 1| Girish Sir UPSC Pre Score 148(6 Mains& 2 Interviews)
Master the right logic and approach for UPSC Prelims through this detailed discussion of Vision Aabhyas Test.
In this session, we focus not on rote tricks but on how toppers actually think while solving MCQs. Learn how to eliminate options, apply smart reasoning…
In this session, we focus not on rote tricks but on how toppers actually think while solving MCQs. Learn how to eliminate options, apply smart reasoning…
Forwarded from UPSC Prelims Notes MCQs Quiz
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Forwarded from UPSC Prelims Notes MCQs Quiz
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Forwarded from UPSC Prelims Notes MCQs Quiz
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Forwarded from UPSC Prelims Notes MCQs Quiz
Dear Aspirants 🙏
This poll is important for your UPSC journey.
We want to solve the biggest gap in UPSC preparation currently aspirants are facing! 🎯
Your inputs will directly shape what we will build, along with improving our mains evaluation tool👆
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Forwarded from UPSC Prelims Notes MCQs Quiz
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Forwarded from UPSC Prelims Notes MCQs Quiz
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Celebrate the birth anniversary of Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, the architect of the Indian Constitution and a champion of social justice. On this special occasion of ...
Forwarded from UPSC Prelims Notes MCQs Quiz
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Forwarded from UPSC Prelims Notes MCQs Quiz
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Forwarded from UPSC Prelims Notes MCQs Quiz
*🛡️Major Wildlife Institutes*
♟️Indian Zoological Survey Centre – Kolkata
♟️Centre for Ecological Sciences – Bengaluru
♟️Indian Institute of Forest Management – Bhopal
♟️Govind Ballabh Pant Institute – Almora (Uttarakhand)
♟️Indian Forest College – Dehradun (Uttarakhand)
♟️Indian Forest Survey Centre – Dehradun (Uttarakhand)
♟️Indian Institute of Ecology and Environment – New Delhi
♟️Indian Forest Ranger College – Dehradun
♟️Indian Wildlife Research Institute – Dehradun
♟️Indian Zoological Survey Centre Kolkata
♟️Indian Wildlife Research Institute – Dehradun
♟️Indian Botanical Garden – Kolkata
♟️Salim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History (SACON) – Coimbatore (Tamil Nadu)
♟️National Environmental Research Institute – Nagpur
♟️Rainforest Research Institute – Jorhat
♟️Forest Genetics and Tree Breeding Institute - Coimbatore
♟️Forest Productivity Centre – Ranchi
♟️Central Avian Research Institute - Izzatnagar, Bareilly.
♟️Indian Zoological Survey Centre – Kolkata
♟️Centre for Ecological Sciences – Bengaluru
♟️Indian Institute of Forest Management – Bhopal
♟️Govind Ballabh Pant Institute – Almora (Uttarakhand)
♟️Indian Forest College – Dehradun (Uttarakhand)
♟️Indian Forest Survey Centre – Dehradun (Uttarakhand)
♟️Indian Institute of Ecology and Environment – New Delhi
♟️Indian Forest Ranger College – Dehradun
♟️Indian Wildlife Research Institute – Dehradun
♟️Indian Zoological Survey Centre Kolkata
♟️Indian Wildlife Research Institute – Dehradun
♟️Indian Botanical Garden – Kolkata
♟️Salim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History (SACON) – Coimbatore (Tamil Nadu)
♟️National Environmental Research Institute – Nagpur
♟️Rainforest Research Institute – Jorhat
♟️Forest Genetics and Tree Breeding Institute - Coimbatore
♟️Forest Productivity Centre – Ranchi
♟️Central Avian Research Institute - Izzatnagar, Bareilly.
Forwarded from UPSC Prelims Notes MCQs Quiz
*🛡️Tricks to remember important Vanilla Countries in Indian Ocean*
*💎Trick:- MalSy Gone Mad at MauRya*
*♟️Mal = Mayotte*
*♟️Sy = Seychelles*
*♟️Gone = cone =Comoros*
*♟️Mad = Madagascar*
*♟️Mau = Mauritius*
*♟️Rya = Reunion island*
*♟️Maldives is no more member of Vanilla Islands.*
*💎Trick:- MalSy Gone Mad at MauRya*
*♟️Mal = Mayotte*
*♟️Sy = Seychelles*
*♟️Gone = cone =Comoros*
*♟️Mad = Madagascar*
*♟️Mau = Mauritius*
*♟️Rya = Reunion island*
*♟️Maldives is no more member of Vanilla Islands.*
Forwarded from UPSC Prelims Notes MCQs Quiz
*🛡️Smog-Eating Technology*
♟️A photocatalytic technology based primarily on Titanium Dioxide (TiO₂).
♟️Works through coatings applied on roads, pavements, buildings, etc. to neutralize air pollutants.
*💎How it Works?*
♟️TiO₂ acts as a photocatalyst when exposed to sunlight/UV light.
♟️Converts harmful gases like Nitrogen Dioxide (NO₂) & VOCs → into nitrates, CO₂ & water.
♟️Creates a “self-cleaning” effect, breaking down pollutants on contact.
*💎Benefits*
♟️Reduces harmful pollutants (NO₂, hydrocarbons).
♟️Improves public health by lowering toxic air exposure.
♟️Low-maintenance, works passively under sunlight.
♟️Can be integrated with existing urban infrastructure without major disruption.
*💎Challenges*
♟️Needs scientific validation under Indian/local conditions.
♟️Cost-effectiveness of large-scale application still debated.
♟️Concerns about long-term durability of coatings & safe disposal of residues.
♟️A photocatalytic technology based primarily on Titanium Dioxide (TiO₂).
♟️Works through coatings applied on roads, pavements, buildings, etc. to neutralize air pollutants.
*💎How it Works?*
♟️TiO₂ acts as a photocatalyst when exposed to sunlight/UV light.
♟️Converts harmful gases like Nitrogen Dioxide (NO₂) & VOCs → into nitrates, CO₂ & water.
♟️Creates a “self-cleaning” effect, breaking down pollutants on contact.
*💎Benefits*
♟️Reduces harmful pollutants (NO₂, hydrocarbons).
♟️Improves public health by lowering toxic air exposure.
♟️Low-maintenance, works passively under sunlight.
♟️Can be integrated with existing urban infrastructure without major disruption.
*💎Challenges*
♟️Needs scientific validation under Indian/local conditions.
♟️Cost-effectiveness of large-scale application still debated.
♟️Concerns about long-term durability of coatings & safe disposal of residues.
Forwarded from UPSC Prelims Notes MCQs Quiz
*🛡️Mahi River*
♟️The Mahi basin extends over states of Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan and Gujarat having total area of 34,842 Sq km.
♟️It is bounded by Aravalli hills on the north and the north-west, by Malwa Plateau on the east, by the Vindhyas on the south and by the Gulf of Khambhat on the west.
♟️Mahi is one of the major interstate west flowing rivers of India.
♟️It originates from the northern slopes of Vindhyas at an altitude of 500 m in Dhar district of Madhya Pradesh.
♟️The total length of Mahi is 583 km.
♟️It drains into the Arabian Sea through the Gulf of Khambhat.
♟️The major part of basin is covered with agricultural land accounting to 63.63% of the total area
♟️Hydro Power stations are located in Mahi Bajaj Sagar dam and at Kadana Dam.
♟️Vadodara is the only important urban centre in the basin. There are not many industries in the basin.
♟️Some of the industries are cotton textile, paper, newsprint, drugs and pharmaceuticals. Most of these industries are located at Tatlam.
♟️The Mahi basin extends over states of Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan and Gujarat having total area of 34,842 Sq km.
♟️It is bounded by Aravalli hills on the north and the north-west, by Malwa Plateau on the east, by the Vindhyas on the south and by the Gulf of Khambhat on the west.
♟️Mahi is one of the major interstate west flowing rivers of India.
♟️It originates from the northern slopes of Vindhyas at an altitude of 500 m in Dhar district of Madhya Pradesh.
♟️The total length of Mahi is 583 km.
♟️It drains into the Arabian Sea through the Gulf of Khambhat.
♟️The major part of basin is covered with agricultural land accounting to 63.63% of the total area
♟️Hydro Power stations are located in Mahi Bajaj Sagar dam and at Kadana Dam.
♟️Vadodara is the only important urban centre in the basin. There are not many industries in the basin.
♟️Some of the industries are cotton textile, paper, newsprint, drugs and pharmaceuticals. Most of these industries are located at Tatlam.