#SargassoSea is a region of the Atlantic Ocean bounded by 4 ocean currents forming an ocean gyre.
1) Gulf Stream on the west
2) North Atlantic Drift on the north
3) Canary Current on the east
4) North Atlantic Equatorial Current on the south
Unlike all other seas, it has no land boundaries. It is the only sea in the world which has no coast. It is distinguished from other parts of the Atlantic Ocean by its characteristic brown seaweed called Sargassum and often calm blue water.
Sargasso Sea is famous for its floating seaweed that covers large swathes of ocean. But it also boasts an astounding wealth of biodiversity that has earned it the nickname "The Floating Rainforest of the Sea."
The four ocean currents together forming a clockwise-circulating system of ocean currents termed the North Atlantic Gyre. Bermuda is near the western fringes of the sea.
The four ocean currents deposit the marine plants and refuse which they are carrying into this sea, yet the ocean water in the Sargasso Sea is distinctive for its deep blue color and exceptional clarity, with underwater visibility of up to 61m
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1) Gulf Stream on the west
2) North Atlantic Drift on the north
3) Canary Current on the east
4) North Atlantic Equatorial Current on the south
Unlike all other seas, it has no land boundaries. It is the only sea in the world which has no coast. It is distinguished from other parts of the Atlantic Ocean by its characteristic brown seaweed called Sargassum and often calm blue water.
Sargasso Sea is famous for its floating seaweed that covers large swathes of ocean. But it also boasts an astounding wealth of biodiversity that has earned it the nickname "The Floating Rainforest of the Sea."
The four ocean currents together forming a clockwise-circulating system of ocean currents termed the North Atlantic Gyre. Bermuda is near the western fringes of the sea.
The four ocean currents deposit the marine plants and refuse which they are carrying into this sea, yet the ocean water in the Sargasso Sea is distinctive for its deep blue color and exceptional clarity, with underwater visibility of up to 61m
https://t.me/UPSCPrelimsZone
π1
List of countries by length of coastline
1) Canada's coastline is world's longest, measuring 202,080 km (includes the mainland coast and the coasts of offshore islands)
2) Indonesia (99,083 km)
3) Norway (58,133 km)
4) Greenland* (44,087 km)
5) Russia (37,653 km)
6) Philippines (36,289 km)
7) Japan (29,751 km)
8) Australia (25,760 km)
9) United States (19,924 km)
10) Antarctica* (17,968 km)
11) New Zealand (15, 134 km)
12) China (14,500 km)
13) Greece (13,676 km)
14) United Kingdom (12,429 km)
15) Mexico (9330 km)
16) Italy (7782 km)
17) India (7516km)
1) Canada's coastline is world's longest, measuring 202,080 km (includes the mainland coast and the coasts of offshore islands)
2) Indonesia (99,083 km)
3) Norway (58,133 km)
4) Greenland* (44,087 km)
5) Russia (37,653 km)
6) Philippines (36,289 km)
7) Japan (29,751 km)
8) Australia (25,760 km)
9) United States (19,924 km)
10) Antarctica* (17,968 km)
11) New Zealand (15, 134 km)
12) China (14,500 km)
13) Greece (13,676 km)
14) United Kingdom (12,429 km)
15) Mexico (9330 km)
16) Italy (7782 km)
17) India (7516km)
π2
Open_PDF_DB (13).pdf
4.8 MB
#UP ΰ€²ΰ₯ΰ€ΰ€ͺΰ€Ύΰ€² ΰ€ΰ₯ 8085 ΰ€ͺΰ€¦ΰ₯ΰ€ ΰ€ͺΰ€° ΰ€΅ΰ€Ώΰ€ΰ₯ΰ€ΰ€Ύΰ€ͺΰ€¨ #UPSSSC https://t.me/UPSCPrelimsZone
Pulicat Lagoon is the second largest brackish water lagoon in India, after Chilika Lake.
The lake encompasses the Pulicat Lake Bird Sanctuary.
Flamingo festival is an annual festival held in the Pulicat Lake.
The lake encompasses the Pulicat Lake Bird Sanctuary.
Flamingo festival is an annual festival held in the Pulicat Lake.
Biomethanation is a process by which organic material is microbiologically converted under anaerobic conditions to biogas.
βΎοΈ Three main physiological groups of microorganisms are involved: fermenting bacteria, organic acid oxidizing bacteria, and methanogenic archaea.
βΎοΈ Biomethanation has strong potential for the production of energy from organic residues and wastes.
βΎοΈ It will help to reduce the use of fossil fuels and thus reduce CO(2) emission.
Join @UPSCPrelimsBaba
βΎοΈ Three main physiological groups of microorganisms are involved: fermenting bacteria, organic acid oxidizing bacteria, and methanogenic archaea.
βΎοΈ Biomethanation has strong potential for the production of energy from organic residues and wastes.
βΎοΈ It will help to reduce the use of fossil fuels and thus reduce CO(2) emission.
Join @UPSCPrelimsBaba
Biofertilzier is a substance containing living microorganisms.
It can be applied to seed, plant surfaces, or soil.
Biofertilizer improves the supply of primary nutrients like nitrogen, Phosphorous etc. to the host plant, and thereby promotes its growth.
https://t.me/UPSCPrelimsZone
It can be applied to seed, plant surfaces, or soil.
Biofertilizer improves the supply of primary nutrients like nitrogen, Phosphorous etc. to the host plant, and thereby promotes its growth.
https://t.me/UPSCPrelimsZone
β
Indiaβs green cover has touched nearly one-fourth of its geographical area with "forests" and "trees outside recorded forest areas" put together recording an increase of 2,261 sq km (0.3%) in 2021 compared to the previous assessment in 2019, shows the latest India State of Forest Report (ISFR 2021).
Katkari
βΎοΈ Katkari is one of the 75 Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups.
βΎοΈKatkaris were historically forest dwellers. They are located
primarily in Raigad and in parts of Palghar, Ratnagiri and Thane districts as well and in some places of Gujarat.
βΎοΈ The British administration had classified them under the Criminal Tribes Act, 1871.
βΎοΈ The name Katkari is derived from a forest-based activity β the
making and barter or sale of Katechu (kath) from the Khair tree (Acacia Katechu).
βΎοΈ It is produced by boiling wood from the Khair tree and evaporating the resulting brew.
βΎοΈ Katkari is one of the 75 Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups.
βΎοΈKatkaris were historically forest dwellers. They are located
primarily in Raigad and in parts of Palghar, Ratnagiri and Thane districts as well and in some places of Gujarat.
βΎοΈ The British administration had classified them under the Criminal Tribes Act, 1871.
βΎοΈ The name Katkari is derived from a forest-based activity β the
making and barter or sale of Katechu (kath) from the Khair tree (Acacia Katechu).
βΎοΈ It is produced by boiling wood from the Khair tree and evaporating the resulting brew.
π1
Pulicat Lagoon is the second largest brackish water lagoon in India, after Chilika Lake.
The lake encompasses the Pulicat Lake Bird Sanctuary.
Flamingo festival is an annual festival held in the Pulicat Lake.
https://t.me/UPSCPrelimsZone
The lake encompasses the Pulicat Lake Bird Sanctuary.
Flamingo festival is an annual festival held in the Pulicat Lake.
https://t.me/UPSCPrelimsZone
Biomethanation is a process by which organic material is microbiologically converted under anaerobic conditions to biogas.
βΎοΈ Three main physiological groups of microorganisms are involved: fermenting bacteria, organic acid oxidizing bacteria, and methanogenic archaea.
βΎοΈ Biomethanation has strong potential for the production of energy from organic residues and wastes.
βΎοΈ It will help to reduce the use of fossil fuels and thus reduce CO(2) emission.
Join @UPSCPrelimsBaba
βΎοΈ Three main physiological groups of microorganisms are involved: fermenting bacteria, organic acid oxidizing bacteria, and methanogenic archaea.
βΎοΈ Biomethanation has strong potential for the production of energy from organic residues and wastes.
βΎοΈ It will help to reduce the use of fossil fuels and thus reduce CO(2) emission.
Join @UPSCPrelimsBaba
π2
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π2π1
βͺοΈKuno National Park is located in the Sheopur district of Madhya Pradesh is spread over an area of 748.76 sq. km.
β Kuno River, one of the major tributaries of Chambal River flows through the entire length bisecting the National Park division. @upscprelimszone
β Kuno River, one of the major tributaries of Chambal River flows through the entire length bisecting the National Park division. @upscprelimszone
Cheetah, is one of the oldest of the big cat species and also the worldβs fastest land mammal.
β It is native to Africa and central Iran.
β Asiatic cheetah which is now found only Iran, is classified as a critically endangered species in the IUCN Red List.
β While the African cheetah is classified as a vulnerable species in the IUCN red list.
β African cheetah is bigger in size as compared to Asiatic cheetah.
β In India last spotted cheetah died in Chhattisgarh in 1947 and it was declared extinct in the country in 1952
β It is native to Africa and central Iran.
β Asiatic cheetah which is now found only Iran, is classified as a critically endangered species in the IUCN Red List.
β While the African cheetah is classified as a vulnerable species in the IUCN red list.
β African cheetah is bigger in size as compared to Asiatic cheetah.
β In India last spotted cheetah died in Chhattisgarh in 1947 and it was declared extinct in the country in 1952
LIST OF IMPORTANT MOUNTAIN PASSES IN INDIA
1. Dungri La Pass - The Dungri la pass or Mana Pass is the high altitude mountain pass and is located in the Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve of the Zanskar mountain range in the Uttarakhand. It connects India and Tibet.
2. Chang La Pass - Chang La Pass is situated at an elevation of over 5300 m and is one of the highest motorable road in the world which connects Indus Valley to Pangong Lake region. Changtang plateau is known for its high altitude giant lakes and vast highlands of great Himalayas.
3. Debsa Pass - Debsa Pass is situated at an elevation of over 5360 m in the Himalayas. It is a high mountain pass in Greater Himalayas and connects the Kullu and Spiti districts of Himachal Pradesh. Spiti Valley is a desert mountain land between Tibet and India.
4. Karakoram Pass - The Karakoram Pass is situated at an elevation of 4,693 m between India and China in the Karakoram Range. The Karakoram Pass is the oldest route between Leh and Yarkant and is the tallest pass of the Karakoram Mountain Range. The Siachen Glacier is situated in the eastern Karakoram range.
5. Sela Pass - The frozen Sela Pass is situated at an elevation of 4,170 m in Tawang District of Arunachal Pradesh. Sela Pass connects Tawang to rest of India through Tezpur and Guwahati. It receives heavy snowfall in winter but remain opens throughout the year. It is the only Gateway to the Tawang and Buddhist Tawang Monastery.
6. Khardung La Pass - Khardung La Pass Bomdi La 5,800 m. Khardung La Pass is the highest motorable pass and one of the highest motorable road in the country. Khardung La pass is located near Leh in Ladakh region of Jammu and Kashmir.
7. Banihal Pass (Jawahar Tunnel) - Banihal Pass is situated at an elevation of 2,850 m in the Pir-Panjal Range. Banihal Pass connects Jammu with Srinagar. The pass remains covered with snow during the winter season. The Jawahar Tunnel was inaugurated in 1956.
8. Bomdi La Pass - Bomdi La is situated at an elevation of 2600 m to the east of Bhutan in the Greater Himalayas in Arunachal Pradesh. It connects Arunachal Pradesh with Lhasa, Tibet.
9. Diphu Pass - Diphu Pass is situated at an elevation of 4,587 m. Diphu Pass is a mountain pass at the tri-point of the borders of India, China, and Burma. It is a traditional pass between India and Myanmar which remains open throughout the year for transportation and trade. Diphu Pass is also a strategic approach to eastern Assam.
10. Khunjerab Pass - Khunjerab Pass is situated at an elevation of 4,693 m. is a high mountain pass in the Karakoram Mountains in a strategic position on the northern border of Pakistan's GilgitβBaltistan Hunza - Nagar District on the southwest border of the Xinjiang region of China.
11. Jelep La Pass - Jelep La Pass is situated at an elevation of 4,267 m. This pass connects Sikkim with Lhasa, Tibet.
12. Lipu-Lekh Pass - Lipu-Lekh Pass is situated at an elevation of 5,340 m. It connects the Kumaon region of Uttarakhand in the Pithoragarh district in India with Tibet.
13. Nathu La Pass - Nathu La Pass is a mountain pass in the Himalayas and is situated at an elevation of 4,310 m. It connects Sikkim (India) with China. It is one of the three open trading border posts between India and China, the other two are Shipkila in Himachal Pradesh and Lipulekh in Uttarakhand.
14. Pir-Panjal Pass - is a high mountain pass on the eastern Pir Panjal Range of the Himalayas around 51 km from Manali. It connects the Kullu Valley with the Lahaul and Spiti Valleys of Himachal Pradesh, India. Manali-Leh Highway, a part of NH 21, transverses Rohtang Pass.
15. Shipki La Pass - is a mountain pass and border post on the India-Tibet border. It is located in Kinnaur district in the state of Himachal Pradesh, India, and Tibet Autonomous Region in People's Republic of China. Sutlej river enters India (from Tibet) through this pass. It is an offshoot of the ancient Silk Road. It is a border post for trade with China.
16.Zoji La is situated at an elevation of 3,950 m. It connects Srinagar @upscprelimszone
1. Dungri La Pass - The Dungri la pass or Mana Pass is the high altitude mountain pass and is located in the Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve of the Zanskar mountain range in the Uttarakhand. It connects India and Tibet.
2. Chang La Pass - Chang La Pass is situated at an elevation of over 5300 m and is one of the highest motorable road in the world which connects Indus Valley to Pangong Lake region. Changtang plateau is known for its high altitude giant lakes and vast highlands of great Himalayas.
3. Debsa Pass - Debsa Pass is situated at an elevation of over 5360 m in the Himalayas. It is a high mountain pass in Greater Himalayas and connects the Kullu and Spiti districts of Himachal Pradesh. Spiti Valley is a desert mountain land between Tibet and India.
4. Karakoram Pass - The Karakoram Pass is situated at an elevation of 4,693 m between India and China in the Karakoram Range. The Karakoram Pass is the oldest route between Leh and Yarkant and is the tallest pass of the Karakoram Mountain Range. The Siachen Glacier is situated in the eastern Karakoram range.
5. Sela Pass - The frozen Sela Pass is situated at an elevation of 4,170 m in Tawang District of Arunachal Pradesh. Sela Pass connects Tawang to rest of India through Tezpur and Guwahati. It receives heavy snowfall in winter but remain opens throughout the year. It is the only Gateway to the Tawang and Buddhist Tawang Monastery.
6. Khardung La Pass - Khardung La Pass Bomdi La 5,800 m. Khardung La Pass is the highest motorable pass and one of the highest motorable road in the country. Khardung La pass is located near Leh in Ladakh region of Jammu and Kashmir.
7. Banihal Pass (Jawahar Tunnel) - Banihal Pass is situated at an elevation of 2,850 m in the Pir-Panjal Range. Banihal Pass connects Jammu with Srinagar. The pass remains covered with snow during the winter season. The Jawahar Tunnel was inaugurated in 1956.
8. Bomdi La Pass - Bomdi La is situated at an elevation of 2600 m to the east of Bhutan in the Greater Himalayas in Arunachal Pradesh. It connects Arunachal Pradesh with Lhasa, Tibet.
9. Diphu Pass - Diphu Pass is situated at an elevation of 4,587 m. Diphu Pass is a mountain pass at the tri-point of the borders of India, China, and Burma. It is a traditional pass between India and Myanmar which remains open throughout the year for transportation and trade. Diphu Pass is also a strategic approach to eastern Assam.
10. Khunjerab Pass - Khunjerab Pass is situated at an elevation of 4,693 m. is a high mountain pass in the Karakoram Mountains in a strategic position on the northern border of Pakistan's GilgitβBaltistan Hunza - Nagar District on the southwest border of the Xinjiang region of China.
11. Jelep La Pass - Jelep La Pass is situated at an elevation of 4,267 m. This pass connects Sikkim with Lhasa, Tibet.
12. Lipu-Lekh Pass - Lipu-Lekh Pass is situated at an elevation of 5,340 m. It connects the Kumaon region of Uttarakhand in the Pithoragarh district in India with Tibet.
13. Nathu La Pass - Nathu La Pass is a mountain pass in the Himalayas and is situated at an elevation of 4,310 m. It connects Sikkim (India) with China. It is one of the three open trading border posts between India and China, the other two are Shipkila in Himachal Pradesh and Lipulekh in Uttarakhand.
14. Pir-Panjal Pass - is a high mountain pass on the eastern Pir Panjal Range of the Himalayas around 51 km from Manali. It connects the Kullu Valley with the Lahaul and Spiti Valleys of Himachal Pradesh, India. Manali-Leh Highway, a part of NH 21, transverses Rohtang Pass.
15. Shipki La Pass - is a mountain pass and border post on the India-Tibet border. It is located in Kinnaur district in the state of Himachal Pradesh, India, and Tibet Autonomous Region in People's Republic of China. Sutlej river enters India (from Tibet) through this pass. It is an offshoot of the ancient Silk Road. It is a border post for trade with China.
16.Zoji La is situated at an elevation of 3,950 m. It connects Srinagar @upscprelimszone
SATELLiTE LAUNChING SATaTIONS iN INDIA
~~~~~~~~~~~~~β’β’β’β’β’β’β’~~~~~~~~~~~~~
1. ISRO Satellite centre - Bangalore
2. Satish Dhawan Space Centre - Sri Hari Kota, AP
3. Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre - Thiruvanathapuram
4. Thumba Equatorial Rocket Launching - Thiruvanathapuram
5. Space Applications Centre(SAC) - Ahemdabad
6. Indian Deep Space Network(IDSN)- Bengalure
7. Integrated Test Range ( ITR) - Wheeler's Island (Chandipur), Odisha.
[Note: Wheeler's Island change to APJ Abdul Kalam Island]
~~~~~~~~~~~~~β’β’β’β’β’β’β’~~~~~~~~~~~~~
1. ISRO Satellite centre - Bangalore
2. Satish Dhawan Space Centre - Sri Hari Kota, AP
3. Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre - Thiruvanathapuram
4. Thumba Equatorial Rocket Launching - Thiruvanathapuram
5. Space Applications Centre(SAC) - Ahemdabad
6. Indian Deep Space Network(IDSN)- Bengalure
7. Integrated Test Range ( ITR) - Wheeler's Island (Chandipur), Odisha.
[Note: Wheeler's Island change to APJ Abdul Kalam Island]
Important Local Winds of the World
Cold Winds
1. Mistral- Blows in Spain & France from N-W to S-E. Common during winter
2. Bora- Blows along the shores of the Adriatic sea.
3. Blizzard -Snow laden wind in canada.
4. Purga- Snow laden wind in Russian tundra. Much like Buran.
5. Bise- An extremely cold wind in France
6. Levanter- Blows in strait of Gibraltar between Spain & Morocco.
7. Pampero- Pampas of S. America
8. Papagayo -Costa Rica, Mexico, Nicaragua.
9. Haboob- Sudan
10. Friagem- Amazon Valley
11. Buran -Eastern Russia & central Siberia
12. Norther- Texas, Gulf of Mexico & western carribean
13. Etesian- Eastern Mediterranean.
14. Surazo -Cold wind blowing from Argentinean pampas & Patagonia.
15. Norte -A strong cold northeasterly wind which blows in Mexico.
16. Tehuantepecer -This is a violent, squally wind from north or north-east in S. Mexico.
Hot winds
1. Fohn -Warm & dry local winds blowing on leeward side of Alps in Switzerland.
2. Chinook- Warm & dry local winds blowing on leeward side of Rockies in USA
3. Harmattan -Blowing from east & northeast towards west in Sahara
4. Brickfielder -Victoria province of Australia
5. Black Roller- Great plains of USA
6. Shamal- Mesopotamia & Persian Gulf
7. Norwester- New Zealand
8. Sirocco -From Sahara over Mediterranean. Known as khamsin in Egypt, Chili in Tunisia, Gibli in Libya, Levech in Spain & Leste in Madiera & Morocco.
9. Simoom -Warm & dry dusty wind in the Arabian desert
10. Santa Ana- S. California β blowing out of Santa Ana canyon
11. Yamo -A warm & dry wind in Japan
12. Zonda -A warm & dry wind of the Andean valleys in Argentina
13. Tramontane -A warm wind of central Europe.
14. Samun -Warm wind in Iran
15. Karaburan -Hot dusty wind in central Asia β Tarim basin, Mongolia.
16. Berg- A hot dry wind blowing from interior in South Africa.
17. Shamal -A hot wind of Iraq and the Persian gulf
18. Austru -Dry blows from the lee side of the mountains in Romania (much like fohn).
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Cold Winds
1. Mistral- Blows in Spain & France from N-W to S-E. Common during winter
2. Bora- Blows along the shores of the Adriatic sea.
3. Blizzard -Snow laden wind in canada.
4. Purga- Snow laden wind in Russian tundra. Much like Buran.
5. Bise- An extremely cold wind in France
6. Levanter- Blows in strait of Gibraltar between Spain & Morocco.
7. Pampero- Pampas of S. America
8. Papagayo -Costa Rica, Mexico, Nicaragua.
9. Haboob- Sudan
10. Friagem- Amazon Valley
11. Buran -Eastern Russia & central Siberia
12. Norther- Texas, Gulf of Mexico & western carribean
13. Etesian- Eastern Mediterranean.
14. Surazo -Cold wind blowing from Argentinean pampas & Patagonia.
15. Norte -A strong cold northeasterly wind which blows in Mexico.
16. Tehuantepecer -This is a violent, squally wind from north or north-east in S. Mexico.
Hot winds
1. Fohn -Warm & dry local winds blowing on leeward side of Alps in Switzerland.
2. Chinook- Warm & dry local winds blowing on leeward side of Rockies in USA
3. Harmattan -Blowing from east & northeast towards west in Sahara
4. Brickfielder -Victoria province of Australia
5. Black Roller- Great plains of USA
6. Shamal- Mesopotamia & Persian Gulf
7. Norwester- New Zealand
8. Sirocco -From Sahara over Mediterranean. Known as khamsin in Egypt, Chili in Tunisia, Gibli in Libya, Levech in Spain & Leste in Madiera & Morocco.
9. Simoom -Warm & dry dusty wind in the Arabian desert
10. Santa Ana- S. California β blowing out of Santa Ana canyon
11. Yamo -A warm & dry wind in Japan
12. Zonda -A warm & dry wind of the Andean valleys in Argentina
13. Tramontane -A warm wind of central Europe.
14. Samun -Warm wind in Iran
15. Karaburan -Hot dusty wind in central Asia β Tarim basin, Mongolia.
16. Berg- A hot dry wind blowing from interior in South Africa.
17. Shamal -A hot wind of Iraq and the Persian gulf
18. Austru -Dry blows from the lee side of the mountains in Romania (much like fohn).
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πΉWetlands in IndiaπΉ
ββββββ
01. Ashtamudi Wetland (614 km2)πΈKeralaπΈAugust 2002 βπΈA natural backwater in Kollam district.
02. Vembanad-Kol Wetland (1512.5 km2)πΈKeralaπΈAugust 2002πΈLargest lake of Kerala, spanning across Alappuzha, Kottayam , and Ernakulam districts.
03. Point Calimere Wildlife and Bird Sanctuary (385 km2)βπΈTamil Nadu βπΈAugust 2002βπΈOne of the last remnants of Dry Evergreen Forests.
04. Bhoj Wetland (32 km2)πΈMadhya PradeshπΈAugust 2002πΈThe Bhoj Wetland consists of two lakes β the Bhojtal & the Lower Lake.
05. Chandra Taal (49 km2)πΈHimachal PradeshπΈNovember 2005πΈA high altitude lake on the upper Chandra valley.
06. Chilika Lake (1165 km2)πΈOdishaπΈOctober 1981πΈChilka Lake (Chilika Lake) is a brackish water lagoon. Largest coastal lagoon in India & the second largest lagoon in the world.
07. Deepor Beel (40 km2)πΈAssamπΈAugust 2002πΈPermanent freshwater lake in a former channel of the Brahmaputra river.
08. East Kolkata Wetlands (125 km2)πΈWest Bengal πΈAugust 2002πΈWorld-renowned as a model of a multiple use wetland.
09. Harike Wetland (41 km2)βπΈPunjabβπΈMarch 1990β πΈAn important site for breeding, wintering and staging birds.
10. Hokera Wetland (13.75 km2)βπΈJammu & Kashmirβ πΈNovember 2005βπΈLocated in the northwest Himalayan biogeographic province of Kashmir, back of the snow-draped Pir Panchal.
11. Kanjli Wetland (1.83 km2)βπΈPunjabβπΈJanuary 2002βπΈThe stream is considered to be the most significant in the state from the religious point of view, as it is associated with the first guru of the Sikhs, Shri Guru Nanak Dev Ji.
12. Keoladeo National Park (28.73 km2)βπΈRajasthanβ πΈOctober 1981βπΈPlaced on the Montreux Record in 1990 due to βwater shortage & an unbalanced grazing regimeβ.
13. Kolleru Lake (901 km2)βπΈAndhra PradeshβπΈAugust 2002βπΈBird sanctuary
14. Loktak Lake (266 km2)βπΈManipurβπΈ March 1990β πΈLoktak Lake is the largest freshwater lake in the north-eastern region of the country. Placed on the Montreux Record.
15. Nalsarovar Bird Sanctuary (123 km2)βπΈGujaratβ πΈSeptember 2012βπΈA natural freshwater lake (a relict sea) that is the largest natural wetland in the Thar Desert Biogeographic Province.
16. Pong Dam Lake (156.62 km2)βπΈHimachal Pradeshβ πΈAugust 2002βπΈA water storage reservoir created in 1975 on the Beas River in the low foothills of the Himalaya on the northern edge of the Indo-Gangetic plain.
17. Renuka Lake (2 km2)βπΈHimachal PradeshβπΈNovember 2005βπΈA natural wetland with freshwater springs and inland subterranean karst formations, fed by a small stream flowing from the lower Himalayan out to the Giri river.
18. Ropar Wetland (13.65 km2)βπΈPunjabβπΈJanuary 2002πΈA human made wetland of lake and river formed by the 1952 construction of a barrage for diversion of water from the Sutlej River for drinking and irrigation supplies.
19. Rudrasagar Lake (2.4 km2)πΈTripuraβπΈNovember 2005βπΈAlso known as Rudijala. Potential important bird area and attracts a large number of waterfowl in winter.
20. Sambhar Lake (240 km2)βπΈRajasthanβπΈMarch 1990βπΈIndiaβs largest inland salt lake.
21. Sasthamkotta Lake (3.73 km2)βKeralaβAugust 2002β Largest freshwater lake in Kerala, situated in Kollam district.
22. Surinsar-Mansar Lakes (3.5 km2)βJammu & Kashmirβ Nov 2005 The lake supports CITES & IUCN Redlisted Lissemys punctata, Aspideretes gangeticus & Mansariella lacustris.
23. Tsomoriri (120 km2)βπΈJammu & Kashmir β πΈAugust 2002βπΈA freshwater to brackish lake lying at 4,595 m above sea level, with wet meadows and borax-laden wetlands along the shores.
24. Upper Ganga River (Brijghat to Narora Stretch) (265.9 km2)βπΈUttar PradeshβπΈNovember 2005βπΈThe river provides habitat for IUCN Red listed Ganges River Dolphin, Gharial, Crocodile, 6 species of turtles, otters, 82 species of fish & more than hundred species of birds.
25. Wular Lake (189 km2)πΈJammu & KashmirπΈMarch 1990πΈThe largest freshwater lake in India.
26. Bhitarkanika Mangroves (650 km2)πΈOdisha Aug 2002πΈ It is famousfor its salt water crocodiles and Olive ridley sea turtle
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01. Ashtamudi Wetland (614 km2)πΈKeralaπΈAugust 2002 βπΈA natural backwater in Kollam district.
02. Vembanad-Kol Wetland (1512.5 km2)πΈKeralaπΈAugust 2002πΈLargest lake of Kerala, spanning across Alappuzha, Kottayam , and Ernakulam districts.
03. Point Calimere Wildlife and Bird Sanctuary (385 km2)βπΈTamil Nadu βπΈAugust 2002βπΈOne of the last remnants of Dry Evergreen Forests.
04. Bhoj Wetland (32 km2)πΈMadhya PradeshπΈAugust 2002πΈThe Bhoj Wetland consists of two lakes β the Bhojtal & the Lower Lake.
05. Chandra Taal (49 km2)πΈHimachal PradeshπΈNovember 2005πΈA high altitude lake on the upper Chandra valley.
06. Chilika Lake (1165 km2)πΈOdishaπΈOctober 1981πΈChilka Lake (Chilika Lake) is a brackish water lagoon. Largest coastal lagoon in India & the second largest lagoon in the world.
07. Deepor Beel (40 km2)πΈAssamπΈAugust 2002πΈPermanent freshwater lake in a former channel of the Brahmaputra river.
08. East Kolkata Wetlands (125 km2)πΈWest Bengal πΈAugust 2002πΈWorld-renowned as a model of a multiple use wetland.
09. Harike Wetland (41 km2)βπΈPunjabβπΈMarch 1990β πΈAn important site for breeding, wintering and staging birds.
10. Hokera Wetland (13.75 km2)βπΈJammu & Kashmirβ πΈNovember 2005βπΈLocated in the northwest Himalayan biogeographic province of Kashmir, back of the snow-draped Pir Panchal.
11. Kanjli Wetland (1.83 km2)βπΈPunjabβπΈJanuary 2002βπΈThe stream is considered to be the most significant in the state from the religious point of view, as it is associated with the first guru of the Sikhs, Shri Guru Nanak Dev Ji.
12. Keoladeo National Park (28.73 km2)βπΈRajasthanβ πΈOctober 1981βπΈPlaced on the Montreux Record in 1990 due to βwater shortage & an unbalanced grazing regimeβ.
13. Kolleru Lake (901 km2)βπΈAndhra PradeshβπΈAugust 2002βπΈBird sanctuary
14. Loktak Lake (266 km2)βπΈManipurβπΈ March 1990β πΈLoktak Lake is the largest freshwater lake in the north-eastern region of the country. Placed on the Montreux Record.
15. Nalsarovar Bird Sanctuary (123 km2)βπΈGujaratβ πΈSeptember 2012βπΈA natural freshwater lake (a relict sea) that is the largest natural wetland in the Thar Desert Biogeographic Province.
16. Pong Dam Lake (156.62 km2)βπΈHimachal Pradeshβ πΈAugust 2002βπΈA water storage reservoir created in 1975 on the Beas River in the low foothills of the Himalaya on the northern edge of the Indo-Gangetic plain.
17. Renuka Lake (2 km2)βπΈHimachal PradeshβπΈNovember 2005βπΈA natural wetland with freshwater springs and inland subterranean karst formations, fed by a small stream flowing from the lower Himalayan out to the Giri river.
18. Ropar Wetland (13.65 km2)βπΈPunjabβπΈJanuary 2002πΈA human made wetland of lake and river formed by the 1952 construction of a barrage for diversion of water from the Sutlej River for drinking and irrigation supplies.
19. Rudrasagar Lake (2.4 km2)πΈTripuraβπΈNovember 2005βπΈAlso known as Rudijala. Potential important bird area and attracts a large number of waterfowl in winter.
20. Sambhar Lake (240 km2)βπΈRajasthanβπΈMarch 1990βπΈIndiaβs largest inland salt lake.
21. Sasthamkotta Lake (3.73 km2)βKeralaβAugust 2002β Largest freshwater lake in Kerala, situated in Kollam district.
22. Surinsar-Mansar Lakes (3.5 km2)βJammu & Kashmirβ Nov 2005 The lake supports CITES & IUCN Redlisted Lissemys punctata, Aspideretes gangeticus & Mansariella lacustris.
23. Tsomoriri (120 km2)βπΈJammu & Kashmir β πΈAugust 2002βπΈA freshwater to brackish lake lying at 4,595 m above sea level, with wet meadows and borax-laden wetlands along the shores.
24. Upper Ganga River (Brijghat to Narora Stretch) (265.9 km2)βπΈUttar PradeshβπΈNovember 2005βπΈThe river provides habitat for IUCN Red listed Ganges River Dolphin, Gharial, Crocodile, 6 species of turtles, otters, 82 species of fish & more than hundred species of birds.
25. Wular Lake (189 km2)πΈJammu & KashmirπΈMarch 1990πΈThe largest freshwater lake in India.
26. Bhitarkanika Mangroves (650 km2)πΈOdisha Aug 2002πΈ It is famousfor its salt water crocodiles and Olive ridley sea turtle
https://t.me/upscprelimscare
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