Forwarded from UPSC Prelims Notes MCQs Quiz
*✍️ India’s Transition to E25 Ethanol Blending*
*✍️ Why in News?*
♟️ The government is considering a graded transition from E20 to E25 petrol, while addressing concerns over vehicle compatibility, mileage and consumer readiness.
*✍️ Key Highlights*
♟️ Ethanol has a lower calorific value than petrol, leading to a drop in fuel economy, especially in older vehicles.
♟️ Due to its hygroscopic nature (absorbs moisture), higher ethanol blends may increase the risk of corrosion and affect engine components.
♟️ Higher blends offer benefits such as a higher octane number, lower emissions and reduced dependence on imported crude oil.
*✍️ Challenges*
♟️ Existing vehicles may require engine recalibration, material compatibility upgrades and fresh homologation for E25.
♟️ A rushed transition could impose higher costs on consumers and automobile manufacturers.
*✍️ Way Forward*
♟️ Adopt a phased transition, strengthen BIS standards, promote flex-fuel vehicles, and ensure adequate stakeholder consultations before nationwide rollout.
*#UPSC #UPSCmains*
*#Economy* *#Environment*
*
♟️ The government is considering a graded transition from E20 to E25 petrol, while addressing concerns over vehicle compatibility, mileage and consumer readiness.
*
♟️ Ethanol has a lower calorific value than petrol, leading to a drop in fuel economy, especially in older vehicles.
♟️ Due to its hygroscopic nature (absorbs moisture), higher ethanol blends may increase the risk of corrosion and affect engine components.
♟️ Higher blends offer benefits such as a higher octane number, lower emissions and reduced dependence on imported crude oil.
*
♟️ Existing vehicles may require engine recalibration, material compatibility upgrades and fresh homologation for E25.
♟️ A rushed transition could impose higher costs on consumers and automobile manufacturers.
*
♟️ Adopt a phased transition, strengthen BIS standards, promote flex-fuel vehicles, and ensure adequate stakeholder consultations before nationwide rollout.
*#UPSC #UPSCmains*
*#Economy* *#Environment*
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Forwarded from UPSC Prelims Notes MCQs Quiz
*✍️ RudraM-II Air-to-Surface Missile Successfully Flight-Tested*
*✍️ Why in Focus*
♟️ DRDO and the Indian Air Force (IAF) successfully conducted flight-tests of the indigenous RudraM-II Air-to-Surface Missile, demonstrating its precision strike capability against ground targets.
*✍️ Key Highlights*
♟️ RudraM-II is an indigenously developed Air-to-Surface missile designed by Research Centre Imarat (RCI), Hyderabad, under DRDO.
♟️ The missile was tested from an airborne platform under extreme release conditions and successfully hit its predefined target with pin-point accuracy.
♟️ All mission objectives were achieved, as confirmed by data from the Integrated Test Range (ITR), Chandipur, Odisha.
♟️ Developed through collaboration among multiple DRDO laboratories, HAL, quality assurance agencies, and industry partners.
♟️ The successful test reflects India’s progress in advanced indigenous weapon systems and supports the vision of Aatmanirbhar Bharat in Defence.
*✍️ Significance*
♟️ Enhances the IAF’s capability to carry out precision strikes against high-value ground targets.
♟️ Strengthens India’s indigenous missile development ecosystem and strategic deterrence.
♟️ Reduces dependence on imported stand-off precision-guided munitions.
*✍️ Prelims Pointer*
♟️ DRDO Headquarters: New Delhi
♟️ Research Centre Imarat (RCI): Hyderabad
♟️ Integrated Test Range (ITR): Chandipur, Odisha.
*#UPSC #UPSCmains #UPSCNotes #ScienceandTechnology*
*
♟️ DRDO and the Indian Air Force (IAF) successfully conducted flight-tests of the indigenous RudraM-II Air-to-Surface Missile, demonstrating its precision strike capability against ground targets.
*
♟️ RudraM-II is an indigenously developed Air-to-Surface missile designed by Research Centre Imarat (RCI), Hyderabad, under DRDO.
♟️ The missile was tested from an airborne platform under extreme release conditions and successfully hit its predefined target with pin-point accuracy.
♟️ All mission objectives were achieved, as confirmed by data from the Integrated Test Range (ITR), Chandipur, Odisha.
♟️ Developed through collaboration among multiple DRDO laboratories, HAL, quality assurance agencies, and industry partners.
♟️ The successful test reflects India’s progress in advanced indigenous weapon systems and supports the vision of Aatmanirbhar Bharat in Defence.
*
♟️ Enhances the IAF’s capability to carry out precision strikes against high-value ground targets.
♟️ Strengthens India’s indigenous missile development ecosystem and strategic deterrence.
♟️ Reduces dependence on imported stand-off precision-guided munitions.
*
♟️ DRDO Headquarters: New Delhi
♟️ Research Centre Imarat (RCI): Hyderabad
♟️ Integrated Test Range (ITR): Chandipur, Odisha.
*#UPSC #UPSCmains #UPSCNotes #ScienceandTechnology*
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Forwarded from UPSC Prelims Notes MCQs Quiz
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Forwarded from UPSC Prelims Notes MCQs Quiz
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Forwarded from Sunya IAS Short Notes
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Forwarded from UPSC Prelims Notes MCQs Quiz via @Qualitycreatebot
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Forwarded from UPSC Prelims Notes MCQs Quiz
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Forwarded from UPSC Prelims Notes MCQs Quiz
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Forwarded from UPSC Prelims Notes MCQs Quiz
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Forwarded from UPSC Prelims Notes MCQs Quiz
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Forwarded from UPSC Prelims Notes MCQs Quiz
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Forwarded from UPSC Prelims Notes MCQs Quiz
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Forwarded from UPSC Prelims Notes MCQs Quiz
The Consultative Committee of Members of Parliament for Railway Zones is constituted by the?
Anonymous Quiz
29%
Ministry of Parliament Affairs
11%
President of India
15%
Ministry of Transport
45%
Ministry of Railways
Forwarded from UPSC Prelims Notes MCQs Quiz
The term eDNA (Environmental DNA), sometimes seen in the news, refers to?
Anonymous Quiz
33%
Its DNA that is extracted from environmental samples, without having to isolate target organisms.
21%
It refers to DNA sample leaked into the environment due to the misuse of the technology.
36%
It refers to digitally stored DNA data, as envisaged in the DNA Technology Regulation Bill, 2019
10%
It refers to electronically extracted DNA samples, via use of robotics.
Forwarded from UPSC Prelims Notes MCQs Quiz
Agatti Island, recently seen in news, is located in?
Anonymous Quiz
23%
Gulf of Mannar
21%
Persian gulf
43%
Lakshadweep
13%
Andaman and Nicobar
Forwarded from UPSC Prelims Notes MCQs Quiz
The Waigani Convention deals with?
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12%
Ozone depletion
30%
Hazardous Wastes
24%
Water conservation
34%
Coral bleaching
Forwarded from UPSC Prelims Notes MCQs Quiz
Which one of the following is incorrect in respect of Local Government in India?
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12%
Elections to local bodies are to be determined by a Commission
35%
According to the Constitution, local government is not an independent tier in the federal system
18%
Local government finances are to be provided by a Commission
34%
30% of the seats in local bodies are reserved for women
Forwarded from UPSC Prelims Notes MCQs Quiz
The term "Brahmadeva", in the context of ancient India, refers to?
Anonymous Quiz
46%
A tax free land gifted to brahmanas
16%
A military support given to brahmanas
27%
A land allotted to build temples
11%
A kind of tax levied on brahmanas