IMPORTANT COMMITEES in the Indian Economic system:
1. Urjit Patel Committee
▪️To examine the current monetary policy framework
2. Vaghul Committee
▪️For Money Market In India
3. Rattan P Watal Committee
▪️To boost digital payment system in India
4. Raghuram Rajan Committee
▪️For Financial Sector Reforms
5. Raja Chelliah Committee
▪️For Tax Reforms
6. Rakesh Mohan Committee
▪️Small Savings
7. Naresh Chandra committee
▪️For 14 member task force on security issues
8. P J Nayak Committee
▪️Governance of Boards of Bank in India
9. Parthasarathi Shome :
▪️For Tax Administration Reform Commission
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1. Urjit Patel Committee
▪️To examine the current monetary policy framework
2. Vaghul Committee
▪️For Money Market In India
3. Rattan P Watal Committee
▪️To boost digital payment system in India
4. Raghuram Rajan Committee
▪️For Financial Sector Reforms
5. Raja Chelliah Committee
▪️For Tax Reforms
6. Rakesh Mohan Committee
▪️Small Savings
7. Naresh Chandra committee
▪️For 14 member task force on security issues
8. P J Nayak Committee
▪️Governance of Boards of Bank in India
9. Parthasarathi Shome :
▪️For Tax Administration Reform Commission
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FACTS FOR PRELIMS 2022
Census:
1) Population Census- Every 10 Years
(2021 Census will be 16th)
2) Livestock Census- Every 5 Years
3) Agriculture Census - Every 5 Years
4) Forest Survey - Every 2 Years
5) Tiger Census - Every 4 Years
6) Elephant Census - Every 5 Years
7) Rhino Census - Every 3 Years
#environment
#important
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Census:
1) Population Census- Every 10 Years
(2021 Census will be 16th)
2) Livestock Census- Every 5 Years
3) Agriculture Census - Every 5 Years
4) Forest Survey - Every 2 Years
5) Tiger Census - Every 4 Years
6) Elephant Census - Every 5 Years
7) Rhino Census - Every 3 Years
#environment
#important
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Medieval India: Important Terms:
Amils– Revenue officers
Arz-i-mamalik– Minister in-charge of the army of the whole country.
Ahl-i-qalam– Reporter
Baqqal– Trader, grain-dealer
Batai– Division of crop between the cultivator and landlord or the government, payments may be in
kind or cash
Barid- An intelligence officer appointed by the state to collect information
Chachar– Land out of cultivation for 3-4 years.
Chaauth or Chauthaai– One-fourth of the land revenue, originally a Zamindari charge in Gujrat demanded by Shivaji as a war expense.
Charai– A tax on cattle.
Dagh System– A system of branding of horses and animal.
Dam- A copper coin considered as 1/40* the silver rupee for the official purposes.
Dastur-al-amal- Rule book
Dhimmi- A non-Muslim client or subject
Darul Mulk- Capital
Gumashta- An agent or representative
Hamam– A room for the bath of hot and cold water
Hundi- A bill of exchange
Jamabandi– Settlement of the amount of revenue assessed upon an estate or district
Jarib– A measurement, land measurement or survey
Jihat– Extra cesses
Jizya– (a) In the literature of Delhi sultanate, any tax which is not kharaj or land tax
(b) In the Shariat, a personal and yearly tax on non-Muslims.
Kankut– Estimation of land revenue
Karori– A revenue officer.
Khiraj– Land revenue
Mahal- A group of land regarded as a unit for land revenue purposes.
Mansab– A military rank conferred by the Mughal emperor.
Mauza- Revenue term for village
Mokasa- Grant of land for military service, rent-free land.
Nabud– Remission of land revenue on account of natural disasters.
Paibaqi- Land reserved for allotment in jagir
Polaj- Land continuously in cultivation
Sarrafs– Money Chargers, bankers
Saurghal-Rent-free land
Taqavi- Advance of money for sowing or extending cultivation
Upari- Temporary occupant; tenant at will.
Usar- Barren land
Zawabit- Secular laws
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Amils– Revenue officers
Arz-i-mamalik– Minister in-charge of the army of the whole country.
Ahl-i-qalam– Reporter
Baqqal– Trader, grain-dealer
Batai– Division of crop between the cultivator and landlord or the government, payments may be in
kind or cash
Barid- An intelligence officer appointed by the state to collect information
Chachar– Land out of cultivation for 3-4 years.
Chaauth or Chauthaai– One-fourth of the land revenue, originally a Zamindari charge in Gujrat demanded by Shivaji as a war expense.
Charai– A tax on cattle.
Dagh System– A system of branding of horses and animal.
Dam- A copper coin considered as 1/40* the silver rupee for the official purposes.
Dastur-al-amal- Rule book
Dhimmi- A non-Muslim client or subject
Darul Mulk- Capital
Gumashta- An agent or representative
Hamam– A room for the bath of hot and cold water
Hundi- A bill of exchange
Jamabandi– Settlement of the amount of revenue assessed upon an estate or district
Jarib– A measurement, land measurement or survey
Jihat– Extra cesses
Jizya– (a) In the literature of Delhi sultanate, any tax which is not kharaj or land tax
(b) In the Shariat, a personal and yearly tax on non-Muslims.
Kankut– Estimation of land revenue
Karori– A revenue officer.
Khiraj– Land revenue
Mahal- A group of land regarded as a unit for land revenue purposes.
Mansab– A military rank conferred by the Mughal emperor.
Mauza- Revenue term for village
Mokasa- Grant of land for military service, rent-free land.
Nabud– Remission of land revenue on account of natural disasters.
Paibaqi- Land reserved for allotment in jagir
Polaj- Land continuously in cultivation
Sarrafs– Money Chargers, bankers
Saurghal-Rent-free land
Taqavi- Advance of money for sowing or extending cultivation
Upari- Temporary occupant; tenant at will.
Usar- Barren land
Zawabit- Secular laws
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🏜️🏜️LIST OF MAJOR DESERTS IN THE WORLD🏜️🏜️
☃️Antarctica desert - Antarctica, is the biggest & largest cold desert in the world
☃️Arctic desert - , is the 2nd largest desert in the world. It is a cold desert.
🏜️Sahara desert - Africa, 3rd biggest & largest hot desert spread across 12 different countries
🏜️Arabian Desert - Largest in Asia and the second largest hot desert on Earth.
🏜️Atacama desert - South America, is the driest place on Earth
🏜️Lut desert - Iran. The hottest temperature ever recorded on Earth was 70.7 °C (159 °F), which was taken in the Lut Desert of Iran
🏜️Gobi Desert - China & Mongolia, Asia. The 2nd largest in Asia and the 5th largest in the world.
🏜️Namib Desert - Namibia, Angola & South Africa, is the oldest desert in the world
🏜️Syrian desert - Syria, Jordan, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, was formed by lava flows emanating from volcanic activities in the region of Jebel Druze in Syria
🏜️🏜️🏜️🏜️🏜️🏜️🏜️🏜️🏜️🏜️
Some other large & important deserts include the Thar desert, India, the Kalahari Desert, Africa, the Patagonian Desert, South America, the Great Victoria, Gibson & Simpson Desert, Australia, the Syrian Desert, Middle East and the Great Basin Desert, North America, Dasht e Kavir and Dasht e Lut, Iran
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☃️Antarctica desert - Antarctica, is the biggest & largest cold desert in the world
☃️Arctic desert - , is the 2nd largest desert in the world. It is a cold desert.
🏜️Sahara desert - Africa, 3rd biggest & largest hot desert spread across 12 different countries
🏜️Arabian Desert - Largest in Asia and the second largest hot desert on Earth.
🏜️Atacama desert - South America, is the driest place on Earth
🏜️Lut desert - Iran. The hottest temperature ever recorded on Earth was 70.7 °C (159 °F), which was taken in the Lut Desert of Iran
🏜️Gobi Desert - China & Mongolia, Asia. The 2nd largest in Asia and the 5th largest in the world.
🏜️Namib Desert - Namibia, Angola & South Africa, is the oldest desert in the world
🏜️Syrian desert - Syria, Jordan, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, was formed by lava flows emanating from volcanic activities in the region of Jebel Druze in Syria
🏜️🏜️🏜️🏜️🏜️🏜️🏜️🏜️🏜️🏜️
Some other large & important deserts include the Thar desert, India, the Kalahari Desert, Africa, the Patagonian Desert, South America, the Great Victoria, Gibson & Simpson Desert, Australia, the Syrian Desert, Middle East and the Great Basin Desert, North America, Dasht e Kavir and Dasht e Lut, Iran
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Facts For Prelims
Navigation Systems
▪︎Navigation with Indian Constellation (NavIC)- India
▪︎GPS- US government.
▪︎GLONASS- Russia
▪︎Galileo - European Union (EU)
▪︎BEIDOU - China
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Navigation Systems
▪︎Navigation with Indian Constellation (NavIC)- India
▪︎GPS- US government.
▪︎GLONASS- Russia
▪︎Galileo - European Union (EU)
▪︎BEIDOU - China
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👉Atmospheric window?
Electromagnetic radiation is reflected or absorbed mainly by several gases in the Earth's atmosphere, among the most important being water vapor, carbon dioxide, and ozone. Some radiation, such as visible light, largely passes (is transmitted) through the atmosphere. These regions of the spectrum with wavelengths that can pass through the atmosphere are referred to as "atmospheric windows." Some microwaves can even pass through clouds, which make them the best wavelength for transmitting satellite communication signals.
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Electromagnetic radiation is reflected or absorbed mainly by several gases in the Earth's atmosphere, among the most important being water vapor, carbon dioxide, and ozone. Some radiation, such as visible light, largely passes (is transmitted) through the atmosphere. These regions of the spectrum with wavelengths that can pass through the atmosphere are referred to as "atmospheric windows." Some microwaves can even pass through clouds, which make them the best wavelength for transmitting satellite communication signals.
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Tenure of the important constitutional posts.
#polity
#prelims2022
#important
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@UPSCFIX
#polity
#prelims2022
#important
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What is 'Happy Hyopxia' ?
Happy hypoxia is when patients have low oxygen saturation, but do not feel any symptoms. They do not get alarmed till the disease has progressed and there is severe damage to lungs.
The phenomenon is particularly seen in younger people because their immunity is high. They withstand some amount of hypoxia and are comfortable even at 81 saturation level. This is the reason for late admissions.
Stay Safe 😷 Stay at home 🏡
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Happy hypoxia is when patients have low oxygen saturation, but do not feel any symptoms. They do not get alarmed till the disease has progressed and there is severe damage to lungs.
The phenomenon is particularly seen in younger people because their immunity is high. They withstand some amount of hypoxia and are comfortable even at 81 saturation level. This is the reason for late admissions.
Stay Safe 😷 Stay at home 🏡
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Facts For Prelims
Shivaji was assisted by a council of ministers called Ashtapradhan:
●Peshwa : Finance and general administration.
Later he became the prime minister. ●Sar-i-Naubat or Senapati : Military commander, a honorary post.
●Amatya : Accountant General.
●Waqenavis : Intelligence, posts and affairs.
●Sachiv: Correspondence.
●Sumanta : Master of ceremonies.
●Nyayadhish: Justice.
●Panditarao : Charities and religious
administration.
#prelimsShots 2022
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@iasnetwork
Shivaji was assisted by a council of ministers called Ashtapradhan:
●Peshwa : Finance and general administration.
Later he became the prime minister. ●Sar-i-Naubat or Senapati : Military commander, a honorary post.
●Amatya : Accountant General.
●Waqenavis : Intelligence, posts and affairs.
●Sachiv: Correspondence.
●Sumanta : Master of ceremonies.
●Nyayadhish: Justice.
●Panditarao : Charities and religious
administration.
#prelimsShots 2022
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@iasnetwork
👍2
https://indianexpress.com/article/india/eci-responsible-for-spreading-covid-19-says-madras-hc-7289824/
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The Indian Express
Irresponsible… must perhaps face murder charge: Madras HC on Election Commission
The scathing observations came four days after the Calcutta High Court had censured the EC for not doing enough to ensure that political parties were following appropriate Covid protocols amid the surging second wave.
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Facts For Prelims
Effects of Toxic Particulate Materials:
●Lead: affects blood system, behavioural disorders and can also cause death.
●Cadmium: Cardiovascular diseases and hypertension, kidney damage.
●Nickel: Respiratory symptoms, lung cancer.
●Mercury: Nerve and brain damage, kidney damage.
●Beryllium: Causes berylliosis. Affects mucus membrane of eyes and lungs. Causes shortness of breath, weight loss, lung cancer and affects heart.
●Asbestos: Causes asbestosis, shortness of breath, pleural calcification and lung cancer.
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Effects of Toxic Particulate Materials:
●Lead: affects blood system, behavioural disorders and can also cause death.
●Cadmium: Cardiovascular diseases and hypertension, kidney damage.
●Nickel: Respiratory symptoms, lung cancer.
●Mercury: Nerve and brain damage, kidney damage.
●Beryllium: Causes berylliosis. Affects mucus membrane of eyes and lungs. Causes shortness of breath, weight loss, lung cancer and affects heart.
●Asbestos: Causes asbestosis, shortness of breath, pleural calcification and lung cancer.
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Above summary of Jainism is holistically made in just one page from 3 books - Nitin Singhania, NCERT and Tamil Nadu History
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ASSAM Earthquake:
“The preliminary analysis shows that the events are located near to Kopili Fault closer to Himalayan Frontal Thrust (HFT). The area is seismically very active falling in the highest Seismic Hazard zone V associated with collisional tectonics where Indian plate sub-ducts beneath the Eurasian Plate,” the NCS report said.
HFT, also known as the Main Frontal Thrust (MFT), is a geological fault along the boundary of the Indian and Eurasian tectonic plates. The Kopili Fault is a 300-km northwest-southeast trending fault from the Bhutan Himalaya to the Burmese arc.
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“The preliminary analysis shows that the events are located near to Kopili Fault closer to Himalayan Frontal Thrust (HFT). The area is seismically very active falling in the highest Seismic Hazard zone V associated with collisional tectonics where Indian plate sub-ducts beneath the Eurasian Plate,” the NCS report said.
HFT, also known as the Main Frontal Thrust (MFT), is a geological fault along the boundary of the Indian and Eurasian tectonic plates. The Kopili Fault is a 300-km northwest-southeast trending fault from the Bhutan Himalaya to the Burmese arc.
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Assumption Island.
Agalega Island
#Prelims2022
#Important
Important Islands in News.
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Agalega Island
#Prelims2022
#Important
Important Islands in News.
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