Trifurcate the IAS to reform it.
Reform of IAS . Way to make specialist branch from generalist branch.
For GS 2 and GS 4
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Reform of IAS . Way to make specialist branch from generalist branch.
For GS 2 and GS 4
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👍3
Internet Denied. An important infographic from the Newspaper.
In 2020, over 70% of internet shutdowns recorded across the world were from India.
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In 2020, over 70% of internet shutdowns recorded across the world were from India.
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Confusing terms in Modern Indian History:
1)Delhi - Pact - On January 25, 1931, Gandhi and all other members of the Congress Working Committee (CWC) were released from jail unconditionally. The CWC authorised Gandhi to initiate discussions with the viceroy Lord Irwin. Later a pact was signed in Delhi, which came to be known as Delhi-Pact or Gandhi-Irwin Pact.
2) Delhi Manifesto - Certain conditions for attending the Round Table Conference .
3)Delhi Proposal of Muslim League - Earlier, in December 1927, a large number of Muslim leaders had met at Delhi at the Muslim League session and evolved four proposals for Muslim demands to be incorporated in the draft constitution. These proposals, which were accepted by the Madras session of the Congress (December 1927), came to be known as the ‘Delhi Proposals’.
4) The Liaquat–Nehru Pact (or the Delhi Pact) was a bilateral treaty between the two South-Asian states of India and Pakistan, where refugees were allowed to return to dispose of their property, abducted women and looted property were to be returned, forced conversions were unrecognized, and minority rights were confirmed. The treaty was signed in New Delhi between the prime of India Jawaharlal Nehru and the Prime minister of Pakistan Liaquat Ali Khan on April 8, 1950. The treaty was outcome of six days of talks sought to guarantee the rights of minorities in both countries after the Partition of India and to avert another war between them
5) Delhi Declaration- The Delhi Declaration, a consensus document, agreed upon by more than 100 countries “welcomed” the proposed adoption of a “voluntary” land degradation neutrality target by India.
6) Delhi Agreement- The Delhi Agreement was a trilateral agreement signed between India , Pakistan and Bangladesh on 28 August 1973; It allowed the repatriation of prisoners of war and interned officials held in the three countries after the 1971 Bangladesh Liberation war .
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1)Delhi - Pact - On January 25, 1931, Gandhi and all other members of the Congress Working Committee (CWC) were released from jail unconditionally. The CWC authorised Gandhi to initiate discussions with the viceroy Lord Irwin. Later a pact was signed in Delhi, which came to be known as Delhi-Pact or Gandhi-Irwin Pact.
2) Delhi Manifesto - Certain conditions for attending the Round Table Conference .
3)Delhi Proposal of Muslim League - Earlier, in December 1927, a large number of Muslim leaders had met at Delhi at the Muslim League session and evolved four proposals for Muslim demands to be incorporated in the draft constitution. These proposals, which were accepted by the Madras session of the Congress (December 1927), came to be known as the ‘Delhi Proposals’.
4) The Liaquat–Nehru Pact (or the Delhi Pact) was a bilateral treaty between the two South-Asian states of India and Pakistan, where refugees were allowed to return to dispose of their property, abducted women and looted property were to be returned, forced conversions were unrecognized, and minority rights were confirmed. The treaty was signed in New Delhi between the prime of India Jawaharlal Nehru and the Prime minister of Pakistan Liaquat Ali Khan on April 8, 1950. The treaty was outcome of six days of talks sought to guarantee the rights of minorities in both countries after the Partition of India and to avert another war between them
5) Delhi Declaration- The Delhi Declaration, a consensus document, agreed upon by more than 100 countries “welcomed” the proposed adoption of a “voluntary” land degradation neutrality target by India.
6) Delhi Agreement- The Delhi Agreement was a trilateral agreement signed between India , Pakistan and Bangladesh on 28 August 1973; It allowed the repatriation of prisoners of war and interned officials held in the three countries after the 1971 Bangladesh Liberation war .
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Prompt Corrective Action (PCA) Framework:
Context: The Reserve Bank of India has taken IDBI Bank Ltd out of its prompt corrective action list after it found the state-run lender was not in breach of the central bank’s parameters.
#Current_Affairs
#Indian_Economy
#prelimsShots2022
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Context: The Reserve Bank of India has taken IDBI Bank Ltd out of its prompt corrective action list after it found the state-run lender was not in breach of the central bank’s parameters.
#Current_Affairs
#Indian_Economy
#prelimsShots2022
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Important Section under RTI Act, 2005
1. Section 4 of the RTI Act requires suo motu disclosure of information by each public authority.
2. Section 8 (1) mentions exemptions against furnishing information under RTI Act.
3. Section 8 (2) provides for disclosure of information exempted under Official Secrets Act, 1923 if larger public interest is served.
#Current_Affairs
#Indian_Polity
#Important_acts_and_bills
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1. Section 4 of the RTI Act requires suo motu disclosure of information by each public authority.
2. Section 8 (1) mentions exemptions against furnishing information under RTI Act.
3. Section 8 (2) provides for disclosure of information exempted under Official Secrets Act, 1923 if larger public interest is served.
#Current_Affairs
#Indian_Polity
#Important_acts_and_bills
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Tigers In India:
The conducting of tiger censuses in India began in 2006 [every 4 Yrs]
Tiger No. are Increasing (Since 2006).
#Environment_Ecology
#Prelims2022
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The conducting of tiger censuses in India began in 2006 [every 4 Yrs]
Tiger No. are Increasing (Since 2006).
#Environment_Ecology
#Prelims2022
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IMPORTANT COMMITEES in the Indian Economic system:
1. Urjit Patel Committee
▪️To examine the current monetary policy framework
2. Vaghul Committee
▪️For Money Market In India
3. Rattan P Watal Committee
▪️To boost digital payment system in India
4. Raghuram Rajan Committee
▪️For Financial Sector Reforms
5. Raja Chelliah Committee
▪️For Tax Reforms
6. Rakesh Mohan Committee
▪️Small Savings
7. Naresh Chandra committee
▪️For 14 member task force on security issues
8. P J Nayak Committee
▪️Governance of Boards of Bank in India
9. Parthasarathi Shome :
▪️For Tax Administration Reform Commission
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1. Urjit Patel Committee
▪️To examine the current monetary policy framework
2. Vaghul Committee
▪️For Money Market In India
3. Rattan P Watal Committee
▪️To boost digital payment system in India
4. Raghuram Rajan Committee
▪️For Financial Sector Reforms
5. Raja Chelliah Committee
▪️For Tax Reforms
6. Rakesh Mohan Committee
▪️Small Savings
7. Naresh Chandra committee
▪️For 14 member task force on security issues
8. P J Nayak Committee
▪️Governance of Boards of Bank in India
9. Parthasarathi Shome :
▪️For Tax Administration Reform Commission
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FACTS FOR PRELIMS 2022
Census:
1) Population Census- Every 10 Years
(2021 Census will be 16th)
2) Livestock Census- Every 5 Years
3) Agriculture Census - Every 5 Years
4) Forest Survey - Every 2 Years
5) Tiger Census - Every 4 Years
6) Elephant Census - Every 5 Years
7) Rhino Census - Every 3 Years
#environment
#important
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Census:
1) Population Census- Every 10 Years
(2021 Census will be 16th)
2) Livestock Census- Every 5 Years
3) Agriculture Census - Every 5 Years
4) Forest Survey - Every 2 Years
5) Tiger Census - Every 4 Years
6) Elephant Census - Every 5 Years
7) Rhino Census - Every 3 Years
#environment
#important
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👍3
Medieval India: Important Terms:
Amils– Revenue officers
Arz-i-mamalik– Minister in-charge of the army of the whole country.
Ahl-i-qalam– Reporter
Baqqal– Trader, grain-dealer
Batai– Division of crop between the cultivator and landlord or the government, payments may be in
kind or cash
Barid- An intelligence officer appointed by the state to collect information
Chachar– Land out of cultivation for 3-4 years.
Chaauth or Chauthaai– One-fourth of the land revenue, originally a Zamindari charge in Gujrat demanded by Shivaji as a war expense.
Charai– A tax on cattle.
Dagh System– A system of branding of horses and animal.
Dam- A copper coin considered as 1/40* the silver rupee for the official purposes.
Dastur-al-amal- Rule book
Dhimmi- A non-Muslim client or subject
Darul Mulk- Capital
Gumashta- An agent or representative
Hamam– A room for the bath of hot and cold water
Hundi- A bill of exchange
Jamabandi– Settlement of the amount of revenue assessed upon an estate or district
Jarib– A measurement, land measurement or survey
Jihat– Extra cesses
Jizya– (a) In the literature of Delhi sultanate, any tax which is not kharaj or land tax
(b) In the Shariat, a personal and yearly tax on non-Muslims.
Kankut– Estimation of land revenue
Karori– A revenue officer.
Khiraj– Land revenue
Mahal- A group of land regarded as a unit for land revenue purposes.
Mansab– A military rank conferred by the Mughal emperor.
Mauza- Revenue term for village
Mokasa- Grant of land for military service, rent-free land.
Nabud– Remission of land revenue on account of natural disasters.
Paibaqi- Land reserved for allotment in jagir
Polaj- Land continuously in cultivation
Sarrafs– Money Chargers, bankers
Saurghal-Rent-free land
Taqavi- Advance of money for sowing or extending cultivation
Upari- Temporary occupant; tenant at will.
Usar- Barren land
Zawabit- Secular laws
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Amils– Revenue officers
Arz-i-mamalik– Minister in-charge of the army of the whole country.
Ahl-i-qalam– Reporter
Baqqal– Trader, grain-dealer
Batai– Division of crop between the cultivator and landlord or the government, payments may be in
kind or cash
Barid- An intelligence officer appointed by the state to collect information
Chachar– Land out of cultivation for 3-4 years.
Chaauth or Chauthaai– One-fourth of the land revenue, originally a Zamindari charge in Gujrat demanded by Shivaji as a war expense.
Charai– A tax on cattle.
Dagh System– A system of branding of horses and animal.
Dam- A copper coin considered as 1/40* the silver rupee for the official purposes.
Dastur-al-amal- Rule book
Dhimmi- A non-Muslim client or subject
Darul Mulk- Capital
Gumashta- An agent or representative
Hamam– A room for the bath of hot and cold water
Hundi- A bill of exchange
Jamabandi– Settlement of the amount of revenue assessed upon an estate or district
Jarib– A measurement, land measurement or survey
Jihat– Extra cesses
Jizya– (a) In the literature of Delhi sultanate, any tax which is not kharaj or land tax
(b) In the Shariat, a personal and yearly tax on non-Muslims.
Kankut– Estimation of land revenue
Karori– A revenue officer.
Khiraj– Land revenue
Mahal- A group of land regarded as a unit for land revenue purposes.
Mansab– A military rank conferred by the Mughal emperor.
Mauza- Revenue term for village
Mokasa- Grant of land for military service, rent-free land.
Nabud– Remission of land revenue on account of natural disasters.
Paibaqi- Land reserved for allotment in jagir
Polaj- Land continuously in cultivation
Sarrafs– Money Chargers, bankers
Saurghal-Rent-free land
Taqavi- Advance of money for sowing or extending cultivation
Upari- Temporary occupant; tenant at will.
Usar- Barren land
Zawabit- Secular laws
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🏜️🏜️LIST OF MAJOR DESERTS IN THE WORLD🏜️🏜️
☃️Antarctica desert - Antarctica, is the biggest & largest cold desert in the world
☃️Arctic desert - , is the 2nd largest desert in the world. It is a cold desert.
🏜️Sahara desert - Africa, 3rd biggest & largest hot desert spread across 12 different countries
🏜️Arabian Desert - Largest in Asia and the second largest hot desert on Earth.
🏜️Atacama desert - South America, is the driest place on Earth
🏜️Lut desert - Iran. The hottest temperature ever recorded on Earth was 70.7 °C (159 °F), which was taken in the Lut Desert of Iran
🏜️Gobi Desert - China & Mongolia, Asia. The 2nd largest in Asia and the 5th largest in the world.
🏜️Namib Desert - Namibia, Angola & South Africa, is the oldest desert in the world
🏜️Syrian desert - Syria, Jordan, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, was formed by lava flows emanating from volcanic activities in the region of Jebel Druze in Syria
🏜️🏜️🏜️🏜️🏜️🏜️🏜️🏜️🏜️🏜️
Some other large & important deserts include the Thar desert, India, the Kalahari Desert, Africa, the Patagonian Desert, South America, the Great Victoria, Gibson & Simpson Desert, Australia, the Syrian Desert, Middle East and the Great Basin Desert, North America, Dasht e Kavir and Dasht e Lut, Iran
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☃️Antarctica desert - Antarctica, is the biggest & largest cold desert in the world
☃️Arctic desert - , is the 2nd largest desert in the world. It is a cold desert.
🏜️Sahara desert - Africa, 3rd biggest & largest hot desert spread across 12 different countries
🏜️Arabian Desert - Largest in Asia and the second largest hot desert on Earth.
🏜️Atacama desert - South America, is the driest place on Earth
🏜️Lut desert - Iran. The hottest temperature ever recorded on Earth was 70.7 °C (159 °F), which was taken in the Lut Desert of Iran
🏜️Gobi Desert - China & Mongolia, Asia. The 2nd largest in Asia and the 5th largest in the world.
🏜️Namib Desert - Namibia, Angola & South Africa, is the oldest desert in the world
🏜️Syrian desert - Syria, Jordan, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, was formed by lava flows emanating from volcanic activities in the region of Jebel Druze in Syria
🏜️🏜️🏜️🏜️🏜️🏜️🏜️🏜️🏜️🏜️
Some other large & important deserts include the Thar desert, India, the Kalahari Desert, Africa, the Patagonian Desert, South America, the Great Victoria, Gibson & Simpson Desert, Australia, the Syrian Desert, Middle East and the Great Basin Desert, North America, Dasht e Kavir and Dasht e Lut, Iran
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❤3
Facts For Prelims
Navigation Systems
▪︎Navigation with Indian Constellation (NavIC)- India
▪︎GPS- US government.
▪︎GLONASS- Russia
▪︎Galileo - European Union (EU)
▪︎BEIDOU - China
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Navigation Systems
▪︎Navigation with Indian Constellation (NavIC)- India
▪︎GPS- US government.
▪︎GLONASS- Russia
▪︎Galileo - European Union (EU)
▪︎BEIDOU - China
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👉Atmospheric window?
Electromagnetic radiation is reflected or absorbed mainly by several gases in the Earth's atmosphere, among the most important being water vapor, carbon dioxide, and ozone. Some radiation, such as visible light, largely passes (is transmitted) through the atmosphere. These regions of the spectrum with wavelengths that can pass through the atmosphere are referred to as "atmospheric windows." Some microwaves can even pass through clouds, which make them the best wavelength for transmitting satellite communication signals.
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Electromagnetic radiation is reflected or absorbed mainly by several gases in the Earth's atmosphere, among the most important being water vapor, carbon dioxide, and ozone. Some radiation, such as visible light, largely passes (is transmitted) through the atmosphere. These regions of the spectrum with wavelengths that can pass through the atmosphere are referred to as "atmospheric windows." Some microwaves can even pass through clouds, which make them the best wavelength for transmitting satellite communication signals.
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Tenure of the important constitutional posts.
#polity
#prelims2022
#important
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#polity
#prelims2022
#important
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@UPSCFIX