#Modern History.
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Very Important
Newspaper/Journals/Books:
1. Kudiarasu - EVR Periyar
2. Socialist - SA Dange
3. Bandi Jivan - Sachin Sanyal
4. Pakthun - Khan abdul gaffar khan
5. Nil darpan - Dinbandhu mitra
6. Sanjivini - KK mitra
7. Dawn - Satishchandra Mukherji
8. New India - Bipin Chanda Pal
9. Bande mataram - bikaji cama
10. mitramela - savarkar brothers
11. punjabi - Lala lajpat rai
12. Sandya - brahmobandab upadhyaya
13. yugantar - bk ghosh and bn dutta
14. gora, ghare baire - RN tagore
15. Bharat mata - ajit singh
16. al hilal - abul kalam azad
17. indian opinion, young india, harijan, conquest of self, hind swarajya - Gandhiji
18. Free hindustan - tarakanath das
19. kesari - BG tilak
20. banga darshan, anandamath (Sanyasi rebellion) - bankim chandra chatterjee
21. indian mirror - DN tagore
22. poverty and unbritish rule of india, rast goftar - dadabhai naoroji
23. economic history of india - rc dutta
24. essays on indian economy - mg ranade
25. the nations voice - c raja gopalachari
26. india and the world - Jl nehru
27. sceptred flute - sarojini naidu
28. Ghulam giri - Jyotiba phule
29. Dinabandhu - NM lokhande
30. sudharak - GG agarkar
31. bombay chronicle - feroz shah mehta
32. servants of india - srinivas shastri
33. satapatra - GH deshmukh
34. new lamps for old, bande mataram - aurobindo ghosh
35. bengal gazette - james augustus hickey
36. bengali gazette - harish chandra ray
37. amrit bazar patrika - sisir kumar ghosh and motilal ghosh
38. som prakash - ic vidyasagar
39. hindustan - mm malviya
40. mooknayak - ambedkar
41. prabhudha bharat, udbodhana - swami vivekanand.
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|| Prelims 2020 ||
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Types of Moon:
> Supermoon - Moon nearer to Earth( Perigee).
> Red/Blood moon - Occurs during total lunar eclipse.
> Blue moon - 2nd full moon in a calendar month.
> Black moon - 2nd New moon in a calendar month.
> Wolf/Snow/Old moon - First moon in January.
> Harvest moon - First Full moon in autumn season.
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Types of Moon:
> Supermoon - Moon nearer to Earth( Perigee).
> Red/Blood moon - Occurs during total lunar eclipse.
> Blue moon - 2nd full moon in a calendar month.
> Black moon - 2nd New moon in a calendar month.
> Wolf/Snow/Old moon - First moon in January.
> Harvest moon - First Full moon in autumn season.
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👆For Mains - 2022 Aspirants👆
Now...take a Chill Pill...!!!
👉 Revise your last minute notes and Relax!!!
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Now...take a Chill Pill...!!!
👉 Revise your last minute notes and Relax!!!
Join: @UPSCFIX
|| Prelims 2020 ||
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Important Environmental Conventions:
>> United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification
(UNCCD):
Year 1994.
Objectives: To combat desertification and mitigate (decline or decrease) the
effects of drought through national action programs.
Legally binding
India for the first time hosted the 14th session of the Conference of Parties (COP-14) of the (UNCCD)
The theme of the Conference was "Restore land, Sustain future“.
>> Bonn Convention:
Name: Bonn Convention
Members 129
Objectives: Conserve migratory species within their migratory ranges.
Not legally binding
>> Ramsar Convention:
Year 1975
Objectives: Conservation and sustainable use of wetlands
Not legally binding
Important Points It is the first and only global treaty for the conservation of a particular ecosystem.
10 new sites of india..in news
>> Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer
Year 1985
Objectives: Providing frameworks for international reductions in the production of chlorofluorocarbons.
Not legally binding
>> Montreal Protocol:
Year 1987
Objectives: To protect the ozone layer by phasing out the production of numerous substances that are responsible for ozone depletion.
Legally binding
Important Points Kigali agreement (2016) is an amendment to Montreal
Protocol. Kigali Amendment is effective from 2019.
>> Minimata Convention:
Minimata Convention on Mercury under UNEP
Year 2013
Objectives: Designed to protect human health and the environment from mercury and mercury compounds.
Legally binding
Important Points The Convention is named after the Japanese city Minamata.
>> Stockholm Convention: on Persistent Organic Pollutants
Year 2001
Objectives: It aims to eliminate or restrict the production and use of persistent organic pollutants (POPs).
Legally binding
Important Points The Global Environmental Facility (GEF) is the designated interim financial mechanism for the Stockholm Convention.
>> Rotterdam Conventions:
Year 1998
Objectives: Promote shared responsibilities in relation to importation of hazardous chemicals.
Legally binding
>> Basel Convention:
Name: Basel Convention
Year 1989
Objectives: Designed to reduce the movements of hazardous
waste between nations, and specifically to prevent transfer
of hazardous waste from developed to less developed
countries (LDCs)
Legally binding.
It does not, however, address the movement of radioactive
waste.
>> CITES:
(the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora)
Year 1973
Objectives: To protect endangered plants andanimals.
Legally binding
>> UNFCC:
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)
Year 1992
Objectives: To reduce atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases .
Not legally binding.
CoP-25 -Madrid.
Join fast for Prelims last minute important revision topics: @UPSCFIX
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Important Environmental Conventions:
>> United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification
(UNCCD):
Year 1994.
Objectives: To combat desertification and mitigate (decline or decrease) the
effects of drought through national action programs.
Legally binding
India for the first time hosted the 14th session of the Conference of Parties (COP-14) of the (UNCCD)
The theme of the Conference was "Restore land, Sustain future“.
>> Bonn Convention:
Name: Bonn Convention
Members 129
Objectives: Conserve migratory species within their migratory ranges.
Not legally binding
>> Ramsar Convention:
Year 1975
Objectives: Conservation and sustainable use of wetlands
Not legally binding
Important Points It is the first and only global treaty for the conservation of a particular ecosystem.
10 new sites of india..in news
>> Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer
Year 1985
Objectives: Providing frameworks for international reductions in the production of chlorofluorocarbons.
Not legally binding
>> Montreal Protocol:
Year 1987
Objectives: To protect the ozone layer by phasing out the production of numerous substances that are responsible for ozone depletion.
Legally binding
Important Points Kigali agreement (2016) is an amendment to Montreal
Protocol. Kigali Amendment is effective from 2019.
>> Minimata Convention:
Minimata Convention on Mercury under UNEP
Year 2013
Objectives: Designed to protect human health and the environment from mercury and mercury compounds.
Legally binding
Important Points The Convention is named after the Japanese city Minamata.
>> Stockholm Convention: on Persistent Organic Pollutants
Year 2001
Objectives: It aims to eliminate or restrict the production and use of persistent organic pollutants (POPs).
Legally binding
Important Points The Global Environmental Facility (GEF) is the designated interim financial mechanism for the Stockholm Convention.
>> Rotterdam Conventions:
Year 1998
Objectives: Promote shared responsibilities in relation to importation of hazardous chemicals.
Legally binding
>> Basel Convention:
Name: Basel Convention
Year 1989
Objectives: Designed to reduce the movements of hazardous
waste between nations, and specifically to prevent transfer
of hazardous waste from developed to less developed
countries (LDCs)
Legally binding.
It does not, however, address the movement of radioactive
waste.
>> CITES:
(the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora)
Year 1973
Objectives: To protect endangered plants andanimals.
Legally binding
>> UNFCC:
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)
Year 1992
Objectives: To reduce atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases .
Not legally binding.
CoP-25 -Madrid.
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Geography Case study: 2
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>>About Amazon Rainforest:
> The Amazon rainforest stretches across 5.5 million square kilometers, an area far larger than the EU.
> The Amazon rainforest home to one in 10 species on Earth is on fire.
> The Amazon rainforest is a moist broadleaf tropical rainforest in the Amazon biome that covers most of the Amazon basin of South America.
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> The majority of the forest is contained within Brazil, with 60% of the rainforest, followed by Peru with 13%, Colombia with 10%, and with minor amounts in Venezuela, Ecuador, Bolivia, Guyana, Suriname and France (French Guiana).
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>>About Amazon Rainforest:
> The Amazon rainforest stretches across 5.5 million square kilometers, an area far larger than the EU.
> The Amazon rainforest home to one in 10 species on Earth is on fire.
> The Amazon rainforest is a moist broadleaf tropical rainforest in the Amazon biome that covers most of the Amazon basin of South America.
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> The majority of the forest is contained within Brazil, with 60% of the rainforest, followed by Peru with 13%, Colombia with 10%, and with minor amounts in Venezuela, Ecuador, Bolivia, Guyana, Suriname and France (French Guiana).
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|| Prelims 2020 ||
All G.I. Tags in News!
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All G.I. Tags in News!
Join fast for Prelims last minute important revision topics: @UPSCFIX
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|| Prelims 2020 ||
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ICT Malware and Viruses in NEWS:
●Eventbot = a new malware + Eventbot is a Trojan + It cheats victims secretly attacking computer or phone operating system + It targets money-transfer services, financial applications
●Cerberus = It is a Banking Trojan + It is primarily used to steal financial data, such as credit card numbers + Recently, CBI has sent alerts to all the States, Union Territories and the central agencies on a malicious software (cerberus) threat that is taking advantage of the Covid-19 pandemic
●Blackrock android Malware = new malware which can steal information like passwords and credit card information
●“Dtrack” = Malware/Virus + It has been believed to be used to breach data of Kudankulam Nuclear Power Project (KKNPP)
●Wannacry and notpetya = global ransomware attacks
●Pegasus = Spyware + Code enters a phone through Whatsapp call(even if call is not answered) + allegations over the breach of privacy of several Indian WhatsApp users using Israeli surveillance software Pegasus + This Sends the target’s Contacts, calls and ,messages to its controller + It can also work as the spy device by switching on the camera or microphone [VERY IMPORTANT]
●StrandHogg = It is a Malware which allows real-time malware applications to pose as genuine applications and access user data of all kinds
●Juice jacking = type of cyber attack involving a charging port that doubles as a data connection, typically over USB + SBI has publicly issued a warning of ‘Juice Jacking’ through its twitter handle
●Saposhi = New Malware + Capable of turning electronic devices into Bots
●Gravity Rat Malware = malware allegedly designed by Pakistani hackers + first detected by CERT-in in 2017
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ICT Malware and Viruses in NEWS:
●Eventbot = a new malware + Eventbot is a Trojan + It cheats victims secretly attacking computer or phone operating system + It targets money-transfer services, financial applications
●Cerberus = It is a Banking Trojan + It is primarily used to steal financial data, such as credit card numbers + Recently, CBI has sent alerts to all the States, Union Territories and the central agencies on a malicious software (cerberus) threat that is taking advantage of the Covid-19 pandemic
●Blackrock android Malware = new malware which can steal information like passwords and credit card information
●“Dtrack” = Malware/Virus + It has been believed to be used to breach data of Kudankulam Nuclear Power Project (KKNPP)
●Wannacry and notpetya = global ransomware attacks
●Pegasus = Spyware + Code enters a phone through Whatsapp call(even if call is not answered) + allegations over the breach of privacy of several Indian WhatsApp users using Israeli surveillance software Pegasus + This Sends the target’s Contacts, calls and ,messages to its controller + It can also work as the spy device by switching on the camera or microphone [VERY IMPORTANT]
●StrandHogg = It is a Malware which allows real-time malware applications to pose as genuine applications and access user data of all kinds
●Juice jacking = type of cyber attack involving a charging port that doubles as a data connection, typically over USB + SBI has publicly issued a warning of ‘Juice Jacking’ through its twitter handle
●Saposhi = New Malware + Capable of turning electronic devices into Bots
●Gravity Rat Malware = malware allegedly designed by Pakistani hackers + first detected by CERT-in in 2017
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Important amendments for #PRELIMS2022.
> 100th caa - Land boundary agreement.
> 101st caa- GST.
> 102nd caa - Constitutional status to national commision for backward classes.
> 103rd caa - EWS reservation.
> 104th caa- extended reservation of seats to S.C. and S.T. in lok sabha and state assemblies.
Join fast for Prelims last minute important revision topics.
Important amendments for #PRELIMS2022.
> 100th caa - Land boundary agreement.
> 101st caa- GST.
> 102nd caa - Constitutional status to national commision for backward classes.
> 103rd caa - EWS reservation.
> 104th caa- extended reservation of seats to S.C. and S.T. in lok sabha and state assemblies.
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Indices series: 1
IIP is released by CSO.
The base year was changed to 2011-12 from 2004-05 in the year 2017.
Weightage (approx):
1) Petroleum refinery production - 28%
2) Electricity generation - 20%
3) Steel production - 18%
4) Coal - 10%
5) crude oil - 9%
6) natural gas - 7%
7) cement - 5%
8) fertilizers - 3%
Total: 40.27%
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Rivers Mentioned in Rigveda!!!
Very Important!!!
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