📌Prelims Probable Topic #9

👉Terms in Digital Personal Data Protection Act.

1. Data Fiduciary: Entity that determines the purpose and means of processing personal data.

2. Data Principal: The individual to whom personal data relates (includes parents and lawful guardians).

3. Data Processor: A person or entity that processes personal data on behalf of a Data Fiduciary.

4. Digital Non-Personal Data: Data that cannot be used to identify an individual.

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🧶 Greetings, Aspirants!

This message is to inform you that we will summarize the following crucial areas for Prelims 2025:

👉 All Important Current Affairs Topics.
👉 All India Test Series of Prominent Institutions.
👉 Major Sports Developments.
👉 Key Static Topics.
👉 List of High-Yielding Topics (High Probability for Prelims 2025).

✅ Revise efficiently by searching:
🔹 #Prelims – for Current Affairs.
🔹 #Static – for Static Notes.

✅ Stay tuned! We will continue providing important materials for Prelims in the coming days. 👀

👍 All the best!

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📌Prelims Probable Topic No. 10: ‘Triple Test’ & Right to Privacy

✍The ‘Triple Test,’ established in K.S. Puttaswamy v. Union of India (2017), determines the validity of State actions affecting the Right to Privacy (Article 21). It includes:

1. Existence of a Law – Any restriction must be backed by legislation.

2. Legitimate State Aim – The law must serve a valid purpose like national security.

3. Test of Proportionality – The restriction must be necessary and least intrusive.

This test is crucial in privacy-related policies, surveillance, and data protection laws.
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#Goodmorning

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📌Prelims Probable Topic #11

🀄️When a superconductor is cooled below its critical temperature, it expels any existing magnetic fields from its interior, creating a magnetic shield around itself. This is known as the Meissner effect.

#Prelims2025
#highProbabilityTopic

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👆The Centre Tuesday notified the transfer of Justice Dinesh Kumar Sharma from the Delhi High Court to the Calcutta High Court, days after the Supreme Court Collegium recommended his transfer.

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📌US President Donald Trump announced a 26% “discounted reciprocal tariff” on Indian imports, citing India's high duties on US goods. He noted that India imposes a 56% tariff on American products, prompting the US to counter with a 26% levy.

#Prelims2025 Tariff & Reciprocal Tariff along with WTO - A very important Theme for Prelims 2025.

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📌Prelims Probable Topic No. 12 – Biodiversity Leak

👉Biodiversity leak occurs when conservation efforts in one area displace harmful activities (deforestation, overfishing, poaching) to unprotected regions, undermining overall biodiversity protection.

Examples:

1. A logging ban in one forest increases deforestation elsewhere.

2. Stricter fishing laws push illegal fishing to neighboring waters.

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📌UK-PCS Pre 2025 – On June 29.

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📌Prelims Priority Topic No. 13: Central Sector Schemes (CS) & Centrally Sponsored Schemes (CSS):

✅ Central Sector Schemes (CS):

Funding: Entirely funded by the Central Government (₹1.6 lakh crore in this Budget).

Implementation: Executed directly by Central Government ministries, agencies, or organizations.

Focus: Primarily covers subjects in the Union List, such as defense, railways, and national highways, where central intervention is essential.

Ex: MPLADS.

✅ Centrally Sponsored Schemes (CSS):

Funding: Jointly funded by the Central and State Governments, with a predetermined sharing ratio (e.g., 60:40, 90:10, or 75:25 depending on the scheme and state category). (₹5.4 lakh crore in this Budget).

Implementation: State Governments are responsible for executing these schemes as per central guidelines, ensuring regional customization.

Focus: Covers subjects in the State List and Concurrent List, focusing on welfare and development, where both central and state coordination is required.

Ex: MGNREGA, PMAY.

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#Goodmorning

⏳ 51 days only left CSP25[ 25-05-25]
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📌Prelims Probable Topic 14:

👉👉👉Exercise AIKYA🤏🤏🤏

Exercise AIKYA, organized by the National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) and the Southern Command of the Indian Army in Chennai, Tamil Nadu.

👉It aims to enhance disaster preparedness through simulations, technology integration, and expert insights. It fosters multi-agency coordination for effective disaster response and mitigation.

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📌Prelims Probable Topic 15: Early Warnings for All (EW4All)

What is EW4All: A UN initiative (2022) to ensure global early warning system (EWS) coverage by 2027.
👉 Led by WMO & UNDRR.

👉Why: Protects against hazardous weather, water, and climate events.
Requires $3.1 billion (2023-27) to strengthen 4 EWS pillars: Risk knowledge, Monitoring & forecasting, Warning dissemination, Preparedness & response.

👉Significance for India: IMD aiding Nepal, Maldives, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh & Mauritius in EWS development.

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📌Prelims Probable Topic 16: Renewable Energy Technology Action Platform (RETAP):

👉What: A joint India-US initiative announced in 2023 under the Strategic Clean Energy Partnership (SCEP).

👉Key Focus Areas: Promotes green hydrogen, wind energy, ocean/tidal energy, etc.

👉Recently, a virtual meet occurred.

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👆NCERT Notes for General Science.

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📌UPSC Prelims 2025: Expected Difficulty Level & Trends

👉Post-COVID Trends (2020-2024):

1. Increased Unpredictability: More emphasis on applied knowledge over rote learning.

2. Tougher CSAT: Higher weightage on comprehension and logical reasoning.

3. More Analytical GS Paper: Interdisciplinary questions, deeper factual analysis.

4. Environment & Science Tech Surge: Higher focus on climate change, space tech, and AI.

👉 Prelims 2025 Expectation:

1. Moderate to Tough Level: Similar unpredictability, more conceptual questions.

2. CSAT Still Challenging: Aspirants must prepare beyond basic aptitude.

3. More Dynamic Current Affairs: Direct and applied questions based on recent global issues.

📌Source: Chatgpt.

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👆CAPF Interview Schedule.

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📌Prelims Probable Topic 16:

👉 Community/Tribe in News🤏🤏

1. Alawites – They are in the news due to persecution by the new Syrian authorities. Their prominent locations include Latakia, Tartus, and Homs regions of Syria.

2. Kurds: The Syrian government has reached a deal with the Kurdish-led SDF to integrate the northeast region. Spread across Turkey, Iran, Iraq, Syria & Armenia.

3. Yazidi: The community is in focus due to the 10th anniversary of the Yazidi genocide. Primarily located in Iraq.

4. Bahai – This is Iran’s largest non-Muslim minority, currently facing repression, including arbitrary arrests and property confiscation. Their major presence is in Iran.

5. Amazigh (Berbers) – The Amazigh tribes are known for their custom of painting faces, a practice that has drawn attention recently. They primarily inhabit the Atlas Mountains in Morocco.

6. Oromo & Amhara – These ethnic groups of Ethiopia are in the news for various socio-political issues. They are mainly found in Ethiopia.

7. Swahili – This coastal ethnic community of East Africa. They are located along the coastline of East Africa from Somalia to Mozambique.

8. Maasai: Known for their semi-nomadic pastoral lifestyle. They are predominantly found in Kenya & Tanzania.

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📌Prelims Probable Topic 17:

👨‍💻Major Armed Groups & Regions

1. March 23 Movement (M23) – Active in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC).

2. CODECO – A militia group in the Ituri region of DRC, mainly associated with the Lendu community.

3. Fano – Operates in the Amhara region of Ethiopia.

4. Tigray People's Liberation Front (TPLF) – A key force in the Tigray region of Ethiopia.

5. Houthis – Based in Yemen, playing a central role in the country's ongoing conflict.

6. Al-Shabaab – A militant group operating primarily in Somalia.

7. Boko Haram – Known for insurgency and terrorism in Nigeria.

8. FARC (Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia) – A guerrilla movement in Colombia.

9. Arakan Army – A rebel group in Myanmar.

10. Kachin Rebels – Also active in Myanmar, involved in ethnic conflicts.

11. Ta’ang National Liberation Army (TNLA) – Another Myanmar-based armed group.

12. Al-Nusra Front – Operates in Syria and has been involved in the country's civil war.

13. Hayat Tahrir Al-Sham (HTS) – An extremist faction active in Syria.

14. Hamas – A significant political and militant group in Gaza.

15. Hezbollah – A Lebanon-based armed political movement.

16. Rapid Support Forces (RSF):A powerful paramilitary force in Sudan.

17. Kurdistan Workers’ Party (PKK) – Based in Turkey, involved in Kurdish nationalist movements.

18. Taliban – Governs Afghanistan and has a long history of insurgency.

19. Balochistan Liberation Army (BLA) – A separatist group operating in Pakistan.
#Prelims2025 #Important

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📌Prelims Probable Topic 18: Sunita Williams’ Extended Space Stay and Return – Key S&T Dimensions:

A. Space Missions and Related Agencies

1. Boeing Starliner – Features, objectives, significance, comparison with SpaceX Crew Dragon.

2. NASA’s Commercial Crew Program (CCP) – Purpose, private participation in human spaceflight.

3. International Space Station (ISS) – Structure, function, participating countries.

4. Crewed vs Uncrewed Missions – Examples, differences, India’s roadmap (Gaganyaan).

5. Emergency Protocols in Space – Rescue modules, contingency planning.

B. Spacecraft Design and Technology

6. Reusable Launch Vehicles (RLVs) – Concept, Indian efforts.

7. Propulsion Technologies – Chemical vs Ion propulsion, relevance in long-duration missions.

8. Docking Mechanism in Spacecraft – Autonomous vs manual, key tech.

9. Life Support Systems in Spacecraft – Oxygen recycling, CO₂ removal, water purification.

10. Orbital Mechanics – Low Earth Orbit (LEO), re-entry, escape velocity.

C. Space Medicine and Human Spaceflight:
11. Microgravity Effects on Human Body – Muscle atrophy, bone loss, psychological impact.

12. Space Radiation and Protection – Van Allen Belts, shielding tech.

13. Long-duration Space Missions – Physiological challenges, mission planning.

14. Medical Emergency Handling in Space – Telemedicine, onboard diagnostic tools.

D. Emerging Space Technologies

15. Artificial Intelligence in Space Missions – Fault detection, autonomous navigation.

16. Robotic Arms and EVA (Extra Vehicular Activity) – Applications and innovations.

17. Thermal Protection Systems (TPS) – For safe re-entry.

E. International Collaborations & Ethics

18. NASA-ISRO Collaborations – NISAR mission, relevance for India.

19. Private Players in Space Exploration – Boeing, SpaceX, Blue Origin – significance.

20. Ethics of Space Travel & Space Debris Management – Legal frameworks, sustainability.

F. India-Specific Relevance

21. Gaganyaan Mission: Status, training protocols, Indian astronauts’ prep.

22. ISRO’s Human Spaceflight Program (HSP) – Infrastructure and challenges.

23. In-Space Startups in India – Skyroot, Agnikul, their relevance to human spaceflight.

#Prelims2025 #highProbabilityTopic
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