GS-3 Science and Technology.pdf
1.1 MB
We have compiled a research-based document focusing on the GS- 3 Science and Technology section of the UPSC mains. It includes previous year's questions covering crucial themes and potential topics expected in the upcoming Mains 2023 examination, aligned with UPSC's trends. Take advantage of this resource to tailor your preparation to meet the exam's requirements.
Best of luck!
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Best of luck!
Join & Share: @UPSCFIX
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👇15th FC for 2021-26👇
✅ Vertical Devolution: The share of states in the central taxes for the 2021-26 period is recommended to be 41%
✅ Criteria for horizontal devolution: Income distance (45%), Population-2011 ( 15%), Area (15%), Demographic performance ( 12.5%), Forest and ecology ( 10%), Tax effort (2.5%)
✅ Commission was also asked to examine whether a separate mechanism for funding of defense and internal security ought to be set up
✅ Six broad areas are identified to provide performance-based incentives to States: implement Agriculture reforms, Development of Aspirational Districts and Aspirational Blocks, Power Sector Reforms, Enhancing Trade including Exports, Incentives for Education, Promotion of Domestic and International Tourism
✅Recommended a total of Rs 90,000 crore for grants to the local bodies in 2020-21
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✅ Vertical Devolution: The share of states in the central taxes for the 2021-26 period is recommended to be 41%
✅ Criteria for horizontal devolution: Income distance (45%), Population-2011 ( 15%), Area (15%), Demographic performance ( 12.5%), Forest and ecology ( 10%), Tax effort (2.5%)
✅ Commission was also asked to examine whether a separate mechanism for funding of defense and internal security ought to be set up
✅ Six broad areas are identified to provide performance-based incentives to States: implement Agriculture reforms, Development of Aspirational Districts and Aspirational Blocks, Power Sector Reforms, Enhancing Trade including Exports, Incentives for Education, Promotion of Domestic and International Tourism
✅Recommended a total of Rs 90,000 crore for grants to the local bodies in 2020-21
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👇Altruism— Useful for Ethics👇
✅ Meaning- Altruism means acting in the best interest of others rather than in one’s own self-interest. Altruism or selflessness is the opposite of selfishness.
✅Quote- The Best Way to Find Yourself Is To Lose Yourself In The Service Of Others’ – Mahatma Gandhi
✅ Example- Good Samaritans are driven by altruism to help road users involved in a crash.
✅ Darwin argued altruism, which he called “sympathy” or “benevolence,” is “an essential part of social instinct
✅ It also builds social connections. For example, studies show that people who are altruistic tend to be happier, to be healthier, and to live longer
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✅ Meaning- Altruism means acting in the best interest of others rather than in one’s own self-interest. Altruism or selflessness is the opposite of selfishness.
✅Quote- The Best Way to Find Yourself Is To Lose Yourself In The Service Of Others’ – Mahatma Gandhi
✅ Example- Good Samaritans are driven by altruism to help road users involved in a crash.
✅ Darwin argued altruism, which he called “sympathy” or “benevolence,” is “an essential part of social instinct
✅ It also builds social connections. For example, studies show that people who are altruistic tend to be happier, to be healthier, and to live longer
Join&Share: @UPSCFIX
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👉West Bengal announced the setting up of a ‘mangrove cell
👉Objective- plantation and maintenance of mangroves, coordinate with NGOs, generate funds from private and international sectors.
✅About Mangroves-
✔️salt-tolerant, found in tropical and subtropical regions
✔️ important refuges of biodiversity and bio-shields against extreme climatic events.
✔️Distributed across 9 States and 3UTs
✔️West Bengal>Gujarat
✔️Among states, Kerala and among UTs, Puducherry have least Mangroves cover.
✔️40% of world’s mangrove found in SE Asia and South Asia
✔️Gujarat shows maximum increase
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👉Objective- plantation and maintenance of mangroves, coordinate with NGOs, generate funds from private and international sectors.
✅About Mangroves-
✔️salt-tolerant, found in tropical and subtropical regions
✔️ important refuges of biodiversity and bio-shields against extreme climatic events.
✔️Distributed across 9 States and 3UTs
✔️West Bengal>Gujarat
✔️Among states, Kerala and among UTs, Puducherry have least Mangroves cover.
✔️40% of world’s mangrove found in SE Asia and South Asia
✔️Gujarat shows maximum increase
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👆 No Confidence Motion👆
👉Context- Recently, Lok Sabha Speaker accepted the Opposition’s no confidence motion against the Government
✔️The procedure laid down under Rule 198 of the rules of procedure and conduct of the Lok Sabha.
✔️ Any Lok Sabha MP who can garner the support of 50 colleagues can introduce
✔️It is moved in writing and must be submitted to the Speaker on any day on which the House is sitting.
✔️Speaker will decide whether to admit the motion
✔️Not require specific grounds to be mentioned, even if mentioned,not form part of the motion.
✔️Voting can be conducted through a voice vote, division vote (using electronic gadgets, slips, or a ballot box), or a secret ballot vote.
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👉Context- Recently, Lok Sabha Speaker accepted the Opposition’s no confidence motion against the Government
✔️The procedure laid down under Rule 198 of the rules of procedure and conduct of the Lok Sabha.
✔️ Any Lok Sabha MP who can garner the support of 50 colleagues can introduce
✔️It is moved in writing and must be submitted to the Speaker on any day on which the House is sitting.
✔️Speaker will decide whether to admit the motion
✔️Not require specific grounds to be mentioned, even if mentioned,not form part of the motion.
✔️Voting can be conducted through a voice vote, division vote (using electronic gadgets, slips, or a ballot box), or a secret ballot vote.
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Forwarded from UPSC Geography by Himanshu sir & Pranjal Sir
👆U.N. chief Antonio Guterres on July 27 pleaded for immediate radical action on climate change, saying that record-shattering July temperatures show Earth has passed from a warming phase into an “era of global boiling.
What do you Think❓
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What do you Think❓
Join: @himanshu_Sir_1
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👆Important for UPSC Pre-2024👆
👉 Context- Hundreds of zero FIRs registered in police station across Manipur
✔️No regular FIR number is assigned at this stage
✔️ It is transferred to the relevant police station
✔️ It was introduced on the recommendation of the Justice Verma Committee formed at the backdrop of the brutal Nirbhaya gang rape
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👉 Context- Hundreds of zero FIRs registered in police station across Manipur
✔️No regular FIR number is assigned at this stage
✔️ It is transferred to the relevant police station
✔️ It was introduced on the recommendation of the Justice Verma Committee formed at the backdrop of the brutal Nirbhaya gang rape
Join&Share: @UPSCFIX
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👆African Lakes- Imp for UPSC Pre 2024👆
1) Lake Turkan- Northern Kenya
2) Lake Kyoga- Uganda
3) Lake Albert- Uganda and Democratic republic of Congo
4) Lake Edward- Uganda and Democratic republic of Congo
5) Lake Kivu- Rwanda and Democratic republic of Congo
6) Lake Tangonyika- Burundi, Democratic republic of Congo, Tanzania and Zambia
7) Lake Rukwa- Tanzania
8) Lake Malawi- Tanzania, Malawi and Mozambique
9) Lake Mweru- Democratic Republic of Congo and Zambia
10) Lake Victoria- Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania
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1) Lake Turkan- Northern Kenya
2) Lake Kyoga- Uganda
3) Lake Albert- Uganda and Democratic republic of Congo
4) Lake Edward- Uganda and Democratic republic of Congo
5) Lake Kivu- Rwanda and Democratic republic of Congo
6) Lake Tangonyika- Burundi, Democratic republic of Congo, Tanzania and Zambia
7) Lake Rukwa- Tanzania
8) Lake Malawi- Tanzania, Malawi and Mozambique
9) Lake Mweru- Democratic Republic of Congo and Zambia
10) Lake Victoria- Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania
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👆Important Glaciers-For UPSC Pre 2024👆
👉News Context- A study by scientists has found that three glacial lakes are likely to form around Parkachik Glacier
👉 Parkachik Glacier-
✔️ located in Kargil, Ladakh
✔️one of the largest glaciers in the Suru River valley
✔️The Suru River valley is a part of the southern Zanskar Ranges in the western Himalayas.
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👉News Context- A study by scientists has found that three glacial lakes are likely to form around Parkachik Glacier
👉 Parkachik Glacier-
✔️ located in Kargil, Ladakh
✔️one of the largest glaciers in the Suru River valley
✔️The Suru River valley is a part of the southern Zanskar Ranges in the western Himalayas.
Join & Share: @UPSCFIX
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GS-3 Economy.pdf
1.3 MB
We have compiled a research-based document focusing on the GS- 3 economy section of the UPSC mains. It includes previous year's questions covering crucial themes and potential topics expected in the upcoming Mains 2023 examination, aligned with UPSC's trends. Take advantage of this resource to tailor your preparation to meet the exam's requirements.
Best of luck!
Join and Share: @UPSCFIX
Best of luck!
Join and Share: @UPSCFIX
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👆Important for UPSC Pre-2024
👉 India's Tiger Population up, MP. has most big cats
✔️Tiger population increased to 3,682 in 2022, up from 2,967 in 2018
✔️The reserves with the maximum number of tigers were at the Corbett National Park in Uttarakhand, followed by Bandipur and Nagarhole (both in Karnataka)
✔️Central India, the Shivalik Hills, and the Gangetic plains witnessed increases in tiger population, particularly in the states of Madhya Pradesh, Uttarakhand, and Maharashtra.
✔️Western Ghats, experienced localised declines
Some States — including Mizoram, Nagaland, Jharkhand, Goa, Chhattisgarh, and Arunachal Pradesh — have reported “disquieting trends”
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👉 India's Tiger Population up, MP. has most big cats
✔️Tiger population increased to 3,682 in 2022, up from 2,967 in 2018
✔️The reserves with the maximum number of tigers were at the Corbett National Park in Uttarakhand, followed by Bandipur and Nagarhole (both in Karnataka)
✔️Central India, the Shivalik Hills, and the Gangetic plains witnessed increases in tiger population, particularly in the states of Madhya Pradesh, Uttarakhand, and Maharashtra.
✔️Western Ghats, experienced localised declines
Some States — including Mizoram, Nagaland, Jharkhand, Goa, Chhattisgarh, and Arunachal Pradesh — have reported “disquieting trends”
Join & Share: @UPSCFIX
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👉Urea Gold- Very Important for UPSC Pre- 2024
✔️ Urea Gold is a new variety of urea coated with sulphur
✔️ It is designed to address sulphur deficiencies in the soil
✔️It facilitates a gradual release of nitrogen, thereby enhancing its availability and uptake by crops.
✔️The inclusion of humic acid in Urea Gold further extends its lifespan as a fertilizer
Join & Share: @UPSCFIX
✔️ Urea Gold is a new variety of urea coated with sulphur
✔️ It is designed to address sulphur deficiencies in the soil
✔️It facilitates a gradual release of nitrogen, thereby enhancing its availability and uptake by crops.
✔️The inclusion of humic acid in Urea Gold further extends its lifespan as a fertilizer
Join & Share: @UPSCFIX
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👉 Cell-free DNA (cfDNA)- Scientists have figured out the application of the Cell-free DNA.
✔️cfDNA found in the bloodstream and other fluids present in the body, but Normal DNA Found within the cell nucleus or mitochondria.
✔️ It exists in Fragmented form.
✔️Cell death and other physiological processes, for example, can both manufacture and release cfDNA from the cells.
✔️Applications- 1) screening foetuses for specific chromosomal abnormalities. 2) understand human diseases. 3) understanding why a body is rejecting a transplanted organ;
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✔️cfDNA found in the bloodstream and other fluids present in the body, but Normal DNA Found within the cell nucleus or mitochondria.
✔️ It exists in Fragmented form.
✔️Cell death and other physiological processes, for example, can both manufacture and release cfDNA from the cells.
✔️Applications- 1) screening foetuses for specific chromosomal abnormalities. 2) understand human diseases. 3) understanding why a body is rejecting a transplanted organ;
Join & Share: @UPSCFIX
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👆Greetings Aspirants👆
👉Batch-4 of our Geography Optional Foundation Classroom Programme for this year will commence on 7th August 2023 (Monday (Both Online + Offline.) [By Himanshu Sir & Pranjal Sir].
👉Kindly note that 1st Lecture is open to all students. (both Online & Offline).
🛑 Prepare your Geography Optional with the Best Team & Best Content with Main focus on Answer Writing & Revision.
📌Seats are limited, so Enroll quickly before we close the admissions. For More Information, CALL: 9540226688, 9718793363
👉Join: @himanshu_Sir_1
👉Batch-4 of our Geography Optional Foundation Classroom Programme for this year will commence on 7th August 2023 (Monday (Both Online + Offline.) [By Himanshu Sir & Pranjal Sir].
👉Kindly note that 1st Lecture is open to all students. (both Online & Offline).
🛑 Prepare your Geography Optional with the Best Team & Best Content with Main focus on Answer Writing & Revision.
📌Seats are limited, so Enroll quickly before we close the admissions. For More Information, CALL: 9540226688, 9718793363
👉Join: @himanshu_Sir_1
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👉 Important for UPSC Pre-2024
👉 Context- ISRO rocket debris falls on Australian shore
✅Convention on International Liability for Damage Caused by Space Objects-1972
✔️Launching country absolutely liable to pay compensation for any damage caused by its space object on the earth or to a flight in air.
✔️In cases of joint space launches both nations are jointly and severally liable for damages
✔️Convention confines claims solely to the state level
✔️However, there is no law against space junk crashing back to earth.
Join & Share: @UPSCFIX
👉 Context- ISRO rocket debris falls on Australian shore
✅Convention on International Liability for Damage Caused by Space Objects-1972
✔️Launching country absolutely liable to pay compensation for any damage caused by its space object on the earth or to a flight in air.
✔️In cases of joint space launches both nations are jointly and severally liable for damages
✔️Convention confines claims solely to the state level
✔️However, there is no law against space junk crashing back to earth.
Join & Share: @UPSCFIX
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👉 Important for UPSC Pre 2024
👉Context- Central government is working on a proposal to launch a fresh InvIT for national highways
✍ what is Infrastructure investment trust (InvIT):
✔️similar to a mutual fund, which enables direct investment of money from individual and institutional investors in infrastructure projects
✔️This can be established as a trust and registered with Sebi
✔️Like mutual funds, they have a trustee, sponsor(s), investment manager and project manager.
✔️While the trustee (certified by Sebi) has the responsibility of inspecting the performance of an InvIT, sponsor(s) are promoters of the company that set up the InvIT.
Join &Share: @UPSCFIX
👉Context- Central government is working on a proposal to launch a fresh InvIT for national highways
✍ what is Infrastructure investment trust (InvIT):
✔️similar to a mutual fund, which enables direct investment of money from individual and institutional investors in infrastructure projects
✔️This can be established as a trust and registered with Sebi
✔️Like mutual funds, they have a trustee, sponsor(s), investment manager and project manager.
✔️While the trustee (certified by Sebi) has the responsibility of inspecting the performance of an InvIT, sponsor(s) are promoters of the company that set up the InvIT.
Join &Share: @UPSCFIX
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👆Context- ISRO recently performed the TransLunar Injection (TLI) to slingshot Chandrayaan-3 towards the moon
👉 About TLI
✔️It enable spacecraft to escape Earth's gravitational pull and travel to the Moon.
✔️TLI is performed when the spacecraft is at a ‘perigee’ or the closest point to Earth.
✔️Once TLI completed, the spacecraft is put on a lunar trajectory, and it will continue its journey to the Moon without further propulsion from Earth.
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👉 About TLI
✔️It enable spacecraft to escape Earth's gravitational pull and travel to the Moon.
✔️TLI is performed when the spacecraft is at a ‘perigee’ or the closest point to Earth.
✔️Once TLI completed, the spacecraft is put on a lunar trajectory, and it will continue its journey to the Moon without further propulsion from Earth.
Join & Share:@UPSCFIX
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👉 Important for UPSC Pre -2024
👉 Context- The government has set a deadline for mandatory implementation of the Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) in India pharmaceutical industries to bring them on par with WHO standard.
✔️GMP are a set of quality management and regulatory guidelines.
✔️Companies with a turnover of over Rs 250 crore will have to implement
✔️To ensure safe and high-quality products, especially in industries such as pharmaceuticals, food and beverages, cosmetics etc., where product quality and safety are critical.
✔️Objective is to minimize risks that can arise from errors, contamination, or deviations during the manufacturing process.
✔️This was after several countries reporting deaths allegedly linked to contaminated India-manufactured drugs.
Join and Share: @UPSCFIX
👉 Context- The government has set a deadline for mandatory implementation of the Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) in India pharmaceutical industries to bring them on par with WHO standard.
✔️GMP are a set of quality management and regulatory guidelines.
✔️Companies with a turnover of over Rs 250 crore will have to implement
✔️To ensure safe and high-quality products, especially in industries such as pharmaceuticals, food and beverages, cosmetics etc., where product quality and safety are critical.
✔️Objective is to minimize risks that can arise from errors, contamination, or deviations during the manufacturing process.
✔️This was after several countries reporting deaths allegedly linked to contaminated India-manufactured drugs.
Join and Share: @UPSCFIX
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🤝GREETINGS ASPIRANTS🤝
🚨Countdown to Prelims - 295 DAYS🚨
🚨As the countdown for UPSC-CSE is underway, We, at UPSC FIX are introducing PRELIMS CONNECT to aid the Current Affairs Preparation.
🔴 One Page per day having all the information from the Prelims point of view.
🔴 1-2 high-quality MCQs every day to prepare candidates holistically.
🔴 The 1- Pager Prelims Connect is a thoughtful compilation made after accessing the major newspapers, PIB and various Daily Compilations available across the platform.
🔴 We have successfully predicted questions from the same approach in the last years as well. The proof of which can be accessed on this channel only.
Join and Share: https://t.me/UPSCFIX
🚨Countdown to Prelims - 295 DAYS🚨
🚨As the countdown for UPSC-CSE is underway, We, at UPSC FIX are introducing PRELIMS CONNECT to aid the Current Affairs Preparation.
🔴 One Page per day having all the information from the Prelims point of view.
🔴 1-2 high-quality MCQs every day to prepare candidates holistically.
🔴 The 1- Pager Prelims Connect is a thoughtful compilation made after accessing the major newspapers, PIB and various Daily Compilations available across the platform.
🔴 We have successfully predicted questions from the same approach in the last years as well. The proof of which can be accessed on this channel only.
Join and Share: https://t.me/UPSCFIX
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