#EC252
[Lecture 5]

the toString() method and how it's used

https://www.javatpoint.com/understanding-toString()-method

#EC252
[Lecture 5]
الفرق بين ميثود
nextDouble() و
nextGaussian()

https://stackoverflow.com/questions/34961054/whats-the-difference-between-nextgaussian-and-nextdouble-in-java-random-class

#EC252
ملخص سلايد الدكتور
[Lecture 5]

• an object is always created from its class by calling the method (the constructor) that creates the object with the command new

• a class has to define what methods and attributes the objects created from the class will have

• defining attributes within an object is done in quite a familiar fashion as normal variable

• writing the keyword private before attributes makes them hidden within the object and not show outside of it

• hiding things within an object is called encapsulation

• variables defined within a class are called object variables, object fields or object attributes.

• the 'state' of the object is determined by the values that have been set to its variables

• self-defined objects are created in the same way as ready-made objects, with the new command

•  a constructor is a method used to instantiate and initialize objects
•  it must have the same name as the class
•  does not have a return type
•  is invoked using the new operator

• if you don't create a constructor for your class, java will automatically create a default constructor
• a default constructor is a zero-argument constructor (takes no parameters), with an empty body, and can only be used to create objects from the class

• toString() : is a method that returns a string representation
• the System.out.println method requests the string representation of an object and then prints it, so..

System.out.println( objectName );
// same output as
System.out.println( objectName.toString );

• the "this" keyword
is a refrence to the object itself (another name for the object)
It's used before the dot operator "." to:
- reference instance data fields
- reference instance methods
- invoke a constructor

• String.format("%.2f, value);
returns a string where the value is rounded to contain 2 decimals

• when calling an object's method within the object, you can ditch the "this" keyword


• Random: is a ready-made class in java you can use to create objects that has the following methods:

.nextInt();
can be given an integer value as a parameter
returns a random integer within the range [0, parameter-1]

.nextDouble();
doesn't accept any parameters
returns the next pseudorandom, "uniformly" distributed double value between 0.0 and 1.0 from this random number generator's sequence

.nextGaussian();
doesn't accept any parameters
returns the next pseudorandom, Gaussian "normally" distributed double value with mean 0.0 and standard deviation 1.0 from this random number generator's sequence

مواقع مهمة
1- أسئلة على أغلب المواضيع المقررة https://www.examveda.com/mcq-question-on-java-program/

2-*️⃣ 50 سؤال في الجافا
https://www.interviewbit.com/java-mcq/amp/

3- أسئلة متنوعة -ما بين السهل والمتوسط-
https://www.examtiger.com/mcq/java-programming-questions-answers/

4- موقع مهم
https://www.sanfoundry.com/java-mcqs-integer-floating-data-types/

5- flash card لأهم المفاهيم
https://quizlet.com/178995602/java-object-oriented-programming-final-exam-review-flash-cards/?funnelUUID=6358002d-e7bb-4153-89ca-0e79cd40e5e8

Java naming conventions:
Class names: Capitalize the first letter in each name (Pascal).

Variables and method names: Lowercase the first word, capitalize the first letter in all subsequent words (camelCase).

Constants: Capitalize all letters.
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#EC252 midterm
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