In chapter 13 of biographia litereria Coleridge describes about fancy and imagination
👉 In 15 the chapter of biographia literaria is the definition of creative imagination
👉Robert Browning's Rabbia Ben Ezra is a defense of old age against youth
👉John Donne's last poem is "A hymn to God the Father"
👉Galsworthy refused the offer of a Knighthood in 1917
👉First folio 1623 was published by Heming and condell of Shakespeare
👉"Take o take those lips away" is from Measure for measure by Shakespeare
👉" Peter bell" by www a poem written as a reply to Coleridge's The Rime of the ancient mariner
👉" Curan" appears in Shakespeare's king Lear
👉Henry 8th is also known as " All is true" 1612
👉Shakespeare's last plays are four heterogeneous comedies
🐬Pericles 1607
🐬Cymbeline 1610
🐬The winter's tale 1609
🐬The tmpest 1610-11
👉Child Harold's pilgrimage a poem by lord Byron in Spenserian stanzas of which first two cantos in 1812, canto three in 1816, canto four in 1818
👉Coleridge's statement that "imagination dissolves, diffuses, dissipates in order to recreate ....", relates to primary imagination
👉The title " sound and fury " is taken from Macbeth
👉Epistle to Dr Arbuthnot by Pope begins with the line
" Shut, shut the door, good john fatigued I said..'""
👉Present fears/ are less than horrible imagination " is the line from Macbeth
👉Relationship is a long poem by kamla das
👉 J.M. coetzee's " For" is a postmodern retelling of Robinson Crusoe
👉The concept " Star equilibrium " in connection with man woman relationship appears in Women in love.
👉Mary Shelley's Frankenstein is dedicated to William Godwin her father..
👉 The motto " only connect " is taken from E.M.Forester's Howards End
👉 "kubla khan" takes an epigraph from Samuel purchas' " purchase His Pilgrimage "
👉 In 15 the chapter of biographia literaria is the definition of creative imagination
👉Robert Browning's Rabbia Ben Ezra is a defense of old age against youth
👉John Donne's last poem is "A hymn to God the Father"
👉Galsworthy refused the offer of a Knighthood in 1917
👉First folio 1623 was published by Heming and condell of Shakespeare
👉"Take o take those lips away" is from Measure for measure by Shakespeare
👉" Peter bell" by www a poem written as a reply to Coleridge's The Rime of the ancient mariner
👉" Curan" appears in Shakespeare's king Lear
👉Henry 8th is also known as " All is true" 1612
👉Shakespeare's last plays are four heterogeneous comedies
🐬Pericles 1607
🐬Cymbeline 1610
🐬The winter's tale 1609
🐬The tmpest 1610-11
👉Child Harold's pilgrimage a poem by lord Byron in Spenserian stanzas of which first two cantos in 1812, canto three in 1816, canto four in 1818
👉Coleridge's statement that "imagination dissolves, diffuses, dissipates in order to recreate ....", relates to primary imagination
👉The title " sound and fury " is taken from Macbeth
👉Epistle to Dr Arbuthnot by Pope begins with the line
" Shut, shut the door, good john fatigued I said..'""
👉Present fears/ are less than horrible imagination " is the line from Macbeth
👉Relationship is a long poem by kamla das
👉 J.M. coetzee's " For" is a postmodern retelling of Robinson Crusoe
👉The concept " Star equilibrium " in connection with man woman relationship appears in Women in love.
👉Mary Shelley's Frankenstein is dedicated to William Godwin her father..
👉 The motto " only connect " is taken from E.M.Forester's Howards End
👉 "kubla khan" takes an epigraph from Samuel purchas' " purchase His Pilgrimage "
Forwarded from Deleted Account
NET SET English
This group has been created for lover of literature and those candidate who are preparing UGC Net and Set Examination.
https://t.me/UGCNETSET
This group has been created for lover of literature and those candidate who are preparing UGC Net and Set Examination.
https://t.me/UGCNETSET
Telegram
NTA-NET SET English
This group has been created for lover of literature and those candidate who are preparing UGC Net and Set Examination.
CLEANTH BROOKS:
Cleanth Brooks was an American literary critic and professor. He is best known for his contributions to New Criticism in the mid-20th century and for revolutionizing the teaching of poetry in American higher education.
His best-known works, The Well Wrought Urn: Studies in the Structure of Poetry (1947) and Modern Poetry and the Tradition (1939), argue for the centrality of ambiguity and paradox as a way of understanding poetry. With his writing, Brooks helped to formulate formalist criticism, emphasizing "the interior life of a poem" and codifying the principles of close reading.
Brooks was also the preeminent critic of Southern literature, writing classic texts on William Faulkner, and co-founder of the influential journal The Southern Review with Robert Penn Warren.
Brooks was the central figure of New Criticism, a movement that emphasized structural and textual analysis—close reading—over historical or biographical analysis. Brooks advocates close reading because, as he states in The Well Wrought Urn, "by making the closest examination of what the poem says as a poem" , a critic can effectively interpret and explicate the text. For him, the crux of New Criticism is that literary study be "concerned primarily with the work itself"
Cleanth Brooks was an American literary critic and professor. He is best known for his contributions to New Criticism in the mid-20th century and for revolutionizing the teaching of poetry in American higher education.
His best-known works, The Well Wrought Urn: Studies in the Structure of Poetry (1947) and Modern Poetry and the Tradition (1939), argue for the centrality of ambiguity and paradox as a way of understanding poetry. With his writing, Brooks helped to formulate formalist criticism, emphasizing "the interior life of a poem" and codifying the principles of close reading.
Brooks was also the preeminent critic of Southern literature, writing classic texts on William Faulkner, and co-founder of the influential journal The Southern Review with Robert Penn Warren.
Brooks was the central figure of New Criticism, a movement that emphasized structural and textual analysis—close reading—over historical or biographical analysis. Brooks advocates close reading because, as he states in The Well Wrought Urn, "by making the closest examination of what the poem says as a poem" , a critic can effectively interpret and explicate the text. For him, the crux of New Criticism is that literary study be "concerned primarily with the work itself"
🌸Main Difference – Realism vs Naturalism
✨While Realism and Naturalism are two separate literary movements, they are closely linked and sometimes used interchangeably. This is because both movements portray life as it is. These movements depicted believable, natural or real everyday activities and experiences. However, there exists a significant difference between realism and naturalism. Realism sought to represent real life whereas naturalism sought to represent life in a more scientific, almost clinical manner than realism. This is the main difference between realism and naturalism.
🎈What is Realism?
✨Realism is a literary movement that began in the middle of the nineteenth century in France and spread across Europe. This movement can be defined as a reaction against Romanticism. Realistic literature depicts ordinary people in everyday situations. They depicted events that could happen to anyone in real life. Realism portrays life as it is, without idealizing, flattering or romanticizing.
Before Realism, the literature tended to focus on nobles, royals, and divinity which were of little relevance to the middle classes. But Realism movement broke this convention by portraying characters that belong to working classes. There were no great heroes; the protagonists were ordinary characters with whom the audience can identify with.
Realistic literature also paid great attention to detail; this was necessary to create a realistic feel and effect. The language used in literature during this period was also ordinary, unlike in Romantic period. Common vernacular and dialects were used to render the texts more believable and realistic. Flaubert’s Madame Bovary, Ibsen’s Doll’s House, Tolstoy’s War and Peace, Dickens’s Great Expectations, and Thomas Hardy’s Jude the Obscure are some examples of realistic literature.
🎈What is Naturalism?
✨Naturalism proceeded from realism is often referred to as a logical outgrowth of literary Realism. It can be considered as an exaggerated form of realism since it used detailed realism to propose that social conditions, heredity, and environment were the three main forces in shaping human character.
Naturalism was heavily influenced by theories of Charles Darwin and naturalistic authors attempted to apply scientific theories to literature. Therefore, they often took a detached and clinical tone. Naturalism often portrayed lower-class characters and themes involving violence and taboo activities. Naturalistic novels are typically pessimistic in nature.
The work of the French novelist Emile Zola is often considered to be the origins of the Naturalistic movement. His Les Rougon-Macquart is considered to be one of the finest works in Naturalistic movement. Stephen Crane’s Maggie: A Girl of the Streets, Jack London’s To Build A Fire, John Steinbeck’s The Grapes of Wrath are some examples of Naturalistic novels
🌿Difference Between Realism and Naturalism
🎋Definition
🎈Realism is a literary movement characterized by the representation of real life.
🎈Naturalism is an outgrowth of literary realism, influenced by scientific theories.
🎋Portrayal of People
🎈
Realism portrayed the everyday life of ordinary people.
🎈Naturalism portrayed how environment, heredity, and social conditions control the human being.
🎋Characters
🎈Realism depicted middle-class characters.
🎈Naturalism depicted lower class characters.
🎋Themes
🎈Realistic novels used themes like society, social class, mobility, etc.
🎈Naturalistic novels were written on themes of violence, poverty, corruption, prostitution, etc.
✨While Realism and Naturalism are two separate literary movements, they are closely linked and sometimes used interchangeably. This is because both movements portray life as it is. These movements depicted believable, natural or real everyday activities and experiences. However, there exists a significant difference between realism and naturalism. Realism sought to represent real life whereas naturalism sought to represent life in a more scientific, almost clinical manner than realism. This is the main difference between realism and naturalism.
🎈What is Realism?
✨Realism is a literary movement that began in the middle of the nineteenth century in France and spread across Europe. This movement can be defined as a reaction against Romanticism. Realistic literature depicts ordinary people in everyday situations. They depicted events that could happen to anyone in real life. Realism portrays life as it is, without idealizing, flattering or romanticizing.
Before Realism, the literature tended to focus on nobles, royals, and divinity which were of little relevance to the middle classes. But Realism movement broke this convention by portraying characters that belong to working classes. There were no great heroes; the protagonists were ordinary characters with whom the audience can identify with.
Realistic literature also paid great attention to detail; this was necessary to create a realistic feel and effect. The language used in literature during this period was also ordinary, unlike in Romantic period. Common vernacular and dialects were used to render the texts more believable and realistic. Flaubert’s Madame Bovary, Ibsen’s Doll’s House, Tolstoy’s War and Peace, Dickens’s Great Expectations, and Thomas Hardy’s Jude the Obscure are some examples of realistic literature.
🎈What is Naturalism?
✨Naturalism proceeded from realism is often referred to as a logical outgrowth of literary Realism. It can be considered as an exaggerated form of realism since it used detailed realism to propose that social conditions, heredity, and environment were the three main forces in shaping human character.
Naturalism was heavily influenced by theories of Charles Darwin and naturalistic authors attempted to apply scientific theories to literature. Therefore, they often took a detached and clinical tone. Naturalism often portrayed lower-class characters and themes involving violence and taboo activities. Naturalistic novels are typically pessimistic in nature.
The work of the French novelist Emile Zola is often considered to be the origins of the Naturalistic movement. His Les Rougon-Macquart is considered to be one of the finest works in Naturalistic movement. Stephen Crane’s Maggie: A Girl of the Streets, Jack London’s To Build A Fire, John Steinbeck’s The Grapes of Wrath are some examples of Naturalistic novels
🌿Difference Between Realism and Naturalism
🎋Definition
🎈Realism is a literary movement characterized by the representation of real life.
🎈Naturalism is an outgrowth of literary realism, influenced by scientific theories.
🎋Portrayal of People
🎈
Realism portrayed the everyday life of ordinary people.
🎈Naturalism portrayed how environment, heredity, and social conditions control the human being.
🎋Characters
🎈Realism depicted middle-class characters.
🎈Naturalism depicted lower class characters.
🎋Themes
🎈Realistic novels used themes like society, social class, mobility, etc.
🎈Naturalistic novels were written on themes of violence, poverty, corruption, prostitution, etc.
English literature mcqs
@FATHER AND FOUNDERS’ LIST @
1. FATHER OF ENGLISH POETRY –CHAUCER
2. FATHER OF ENGLISH PROSE – KING ALFRED
3. FATHER OF ENGLISH NOVEL – HENRY FIELDING
4. FATHER OF ENGLISH MODERN PROSE – BACON
5. FATHER OF MODERN LINGUISTICS – BLOOMSFIELD
6. FATHER OF ENGLISH ESSAYS – BACON
7. FATHER OF ESSAYS – MONTAIGNE
8. FATHER OF AMERICAN TRANSCENDENTALISM – EMERSON
9. FATHER OF HISTORICAL NOVEL – SIR WALTER SCOTT
10. FATHER OF REVENGE TRAGEDY – THOMAS KYD
11. FATHER OF SECOND ENGLISH POETS – EDMUND SPENSER
12. PRINCE OF ENGLISH ESSAYIST – CHARLES LAMB
13. POETS POET – SPENSER
14. CRITICS CRITIC – HAZLITT
15. THE FOUNDER OF KNIGHT SCHOOL OF POETRY – MARLOWE
16. THE FOUNDER OF METAPHYSICAL SCHOOL OF POETRY – JOHN DONNE
17. THE FOUNDER OF LAKE SCHOOL OF POETRY – WORDSWORTH
18. THE FOUNDER OF SAITANIK SCHOOL OF POETRY – LORD BYRON
19. THE FOUNDER OF CHAUCER SOCIETY – FURNIVALL
20. THE FOUNDER OF SHAKESPEAREAN SOCEITY – STEELE
21. THE FOUNDER OF SONNET – PETRARCH
22. THE FOUNDER OF’THE CLUB’ – JOHNSON
23. THE FOUNDER OF SOCIETY FOR PURE ENGLISH – ROBERT BRIDGES
24. FOUNDER OF NEW SHAKESPEAREAN SOCIETY – FURNIVALL
25. FOUNDER OF THEOSOPHICAL SOCIETY – BALEVATSKY
26. FOUNDER OF T.G. GRAMMAR – NOAM CHOMSKY
27. FOUNDER OF SHELLY SOCIETY – STEELE\
28. FOUNDER OF TOUCHSTONE METHOD – MATHEW ARNOLD
29. FOUNDER OF PSYCHO-ANALYSIS – SIGMUND FREUD
30. FATHER OF PLAGIRIST – CHAUCER
31. FATHER OF PRE-RAPHELITE MOVEMENT – D.G. ROSSETTI
32. PRINCE OF PLAGIRIST – SHAKESPEARE
33. FATHER OF GOTHIC NOVELS – HORACE WALPOLE
34. FATHER OF ENGLISH DRAMA – CHRISTOPHER MARLOWE
35. MORNING STAR OF ENGLISH DRAMA – CHRISTOPHER MARLOWE
36. MORNING STAR OF REFORMATION – WYCLIFF
37. CHILD OF RENAISSANCE & REFORMATION – SPENSER
38. FOUNDER OF BRITISH SCHOOL OF LINGUISTICS – J.R. FIRTH
39. FOUNDER OF PRAMASAMAJ – DEVENDRANATH TAGORE
40. AUTHORISED VERISON OF THE BIBLE- KING JAMES I
41. EXPONENTS OF TRAGIC COMEDY – SHAKESPEARE
42. EXPONENT OF EPISTOLARY NOVEL – SAMUEL RICHARDSON
43. EXPONENT OF SPRUNG RHYTHM – G.M. HOPKINS
44. EXPONENT OF SOCIAL ESSAYS – FRANCIS BACON
45. EXPONENT OF REGIONAL NOVELS – THOMAS HARDY
46. EXPONENT OF DOMESTIC NOVELS – JANE AUSTEN
47. EXPONENT OF DRAMATIC MONOLOGUE – ROBERT BROWNING
48. EXPONENT OF PRACTICAL CRITICISM – I.A. RICHARDS
49. FATHER OF ENGLISH CRITICISM – DRYDEN
50. FATHER OF AMERICAN POETRY – WILLIAM CULLER BRYANT
51. MOVEMENT OF POETS COINED – J.D. SCOTT
52. INTRODUCER OF BLANK VERSE – EARL OF SURREY
53. INTRODUCER OF FREE VERSE – WALT WHITMAN
54. INTRODUCER OF LIMARIC – EDWARD LEAR
55. FOUNDER OF ‘JOURNAL’ – SHELLEY
56. INTRODUCER OF SONNET – WYATT
57. STRUCTURALISM ASSOCIATED WITH – FERDINAND DE SAUSSURE
58. AMBIGUITY ASSOCIATED WITH – WILLIAM EMPSON
59. ARCHITYPE ASSOCIATED WITH – NORTHROP FRYE
60. LIBIDO & PSYCHO-ANALYSIS ASSOCIATED WITH – C.G. JUNG
61. THE BARD OF AVAN KNOWN AS – SHAKESPEARE
62. SAGE OF CONCORD – EMERSON
63. THE FIRST LEXICOGRAPHER – SAMUEL JOHNSON
64. INTRODUCER OF THE TERZA RHYMA(RIMA) – SHELLEY
65. INTRODUCER OF PRINTING PRESS IN ENGLAND – WILLIAM CAXTON
66. INVENTED OF PRINTING PRESS – JOHN GUTTENSBURG
67. THE WELL OF ENGLISH POETRY – CHAUCER
68. THE PRE-CURSORS OF ENGLISH NOVEL – ADDISON & STEELE
69. TWENTIETH CENTURY DRYDEN KNOWN AS – T.S. ELIOT
70. FOUNDER OF COCKNEY SCHOOL OF POETRY – HAZLITT
71. FOUNDER OF GRAVEYARD SCHOOL OF POETRY – THOMAS GRAY
72. THE ‘GENTLE’WRITER KNOWN AS – CHARLES LAMB
73. PROMINENT MEMBER OF ROYAL SOCIETY – JOHN DRYDEN
74. METAPHYSICAL WORD COINED BY – JOHNSON
75. METAPHYSICS WORD COINED BY – DRYDEN
76. FATHER OF MODERN DRAMA – EUGENE O NEIL
77. FATHER OF SHORT STORY – EDGAR ALLAN POE
78. FOUNDER OF IRISH THEATRE MOVEMENT –w W.B. YEATS
79. THE TRANSITION PERIOD FAMOUS FOR – THOMAS GRAY
@FATHER AND FOUNDERS’ LIST @
1. FATHER OF ENGLISH POETRY –CHAUCER
2. FATHER OF ENGLISH PROSE – KING ALFRED
3. FATHER OF ENGLISH NOVEL – HENRY FIELDING
4. FATHER OF ENGLISH MODERN PROSE – BACON
5. FATHER OF MODERN LINGUISTICS – BLOOMSFIELD
6. FATHER OF ENGLISH ESSAYS – BACON
7. FATHER OF ESSAYS – MONTAIGNE
8. FATHER OF AMERICAN TRANSCENDENTALISM – EMERSON
9. FATHER OF HISTORICAL NOVEL – SIR WALTER SCOTT
10. FATHER OF REVENGE TRAGEDY – THOMAS KYD
11. FATHER OF SECOND ENGLISH POETS – EDMUND SPENSER
12. PRINCE OF ENGLISH ESSAYIST – CHARLES LAMB
13. POETS POET – SPENSER
14. CRITICS CRITIC – HAZLITT
15. THE FOUNDER OF KNIGHT SCHOOL OF POETRY – MARLOWE
16. THE FOUNDER OF METAPHYSICAL SCHOOL OF POETRY – JOHN DONNE
17. THE FOUNDER OF LAKE SCHOOL OF POETRY – WORDSWORTH
18. THE FOUNDER OF SAITANIK SCHOOL OF POETRY – LORD BYRON
19. THE FOUNDER OF CHAUCER SOCIETY – FURNIVALL
20. THE FOUNDER OF SHAKESPEAREAN SOCEITY – STEELE
21. THE FOUNDER OF SONNET – PETRARCH
22. THE FOUNDER OF’THE CLUB’ – JOHNSON
23. THE FOUNDER OF SOCIETY FOR PURE ENGLISH – ROBERT BRIDGES
24. FOUNDER OF NEW SHAKESPEAREAN SOCIETY – FURNIVALL
25. FOUNDER OF THEOSOPHICAL SOCIETY – BALEVATSKY
26. FOUNDER OF T.G. GRAMMAR – NOAM CHOMSKY
27. FOUNDER OF SHELLY SOCIETY – STEELE\
28. FOUNDER OF TOUCHSTONE METHOD – MATHEW ARNOLD
29. FOUNDER OF PSYCHO-ANALYSIS – SIGMUND FREUD
30. FATHER OF PLAGIRIST – CHAUCER
31. FATHER OF PRE-RAPHELITE MOVEMENT – D.G. ROSSETTI
32. PRINCE OF PLAGIRIST – SHAKESPEARE
33. FATHER OF GOTHIC NOVELS – HORACE WALPOLE
34. FATHER OF ENGLISH DRAMA – CHRISTOPHER MARLOWE
35. MORNING STAR OF ENGLISH DRAMA – CHRISTOPHER MARLOWE
36. MORNING STAR OF REFORMATION – WYCLIFF
37. CHILD OF RENAISSANCE & REFORMATION – SPENSER
38. FOUNDER OF BRITISH SCHOOL OF LINGUISTICS – J.R. FIRTH
39. FOUNDER OF PRAMASAMAJ – DEVENDRANATH TAGORE
40. AUTHORISED VERISON OF THE BIBLE- KING JAMES I
41. EXPONENTS OF TRAGIC COMEDY – SHAKESPEARE
42. EXPONENT OF EPISTOLARY NOVEL – SAMUEL RICHARDSON
43. EXPONENT OF SPRUNG RHYTHM – G.M. HOPKINS
44. EXPONENT OF SOCIAL ESSAYS – FRANCIS BACON
45. EXPONENT OF REGIONAL NOVELS – THOMAS HARDY
46. EXPONENT OF DOMESTIC NOVELS – JANE AUSTEN
47. EXPONENT OF DRAMATIC MONOLOGUE – ROBERT BROWNING
48. EXPONENT OF PRACTICAL CRITICISM – I.A. RICHARDS
49. FATHER OF ENGLISH CRITICISM – DRYDEN
50. FATHER OF AMERICAN POETRY – WILLIAM CULLER BRYANT
51. MOVEMENT OF POETS COINED – J.D. SCOTT
52. INTRODUCER OF BLANK VERSE – EARL OF SURREY
53. INTRODUCER OF FREE VERSE – WALT WHITMAN
54. INTRODUCER OF LIMARIC – EDWARD LEAR
55. FOUNDER OF ‘JOURNAL’ – SHELLEY
56. INTRODUCER OF SONNET – WYATT
57. STRUCTURALISM ASSOCIATED WITH – FERDINAND DE SAUSSURE
58. AMBIGUITY ASSOCIATED WITH – WILLIAM EMPSON
59. ARCHITYPE ASSOCIATED WITH – NORTHROP FRYE
60. LIBIDO & PSYCHO-ANALYSIS ASSOCIATED WITH – C.G. JUNG
61. THE BARD OF AVAN KNOWN AS – SHAKESPEARE
62. SAGE OF CONCORD – EMERSON
63. THE FIRST LEXICOGRAPHER – SAMUEL JOHNSON
64. INTRODUCER OF THE TERZA RHYMA(RIMA) – SHELLEY
65. INTRODUCER OF PRINTING PRESS IN ENGLAND – WILLIAM CAXTON
66. INVENTED OF PRINTING PRESS – JOHN GUTTENSBURG
67. THE WELL OF ENGLISH POETRY – CHAUCER
68. THE PRE-CURSORS OF ENGLISH NOVEL – ADDISON & STEELE
69. TWENTIETH CENTURY DRYDEN KNOWN AS – T.S. ELIOT
70. FOUNDER OF COCKNEY SCHOOL OF POETRY – HAZLITT
71. FOUNDER OF GRAVEYARD SCHOOL OF POETRY – THOMAS GRAY
72. THE ‘GENTLE’WRITER KNOWN AS – CHARLES LAMB
73. PROMINENT MEMBER OF ROYAL SOCIETY – JOHN DRYDEN
74. METAPHYSICAL WORD COINED BY – JOHNSON
75. METAPHYSICS WORD COINED BY – DRYDEN
76. FATHER OF MODERN DRAMA – EUGENE O NEIL
77. FATHER OF SHORT STORY – EDGAR ALLAN POE
78. FOUNDER OF IRISH THEATRE MOVEMENT –w W.B. YEATS
79. THE TRANSITION PERIOD FAMOUS FOR – THOMAS GRAY
Forwarded from Deleted Account
NET SET English
This group has been created for lover of literature and those candidate who are preparing UGC Net and Set Examination.
https://t.me/UGCNETSET
This group has been created for lover of literature and those candidate who are preparing UGC Net and Set Examination.
https://t.me/UGCNETSET
Telegram
NTA-NET SET English
This group has been created for lover of literature and those candidate who are preparing UGC Net and Set Examination.
List of One Word Substitutions – 1
Words for various fields of study
🎓Printing using a stone or a metal plate with a completely smooth surface
⛳Lithography
🎓Mapping of earth and its formation
⛳Geography
🎓Art related to ornate, good handwriting
⛳Calligraphy
🎓Scientific study of bodily diseases
⛳Pathology
🎓Study of birds
⛳Ornithology
🎓Study of celestial bodies
⛳Astronomy
🎓Study of collection of coins, tokens, paper money etc.
⛳Numismatics
🎓Study of earth and rocks
⛳Geology
🎓Study of election trends
⛳Psephology
🎓Study of flying aero planes
⛳Aviation
🎓Study of handwriting
⛳Graphology
🎓Study of hereditary, genes and variation in living organisms
⛳Genetics
🎓Study of human development
⛳Anthropology
🎓Study of languages
⛳Philology
🎓Study of living things
⛳Biology
🎓Study of religion
⛳Theology
🎓Study of science of insects
⛳Entomology
🎓Study of sound and sound waves
⛳Acoustics
🎓Study of the influence of planets and stars on human events
⛳Astrology
🎓Study of the law of the flow of water and other liquids
⛳Hydraulics
🎓Study of the relation between the organism and their environment
⛳Ecology
🎓Study of various aspects of aging
⛳Gerontology
🎓The science of time order
⛳Chronology
🎓Study of religion
⛳Theology
🎓The science of human development
⛳Anthropology
Words for various fields of study
🎓Printing using a stone or a metal plate with a completely smooth surface
⛳Lithography
🎓Mapping of earth and its formation
⛳Geography
🎓Art related to ornate, good handwriting
⛳Calligraphy
🎓Scientific study of bodily diseases
⛳Pathology
🎓Study of birds
⛳Ornithology
🎓Study of celestial bodies
⛳Astronomy
🎓Study of collection of coins, tokens, paper money etc.
⛳Numismatics
🎓Study of earth and rocks
⛳Geology
🎓Study of election trends
⛳Psephology
🎓Study of flying aero planes
⛳Aviation
🎓Study of handwriting
⛳Graphology
🎓Study of hereditary, genes and variation in living organisms
⛳Genetics
🎓Study of human development
⛳Anthropology
🎓Study of languages
⛳Philology
🎓Study of living things
⛳Biology
🎓Study of religion
⛳Theology
🎓Study of science of insects
⛳Entomology
🎓Study of sound and sound waves
⛳Acoustics
🎓Study of the influence of planets and stars on human events
⛳Astrology
🎓Study of the law of the flow of water and other liquids
⛳Hydraulics
🎓Study of the relation between the organism and their environment
⛳Ecology
🎓Study of various aspects of aging
⛳Gerontology
🎓The science of time order
⛳Chronology
🎓Study of religion
⛳Theology
🎓The science of human development
⛳Anthropology
MCQs:
1. Chaucer served in the English army under which king ?
(a) Henry iii
(b) Edward ii
(c) Edward iii ☑
(d) Richard ii
2. Which of the tale tellers has a conspicuous hairy wart ?
(a)The coachman
(b) The miller ☑
(c) The tailor
(d) The weaver
3. How many plays did William Shakespeare write ?
(a) 36
(b) 37☑
(c) 38
(d) 39
4. The line " to be or not to be " comes from which play ?
(a) Macbeth
(b) twelfth night
(c) A midsummer Night's dream
(d) Hamlet ☑
5. Which famous Shakespearean play does the quote,
" my salad days, when I was green in judgment"
come from ?
(a) antony and cleopatra ☑
(b) hamlet
(c) The winter's tale
(d) The merry wives of Windsor
6. In what year was the first Folio published ?
(a) 1626
(b) 1621
(c) 1623☑
(d) 1629
7. Which river is associated with Shakespeare's birth ?
(a) The Thames
(b) The Avon ☑
(c) The Tyburn
(d) The seven
8. In 1613, The Globe theater burned down during a production of which play ?
(a) king John
(b) Richard II
(c) Henry viii☑
(d) Henry V
9. Who among these characters says this
"it is no sin to deceive a Christian?"
(a) shylock
(b) Shakespeare
(c) Barabus
(d) Jew of Malta ☑
10. Pick the place where Twelfth Night has been set ?
(a) Kingdom of Denmark
(b) Kingdom of illyria ☑
(c) Venice
(d) Beach Island
11. Gratiano and Nerrissa are the characters in ?
(a) house of fame
(b) merchant of Venice ☑
(c) king Lear
(d) Othello
12. " HORATIO I AM DEAD " find the literary device employed here ?
(a) prolepsis ☑
(b) anagnorisis
(c) hamartia
(d) aporia
13. In " Tempest " who attempts to rape Miranda ?
(a) ferdinand
(b) caliban ☑
(c) trinculo
(d) alonso
14. " Ripeness is all " occurs in ?
(a) hamlet
(b) king Lear ☑
(c) Macbeth
(d) Othello
15. " Full Fathom five thy father lies " where do we find these lines ?
(a) A midsummer night's dream
(b) A winter's tale
(c) The taming of the shrew
(d) The Tempest ☑
16. " Readiness is all " occurs in ?
(a) Julius Caesar
(b) Othello
(c) Macbeth
(d) Hamlet ☑
17. Whom did Charles lamb call " a prose Shakespeare" ?
(a) Thomas heywood ☑
(b) Thomas Middleton
(c) Thomas dekker
(d) Thomas kyd
18. Who is called the dickens of Elizabethan age ?
(a) Thomas heywood
(b) John Marston
(c) Thomas dekker ☑
(d) George Chapman
19. Who coined the phrase "Marlowe's mighty line" ?
(a) Samuel Johnson
(b) Ben Johnson ☑
(c) Mathew Arnold
(d) Richard Steele
20. Which play of Shakespeare is a " conversation play " ?
(a) measure for measure
(b) much ado about nothing
(c) Twelfth night
(d) All's well that ends well ☑
21. " Life of Shakespeare " is written by ?
(a) Sidney Lee ☑
(b) Philip Sidney
(c) Marlowe
(d) spencer
22. Who completed Christopher Marlowe's " Hero and Leander " ?
(a) Ben Johnson
(b) Shakespeare
(c) Chapman ☑
(d) heywood
23. In which tale of Chaucer, a daughter is killed by her father ?
(a) The monk's tale
(b) The physician's tale ☑
(c) The friar's tale
(d) The clerk's tale
24. In whose story, the character of Griselda appear ?
(a) The clerk's tale ☑
(b) The Reeve's tale
(c) The miller's tale
(d) The friar's tale
25. Who is known as the Chaucer of Scotland ?
(a) William Dunbar ☑
(b) Robert Henryson
(c) John lydgate
(d) Gavin Douglas
26. The schoolmaster by Roger Ascham is a/an ?
(a) morality play
(b) human ideal
(c) educational treatise ☑
(d) all of the above
27. Who is known as the connecting link between Chaucer and Spenser ?
(a) Henry Howard
(b) Thomas Sackville ☑
(c) Roger Ascham
(d) Sir Thomas Wyatt
28. When did the Great fire of London take place ?
(a) 1610
(b) 1606
(c) 1640
(d) 1666☑
29. Chaucer was called " the earliest of the Great moderns" and was also called, " The morning star of the Renaissance ". Who initiated these remarks ?
(a) Kittredge
(b) Hudson
(c) Albert ☑
(d) Pope
30. Which literary form, developed in the fifteenth century, personified vices and virtues ?
(a) The short story
(b) The heroic epic
(c) The morality play ☑
31.
1. Chaucer served in the English army under which king ?
(a) Henry iii
(b) Edward ii
(c) Edward iii ☑
(d) Richard ii
2. Which of the tale tellers has a conspicuous hairy wart ?
(a)The coachman
(b) The miller ☑
(c) The tailor
(d) The weaver
3. How many plays did William Shakespeare write ?
(a) 36
(b) 37☑
(c) 38
(d) 39
4. The line " to be or not to be " comes from which play ?
(a) Macbeth
(b) twelfth night
(c) A midsummer Night's dream
(d) Hamlet ☑
5. Which famous Shakespearean play does the quote,
" my salad days, when I was green in judgment"
come from ?
(a) antony and cleopatra ☑
(b) hamlet
(c) The winter's tale
(d) The merry wives of Windsor
6. In what year was the first Folio published ?
(a) 1626
(b) 1621
(c) 1623☑
(d) 1629
7. Which river is associated with Shakespeare's birth ?
(a) The Thames
(b) The Avon ☑
(c) The Tyburn
(d) The seven
8. In 1613, The Globe theater burned down during a production of which play ?
(a) king John
(b) Richard II
(c) Henry viii☑
(d) Henry V
9. Who among these characters says this
"it is no sin to deceive a Christian?"
(a) shylock
(b) Shakespeare
(c) Barabus
(d) Jew of Malta ☑
10. Pick the place where Twelfth Night has been set ?
(a) Kingdom of Denmark
(b) Kingdom of illyria ☑
(c) Venice
(d) Beach Island
11. Gratiano and Nerrissa are the characters in ?
(a) house of fame
(b) merchant of Venice ☑
(c) king Lear
(d) Othello
12. " HORATIO I AM DEAD " find the literary device employed here ?
(a) prolepsis ☑
(b) anagnorisis
(c) hamartia
(d) aporia
13. In " Tempest " who attempts to rape Miranda ?
(a) ferdinand
(b) caliban ☑
(c) trinculo
(d) alonso
14. " Ripeness is all " occurs in ?
(a) hamlet
(b) king Lear ☑
(c) Macbeth
(d) Othello
15. " Full Fathom five thy father lies " where do we find these lines ?
(a) A midsummer night's dream
(b) A winter's tale
(c) The taming of the shrew
(d) The Tempest ☑
16. " Readiness is all " occurs in ?
(a) Julius Caesar
(b) Othello
(c) Macbeth
(d) Hamlet ☑
17. Whom did Charles lamb call " a prose Shakespeare" ?
(a) Thomas heywood ☑
(b) Thomas Middleton
(c) Thomas dekker
(d) Thomas kyd
18. Who is called the dickens of Elizabethan age ?
(a) Thomas heywood
(b) John Marston
(c) Thomas dekker ☑
(d) George Chapman
19. Who coined the phrase "Marlowe's mighty line" ?
(a) Samuel Johnson
(b) Ben Johnson ☑
(c) Mathew Arnold
(d) Richard Steele
20. Which play of Shakespeare is a " conversation play " ?
(a) measure for measure
(b) much ado about nothing
(c) Twelfth night
(d) All's well that ends well ☑
21. " Life of Shakespeare " is written by ?
(a) Sidney Lee ☑
(b) Philip Sidney
(c) Marlowe
(d) spencer
22. Who completed Christopher Marlowe's " Hero and Leander " ?
(a) Ben Johnson
(b) Shakespeare
(c) Chapman ☑
(d) heywood
23. In which tale of Chaucer, a daughter is killed by her father ?
(a) The monk's tale
(b) The physician's tale ☑
(c) The friar's tale
(d) The clerk's tale
24. In whose story, the character of Griselda appear ?
(a) The clerk's tale ☑
(b) The Reeve's tale
(c) The miller's tale
(d) The friar's tale
25. Who is known as the Chaucer of Scotland ?
(a) William Dunbar ☑
(b) Robert Henryson
(c) John lydgate
(d) Gavin Douglas
26. The schoolmaster by Roger Ascham is a/an ?
(a) morality play
(b) human ideal
(c) educational treatise ☑
(d) all of the above
27. Who is known as the connecting link between Chaucer and Spenser ?
(a) Henry Howard
(b) Thomas Sackville ☑
(c) Roger Ascham
(d) Sir Thomas Wyatt
28. When did the Great fire of London take place ?
(a) 1610
(b) 1606
(c) 1640
(d) 1666☑
29. Chaucer was called " the earliest of the Great moderns" and was also called, " The morning star of the Renaissance ". Who initiated these remarks ?
(a) Kittredge
(b) Hudson
(c) Albert ☑
(d) Pope
30. Which literary form, developed in the fifteenth century, personified vices and virtues ?
(a) The short story
(b) The heroic epic
(c) The morality play ☑
31.
What was the duration of hundred year's war ?
(a) 1300 to 1350
(b) 1337 to 1453☑
(c) 1302 to 1343
(d) 1337 to 1437
32. In which year Chaucer was imprisoned by the French ?
(a) 1360☑
(b) 1357
(c) 1378
(d) 1385
33. " All the perfumes of Arabia will not sweeten this little hand " line is taken from ?
(a) act ii scene i
(b) act v scene i☑
(c) act iii scene ii
(d) act iv scene iii
34. We suddenly see England, " a noble and puissant nation, rousing herself like a strong man after sleep and shaking her invincible locks ".
This statement is associated with ?
(a) Shakespeare
(b) Queen Elizabeth
(c) Milton ☑
(d) Ben Johnson
35. Edmund Spenser's only prose work is ?
(a) Shepherd's Calender
(b) The Faerie Queene
(c) view of the state of Ireland ☑
(d) Colin clouts come home again
36. Real Bible is written in ?
(a) Latin
(b) English
(c) Hebrew ☑
(d) Dutch
(a) 1300 to 1350
(b) 1337 to 1453☑
(c) 1302 to 1343
(d) 1337 to 1437
32. In which year Chaucer was imprisoned by the French ?
(a) 1360☑
(b) 1357
(c) 1378
(d) 1385
33. " All the perfumes of Arabia will not sweeten this little hand " line is taken from ?
(a) act ii scene i
(b) act v scene i☑
(c) act iii scene ii
(d) act iv scene iii
34. We suddenly see England, " a noble and puissant nation, rousing herself like a strong man after sleep and shaking her invincible locks ".
This statement is associated with ?
(a) Shakespeare
(b) Queen Elizabeth
(c) Milton ☑
(d) Ben Johnson
35. Edmund Spenser's only prose work is ?
(a) Shepherd's Calender
(b) The Faerie Queene
(c) view of the state of Ireland ☑
(d) Colin clouts come home again
36. Real Bible is written in ?
(a) Latin
(b) English
(c) Hebrew ☑
(d) Dutch
Important Question-Answers (100 Objective Type)
1):- David Copperfield → Charles Dickens
2):- Hamlet → William Shakespeare
3):- The Rime of the Ancient Mariner → Samuel Taylor Coleridge
4):- Das Capital → Karl Marx
5):- Animal Farm → George Orwell
6):- Dialogues → Plato
7):- Tempest → William Shakespeare
8):- Mein Kampf → Adolph Hitler
9):- Mother → Maxim Gorky
10):- As You Like it → William Shakespeare
11):- Paradise Lost → John Milton
12):- The Tale of Two Cities → Charles Dickens
13):- The Merchant of Venice → William Shakespeare
14):- Pride and Prejudice → Jane Austen
15):- All’s Well that Ends Well → William Shakespeare
16):- Anna Karenina → Leo Tolstoy
17):- Origin of Species → Charles Darwin
18):- Discovery of India → Johor Lal Nehru
19):- Asian Drama → Gunner Myrdal
20):- The Old Man and The Sea → Earnest Hemingway
21):- Julius Caesar → William Shakespeare
22):- Man and Superman → George Bernard Shaw
23):- War and Peace → Leo Tolstoy
24):- Gulliver’s Travels → Jonathan Swift
25):- Heaven and Earth → Lord Byron
26):- Blue Bird → Lord Alfred Tennyson
27):- Othello → William Shakespeare
28):- India Wins Freedom → Abul Kalam Azad
29):- Marriage and Moral → Bertrand Russell
30):- God of the Small Things → Arundhati Roy
31):- Caesar and Cleopatra → George Bernard Shaw
32):- Romeo and Juliet → William Shakespeare
33):- Jungle Book → Rudyard Kipling
34):- Lycidas → John Milton
35):- Emma → Jane Austen
36):- A pair of Blue Eyes → Thomas Hardy
37):- Odyssey → Homer
38):- Memories of the Second World War →
Winston Churchill
39):- For Whom the Bell Tolls → Earnest
Hemingway
40):- Wealth of Nations → Adam Smith
41):- Waste Land → T.S Eliot
42):- Vanity Fair → W.M Thackeray
43):- Prince → Machiavelli
44):- Republic → Plato
45):- Freedom → Bertrand Russell
46):- A Long Walk to Freedom → Nelson Mandela
47):- Robinson Crusoe → Daniel Defoe
48):- Sons and Lovers, The Rainbow → D.H Lawrence
49):- Ulysses → Lord Alfred Tennyson
50):- Sense and Sensibility → Jane Austen
51):- Roots → Alex Haley
52):- To Skylark → P. B Shelly
53):- Time Machine → H. W Wells
54):- Try and Try Again → W.E Hick son
55):- Seven Seas → Rudyard Kipling
56):- Around the World in Eighty Days→ Jules Verne
57):- Waiting For Goddot → Samuel Becket
58):- Things Fall Apart → Chinua Achebe
59):- Silent Women → Ben Johnson
60):- Wuthering Heights → Emile Bronte
61):- The Way of the World → William Congreve
62):- Voyage of Lilliput → Jonathon Swift
63):- Top Secret → Henry Fielding
64):- Twelfth Night → William Shakespeare
65):- Utopia → Sir Thomas Moore
66):- Tom Jones → Henry Fielding
67):- The Return of the Native → Thomas Hardy
68):- The Alchemist → Ben Jonson
69):- Tess of D’Urbervilles → Thomas Hardy
70):- Scholar Gipsy → Matthew Arnold
71):- The Rape of the Lock → Alexander Pope
72):- Prelude → William Wordsworth
73):- Ode to the West Wind → P.B Shelly
74):- Great Expectations → Charles Dickens
75):- King Lear → William Shakespeare
76):- Kubla Khan → Samuel Taylor Coleridge
77):- Isabella → John Keats
78):- Measure and Measure → William
Shakespeare
79):-In Memoriam → Lord Alfred Tennyson
80):- Pilgrim’s Progress → John Bunyan
81):- Oliver Twist → Charles Dickens
82):- Paradise Regained → John Milton
83):- Iliad → Homer
84):- Divine Comedy → Dante
85):- Crime and Punishment → Dostoevsky
86):- A Brief History Of Time → Stephen
Hawkings
87):- A Farewell to Arms → Earnest Hemingway
88):- A Midsummer Nights Dream → William
Shakespeare
89):- Adonis → P. B Shelley
90):- Akbar Nama → Abul Fazal
91):- Canterbury Tales → Geoffrey Chaucer
92):- Comedy of Errors → William Shakespeare
93):- Don Juan → Lord Byron
94):- Dr. Faustus → Christopher Marlowe
95):- Politics → Aristotle
96):- Volpone → Ben Jonson
97):- Dictionary → Samuel Johnson
98):- A Passage to India → E. M. Forster
99):- Macbeth → William Shakespeare
100):- Samson Agonists → John Milton
1):- David Copperfield → Charles Dickens
2):- Hamlet → William Shakespeare
3):- The Rime of the Ancient Mariner → Samuel Taylor Coleridge
4):- Das Capital → Karl Marx
5):- Animal Farm → George Orwell
6):- Dialogues → Plato
7):- Tempest → William Shakespeare
8):- Mein Kampf → Adolph Hitler
9):- Mother → Maxim Gorky
10):- As You Like it → William Shakespeare
11):- Paradise Lost → John Milton
12):- The Tale of Two Cities → Charles Dickens
13):- The Merchant of Venice → William Shakespeare
14):- Pride and Prejudice → Jane Austen
15):- All’s Well that Ends Well → William Shakespeare
16):- Anna Karenina → Leo Tolstoy
17):- Origin of Species → Charles Darwin
18):- Discovery of India → Johor Lal Nehru
19):- Asian Drama → Gunner Myrdal
20):- The Old Man and The Sea → Earnest Hemingway
21):- Julius Caesar → William Shakespeare
22):- Man and Superman → George Bernard Shaw
23):- War and Peace → Leo Tolstoy
24):- Gulliver’s Travels → Jonathan Swift
25):- Heaven and Earth → Lord Byron
26):- Blue Bird → Lord Alfred Tennyson
27):- Othello → William Shakespeare
28):- India Wins Freedom → Abul Kalam Azad
29):- Marriage and Moral → Bertrand Russell
30):- God of the Small Things → Arundhati Roy
31):- Caesar and Cleopatra → George Bernard Shaw
32):- Romeo and Juliet → William Shakespeare
33):- Jungle Book → Rudyard Kipling
34):- Lycidas → John Milton
35):- Emma → Jane Austen
36):- A pair of Blue Eyes → Thomas Hardy
37):- Odyssey → Homer
38):- Memories of the Second World War →
Winston Churchill
39):- For Whom the Bell Tolls → Earnest
Hemingway
40):- Wealth of Nations → Adam Smith
41):- Waste Land → T.S Eliot
42):- Vanity Fair → W.M Thackeray
43):- Prince → Machiavelli
44):- Republic → Plato
45):- Freedom → Bertrand Russell
46):- A Long Walk to Freedom → Nelson Mandela
47):- Robinson Crusoe → Daniel Defoe
48):- Sons and Lovers, The Rainbow → D.H Lawrence
49):- Ulysses → Lord Alfred Tennyson
50):- Sense and Sensibility → Jane Austen
51):- Roots → Alex Haley
52):- To Skylark → P. B Shelly
53):- Time Machine → H. W Wells
54):- Try and Try Again → W.E Hick son
55):- Seven Seas → Rudyard Kipling
56):- Around the World in Eighty Days→ Jules Verne
57):- Waiting For Goddot → Samuel Becket
58):- Things Fall Apart → Chinua Achebe
59):- Silent Women → Ben Johnson
60):- Wuthering Heights → Emile Bronte
61):- The Way of the World → William Congreve
62):- Voyage of Lilliput → Jonathon Swift
63):- Top Secret → Henry Fielding
64):- Twelfth Night → William Shakespeare
65):- Utopia → Sir Thomas Moore
66):- Tom Jones → Henry Fielding
67):- The Return of the Native → Thomas Hardy
68):- The Alchemist → Ben Jonson
69):- Tess of D’Urbervilles → Thomas Hardy
70):- Scholar Gipsy → Matthew Arnold
71):- The Rape of the Lock → Alexander Pope
72):- Prelude → William Wordsworth
73):- Ode to the West Wind → P.B Shelly
74):- Great Expectations → Charles Dickens
75):- King Lear → William Shakespeare
76):- Kubla Khan → Samuel Taylor Coleridge
77):- Isabella → John Keats
78):- Measure and Measure → William
Shakespeare
79):-In Memoriam → Lord Alfred Tennyson
80):- Pilgrim’s Progress → John Bunyan
81):- Oliver Twist → Charles Dickens
82):- Paradise Regained → John Milton
83):- Iliad → Homer
84):- Divine Comedy → Dante
85):- Crime and Punishment → Dostoevsky
86):- A Brief History Of Time → Stephen
Hawkings
87):- A Farewell to Arms → Earnest Hemingway
88):- A Midsummer Nights Dream → William
Shakespeare
89):- Adonis → P. B Shelley
90):- Akbar Nama → Abul Fazal
91):- Canterbury Tales → Geoffrey Chaucer
92):- Comedy of Errors → William Shakespeare
93):- Don Juan → Lord Byron
94):- Dr. Faustus → Christopher Marlowe
95):- Politics → Aristotle
96):- Volpone → Ben Jonson
97):- Dictionary → Samuel Johnson
98):- A Passage to India → E. M. Forster
99):- Macbeth → William Shakespeare
100):- Samson Agonists → John Milton
*Education Policy 2020 is announced*
1. 10+2 board structure is dropped
2. New school structure will be 5+3+3+4
3. Upto 5 pre school, 6 to 8 Mid School, 8 to 11 High School , 12 onwards Graduation
4. Any Degree will be 4 years
5. 6th std onwards vocational courses available
6. From 8th to 11 students can choose subjects
7. All graduation course will have major and minor
Example - Science student can have Physics as Major and Music as minor also. Any combination he can choose
8. All higher education will be governed by only one authority.
9. UGC AICTE will be merged.
10. All Universities like government, private, Open, Deemed, Vocational etc will have same grading and other rules.
11. New Teacher Training board will be setup for all kinds of teachers in country, no state can change.
12. Same level of Accreditation to any college , based on its rating college will get autonomous rights and funds.
13. New Basic learning programme will be created by government for parents to teach children upto 3 years in home and for pre school 3 to 6
14. Multiple entry and exit from any course
15. Credit system for graduation for each year student will get some credits which he can utilize if he takes break in course and come back again to complete course
16. All schools exams will be semester wise twice a year
17. The syllabus will be reduced to core knowledge of any subject only
18. More focus on student practical and application knowledge
19. For any graduation course if a student completes only one year he will get a basic certificate, if he completes two years then he will get Diploma certificate and if he completes full course then he will get degree certificate. So no year of any student will've vested if he breaks the course in between.
20.All the graduation course feed of all Universities will be govern by single authority with capping on each course.
Now we can hope our education system will be at par with other advanced countries and future of our children will be bright.
1. 10+2 board structure is dropped
2. New school structure will be 5+3+3+4
3. Upto 5 pre school, 6 to 8 Mid School, 8 to 11 High School , 12 onwards Graduation
4. Any Degree will be 4 years
5. 6th std onwards vocational courses available
6. From 8th to 11 students can choose subjects
7. All graduation course will have major and minor
Example - Science student can have Physics as Major and Music as minor also. Any combination he can choose
8. All higher education will be governed by only one authority.
9. UGC AICTE will be merged.
10. All Universities like government, private, Open, Deemed, Vocational etc will have same grading and other rules.
11. New Teacher Training board will be setup for all kinds of teachers in country, no state can change.
12. Same level of Accreditation to any college , based on its rating college will get autonomous rights and funds.
13. New Basic learning programme will be created by government for parents to teach children upto 3 years in home and for pre school 3 to 6
14. Multiple entry and exit from any course
15. Credit system for graduation for each year student will get some credits which he can utilize if he takes break in course and come back again to complete course
16. All schools exams will be semester wise twice a year
17. The syllabus will be reduced to core knowledge of any subject only
18. More focus on student practical and application knowledge
19. For any graduation course if a student completes only one year he will get a basic certificate, if he completes two years then he will get Diploma certificate and if he completes full course then he will get degree certificate. So no year of any student will've vested if he breaks the course in between.
20.All the graduation course feed of all Universities will be govern by single authority with capping on each course.
Now we can hope our education system will be at par with other advanced countries and future of our children will be bright.
100 Novels
for those who have Literature in their blood and Language in their brains.
1. The Pilgrim’s Progress by John Bunyan (1678)
A story of a man in search of truth told with the simple clarity and beauty of Bunyan’s prose make this the ultimate English classic.
2. Robinson Crusoeby Daniel Defoe (1719)
By the end of the 19th century, no book in English literary history had enjoyed more editions, spin-offs and translations. Crusoe’s world-famous novel is a complex literary work and it’s irresistible.
3. Gulliver’s Travels by Jonathan Swift (1726)
A satirical masterpiece that’s never been out of print, Jonathan Swift’s Gulliver’s Travels comes third in our list of the best novels written in English
4. Clarissa by Samuel Richardson (1748)
Clarissa is a tragic heroine, pressured by her unscrupulous nouveau-riche family to marry a wealthy man she detests, in the book that Samuel Johnson described as “the first book in the world for the knowledge it displays of the human heart.”
5. Tom Jones by Henry Fielding (1749)
Tom Jones is a classic English novel that captures the spirit of its age and whose famous characters have come to represent Augustan society in all its loquacious, turbulent, comic variety.
6. The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentlemanby Laurence Sterne (1759)
Laurence Sterne’s vivid novel caused delight and consternation when it first appeared and has lost little of its original bite.
7. Emma by Jane Austen (1816)
Jane Austen’s Emma is her masterpiece, mixing the sparkle of her early books with a deep sensibility.
8. Frankenstein by Mary Shelley (1818)
Mary Shelley’s first novel has been hailed as a masterpiece of horror and the macabre.
9. Nightmare Abbeyby Thomas Love Peacock (1818)
The great pleasure of Nightmare Abbey, which was inspired by Thomas Love Peacock’s friendship with Shelley, lies in the delight the author takes in poking fun at the romantic movement.
10. The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym of Nantucket by Edgar Allan Poe (1838)
Edgar Allan Poe’s only novel – a classic adventure story with supernatural elements – has fascinated and influenced generations of writers.
11. Sybil by Benjamin Disraeli (1845)
The future prime minister displayed flashes of brilliance that equalled the greatest Victorian novelists.
A whirlwind success … Jane Eyre.
12. Jane Eyre by Charlotte Brontë (1847)
Charlotte Brontë’s erotic, gothic masterpiece became the sensation of Victorian England. Its great breakthrough was its intimate dialogue with the reader.
13. Wuthering Heights by Emily Brontë (1847)
Emily Brontë’s windswept masterpiece is notable not just for its wild beauty but for its daring reinvention of the novel form itself.
14. Vanity Fair by William Thackeray (1848)
William Thackeray’s masterpiece, set in Regency England, is a bravura performance by a writer at the top of his game.
15. David Copperfieldby Charles Dickens (1850)
David Copperfield marked the point at which Dickens became the great entertainer and also laid the foundations for his later, darker masterpieces.
16. The Scarlet Letterby Nathaniel Hawthorne (1850)
Nathaniel Hawthorne’s astounding book is full of intense symbolism and as haunting as anything by Edgar Allan Poe.
17. Moby-Dick by Herman Melville (1851)
Wise, funny and gripping, Melville’s epic work continues to cast a long shadow over American literature.
18. Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland by Lewis Carroll (1865)
Lewis Carroll’s brilliant nonsense tale is one of the most influential and best loved in the English canon.
19. The Moonstoneby Wilkie Collins (1868)
Wilkie Collins’s masterpiece, hailed by many as the greatest English detective novel, is a brilliant marriage of the sensational and the realistic.
20. Little Women by Louisa May Alcott (1868-9)
Louisa May Alcott’s highly original tale aimed at a young female market has iconic status in America and never been out of print.
21. Middlemarch by George Eliot (1871-2)
This cathedral of words stands today as perhaps the greatest of the great Victorian fictions.
22. The Way We Liv
for those who have Literature in their blood and Language in their brains.
1. The Pilgrim’s Progress by John Bunyan (1678)
A story of a man in search of truth told with the simple clarity and beauty of Bunyan’s prose make this the ultimate English classic.
2. Robinson Crusoeby Daniel Defoe (1719)
By the end of the 19th century, no book in English literary history had enjoyed more editions, spin-offs and translations. Crusoe’s world-famous novel is a complex literary work and it’s irresistible.
3. Gulliver’s Travels by Jonathan Swift (1726)
A satirical masterpiece that’s never been out of print, Jonathan Swift’s Gulliver’s Travels comes third in our list of the best novels written in English
4. Clarissa by Samuel Richardson (1748)
Clarissa is a tragic heroine, pressured by her unscrupulous nouveau-riche family to marry a wealthy man she detests, in the book that Samuel Johnson described as “the first book in the world for the knowledge it displays of the human heart.”
5. Tom Jones by Henry Fielding (1749)
Tom Jones is a classic English novel that captures the spirit of its age and whose famous characters have come to represent Augustan society in all its loquacious, turbulent, comic variety.
6. The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentlemanby Laurence Sterne (1759)
Laurence Sterne’s vivid novel caused delight and consternation when it first appeared and has lost little of its original bite.
7. Emma by Jane Austen (1816)
Jane Austen’s Emma is her masterpiece, mixing the sparkle of her early books with a deep sensibility.
8. Frankenstein by Mary Shelley (1818)
Mary Shelley’s first novel has been hailed as a masterpiece of horror and the macabre.
9. Nightmare Abbeyby Thomas Love Peacock (1818)
The great pleasure of Nightmare Abbey, which was inspired by Thomas Love Peacock’s friendship with Shelley, lies in the delight the author takes in poking fun at the romantic movement.
10. The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym of Nantucket by Edgar Allan Poe (1838)
Edgar Allan Poe’s only novel – a classic adventure story with supernatural elements – has fascinated and influenced generations of writers.
11. Sybil by Benjamin Disraeli (1845)
The future prime minister displayed flashes of brilliance that equalled the greatest Victorian novelists.
A whirlwind success … Jane Eyre.
12. Jane Eyre by Charlotte Brontë (1847)
Charlotte Brontë’s erotic, gothic masterpiece became the sensation of Victorian England. Its great breakthrough was its intimate dialogue with the reader.
13. Wuthering Heights by Emily Brontë (1847)
Emily Brontë’s windswept masterpiece is notable not just for its wild beauty but for its daring reinvention of the novel form itself.
14. Vanity Fair by William Thackeray (1848)
William Thackeray’s masterpiece, set in Regency England, is a bravura performance by a writer at the top of his game.
15. David Copperfieldby Charles Dickens (1850)
David Copperfield marked the point at which Dickens became the great entertainer and also laid the foundations for his later, darker masterpieces.
16. The Scarlet Letterby Nathaniel Hawthorne (1850)
Nathaniel Hawthorne’s astounding book is full of intense symbolism and as haunting as anything by Edgar Allan Poe.
17. Moby-Dick by Herman Melville (1851)
Wise, funny and gripping, Melville’s epic work continues to cast a long shadow over American literature.
18. Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland by Lewis Carroll (1865)
Lewis Carroll’s brilliant nonsense tale is one of the most influential and best loved in the English canon.
19. The Moonstoneby Wilkie Collins (1868)
Wilkie Collins’s masterpiece, hailed by many as the greatest English detective novel, is a brilliant marriage of the sensational and the realistic.
20. Little Women by Louisa May Alcott (1868-9)
Louisa May Alcott’s highly original tale aimed at a young female market has iconic status in America and never been out of print.
21. Middlemarch by George Eliot (1871-2)
This cathedral of words stands today as perhaps the greatest of the great Victorian fictions.
22. The Way We Liv
e Now by Anthony Trollope (1875)
Inspired by the author’s fury at the corrupt state of England, and dismissed by critics at the time, The Way We Live Now is recognised as Trollope’s masterpiece.
23. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finnby Mark Twain (1884/5)
Mark Twain’s tale of a rebel boy and a runaway slave seeking liberation upon the waters of the Mississippi remains a defining classic of American literature.
24. Kidnapped by Robert Louis Stevenson (1886)
A thrilling adventure story, gripping history and fascinating study of the Scottish character, Kidnapped has lost none of its power.
25. Three Men in a Boat by Jerome K Jerome (1889)
Jerome K Jerome’s accidental classic about messing about on the Thames remains a comic gem.
26. The Sign of Fourby Arthur Conan Doyle (1890)
Sherlock Holmes’s second outing sees Conan Doyle’s brilliant sleuth – and his bluff sidekick Watson – come into their own.
Helmut Berger and Richard Todd in the 1970 adaptation of The Picture of Dorian Gray.
27. The Picture of Dorian Gray by Oscar Wilde (1891)
Wilde’s brilliantly allusive moral tale of youth, beauty and corruption was greeted with howls of protest on publication.
28. New Grub Streetby George Gissing (1891)
George Gissing’s portrayal of the hard facts of a literary life remains as relevant today as it was in the late 19th century.
29. Jude the Obscureby Thomas Hardy (1895)
Hardy exposed his deepest feelings in this bleak, angry novel and, stung by the hostile response, he never wrote another.
30. The Red Badge of Courage by Stephen Crane (1895)
Stephen Crane’s account of a young man’s passage to manhood through soldiery is a blueprint for the great American war novel.
31. Dracula by Bram Stoker (1897)
Bram Stoker’s classic vampire story was very much of its time but still resonates more than a century later.
32. Heart of Darknessby Joseph Conrad (1899)
Joseph Conrad’s masterpiece about a life-changing journey in search of Mr Kurtz has the simplicity of great myth.
33. Sister Carrie by Theodore Dreiser (1900)
Theodore Dreiser was no stylist, but there’s a terrific momentum to his unflinching novel about a country girl’s American dream.
34. Kim by Rudyard Kipling (1901)
In Kipling’s classic boy’s own spy story, an orphan in British India must make a choice between east and west.
35. The Call of the Wild by Jack London (1903)
Jack London’s vivid adventures of a pet dog that goes back to nature reveal an extraordinary style and consummate storytelling.
36. The Golden Bowlby Henry James (1904)
American literature contains nothing else quite like Henry James’s amazing, labyrinthine and claustrophobic novel.
37. Hadrian the Seventh by Frederick Rolfe (1904)
This entertaining if contrived story of a hack writer and priest who becomes pope sheds vivid light on its eccentric author – described by DH Lawrence as a “man-demon”.
38. The Wind in the Willows by Kenneth Grahame (1908)
The evergreen tale from the riverbank and a powerful contribution to the mythology of Edwardian England.
39. The History of Mr Polly by HG Wells (1910)
The choice is great, but Wells’s ironic portrait of a man very like himself is the novel that stands out.
40. Zuleika Dobsonby Max Beerbohm (1911)
The passage of time has conferred a dark power upon Beerbohm’s ostensibly light and witty Edwardian satire.
41. The Good Soldierby Ford Madox Ford (1915)
Ford’s masterpiece is a searing study of moral dissolution behind the facade of an English gentleman – and its stylistic influence lingers to this day.
42. The Thirty-Nine Steps by John Buchan (1915)
John Buchan’s espionage thriller, with its sparse, contemporary prose, is hard to put down.
43. The Rainbow by DH Lawrence (1915)
The Rainbow is perhaps DH Lawrence’s finest work, showing him for the radical, protean, thoroughly modern writer he was.
44. Of Human Bondage by W Somerset Maugham (1915)
Somerset Maugham’s semi-autobiographical novel shows the author’s savage honesty and gift for storytelling at their best.
45. The Age of Innocence by Edith Wharton (1920)
The story of a
Inspired by the author’s fury at the corrupt state of England, and dismissed by critics at the time, The Way We Live Now is recognised as Trollope’s masterpiece.
23. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finnby Mark Twain (1884/5)
Mark Twain’s tale of a rebel boy and a runaway slave seeking liberation upon the waters of the Mississippi remains a defining classic of American literature.
24. Kidnapped by Robert Louis Stevenson (1886)
A thrilling adventure story, gripping history and fascinating study of the Scottish character, Kidnapped has lost none of its power.
25. Three Men in a Boat by Jerome K Jerome (1889)
Jerome K Jerome’s accidental classic about messing about on the Thames remains a comic gem.
26. The Sign of Fourby Arthur Conan Doyle (1890)
Sherlock Holmes’s second outing sees Conan Doyle’s brilliant sleuth – and his bluff sidekick Watson – come into their own.
Helmut Berger and Richard Todd in the 1970 adaptation of The Picture of Dorian Gray.
27. The Picture of Dorian Gray by Oscar Wilde (1891)
Wilde’s brilliantly allusive moral tale of youth, beauty and corruption was greeted with howls of protest on publication.
28. New Grub Streetby George Gissing (1891)
George Gissing’s portrayal of the hard facts of a literary life remains as relevant today as it was in the late 19th century.
29. Jude the Obscureby Thomas Hardy (1895)
Hardy exposed his deepest feelings in this bleak, angry novel and, stung by the hostile response, he never wrote another.
30. The Red Badge of Courage by Stephen Crane (1895)
Stephen Crane’s account of a young man’s passage to manhood through soldiery is a blueprint for the great American war novel.
31. Dracula by Bram Stoker (1897)
Bram Stoker’s classic vampire story was very much of its time but still resonates more than a century later.
32. Heart of Darknessby Joseph Conrad (1899)
Joseph Conrad’s masterpiece about a life-changing journey in search of Mr Kurtz has the simplicity of great myth.
33. Sister Carrie by Theodore Dreiser (1900)
Theodore Dreiser was no stylist, but there’s a terrific momentum to his unflinching novel about a country girl’s American dream.
34. Kim by Rudyard Kipling (1901)
In Kipling’s classic boy’s own spy story, an orphan in British India must make a choice between east and west.
35. The Call of the Wild by Jack London (1903)
Jack London’s vivid adventures of a pet dog that goes back to nature reveal an extraordinary style and consummate storytelling.
36. The Golden Bowlby Henry James (1904)
American literature contains nothing else quite like Henry James’s amazing, labyrinthine and claustrophobic novel.
37. Hadrian the Seventh by Frederick Rolfe (1904)
This entertaining if contrived story of a hack writer and priest who becomes pope sheds vivid light on its eccentric author – described by DH Lawrence as a “man-demon”.
38. The Wind in the Willows by Kenneth Grahame (1908)
The evergreen tale from the riverbank and a powerful contribution to the mythology of Edwardian England.
39. The History of Mr Polly by HG Wells (1910)
The choice is great, but Wells’s ironic portrait of a man very like himself is the novel that stands out.
40. Zuleika Dobsonby Max Beerbohm (1911)
The passage of time has conferred a dark power upon Beerbohm’s ostensibly light and witty Edwardian satire.
41. The Good Soldierby Ford Madox Ford (1915)
Ford’s masterpiece is a searing study of moral dissolution behind the facade of an English gentleman – and its stylistic influence lingers to this day.
42. The Thirty-Nine Steps by John Buchan (1915)
John Buchan’s espionage thriller, with its sparse, contemporary prose, is hard to put down.
43. The Rainbow by DH Lawrence (1915)
The Rainbow is perhaps DH Lawrence’s finest work, showing him for the radical, protean, thoroughly modern writer he was.
44. Of Human Bondage by W Somerset Maugham (1915)
Somerset Maugham’s semi-autobiographical novel shows the author’s savage honesty and gift for storytelling at their best.
45. The Age of Innocence by Edith Wharton (1920)
The story of a
in the River by VS Naipaul (1979)
VS Naipaul’s hellish vision of an African nation’s path to independence saw him accused of racism, but remains his masterpiece.
91. Midnight’s Children by Salman Rushdie (1981)
The personal and the historical merge in Salman Rushdie’s dazzling, game-changing Indian English novel of a young man born at the very moment of Indian independence.
92. Housekeeping by Marilynne Robinson (1981)
Marilynne Robinson’s tale of orphaned sisters and their oddball aunt in a remote Idaho town is admired by everyone from Barack Obama to Bret Easton Ellis.
Nick Frost as John Self Martin Amis’s Money.
93. Money: A Suicide Note by Martin Amis (1984)
Martin Amis’s era-defining ode to excess unleashed one of literature’s greatest modern monsters in self-destructive antihero John Self.
94. An Artist of the Floating World by Kazuo Ishiguro (1986)
Kazuo Ishiguro’s novel about a retired artist in postwar Japan, reflecting on his career during the country’s dark years, is a tour de force of unreliable narration.
95. The Beginning of Spring by Penelope Fitzgerald (1988)
Fitzgerald’s story, set in Russia just before the Bolshevik revolution, is her masterpiece: a brilliant miniature whose peculiar magic almost defies analysis.
96. Breathing Lessons by Anne Tyler (1988)
Anne Tyler’s portrayal of a middle-aged, mid-American marriage displays her narrative clarity, comic timing and ear for American speech to perfection.
97. Amongst Womenby John McGahern (1990)
This modern Irish masterpiece is both a study of the fault of Irish patriarchy and an elegy for a lost world.
98. Underworld by Don DeLillo (1997)
A writer of “frightening perception”, Don DeLillo guides the reader in an epic journey through America’s history and popular culture.
99. Disgrace by JM Coetzee (1999)
In his Booker-winning masterpiece, Coetzee’s intensely human vision infuses a fictional world that both invites and confounds political interpretation.
100. True History of the Kelly Gang by Peter Carey (2000)
VS Naipaul’s hellish vision of an African nation’s path to independence saw him accused of racism, but remains his masterpiece.
91. Midnight’s Children by Salman Rushdie (1981)
The personal and the historical merge in Salman Rushdie’s dazzling, game-changing Indian English novel of a young man born at the very moment of Indian independence.
92. Housekeeping by Marilynne Robinson (1981)
Marilynne Robinson’s tale of orphaned sisters and their oddball aunt in a remote Idaho town is admired by everyone from Barack Obama to Bret Easton Ellis.
Nick Frost as John Self Martin Amis’s Money.
93. Money: A Suicide Note by Martin Amis (1984)
Martin Amis’s era-defining ode to excess unleashed one of literature’s greatest modern monsters in self-destructive antihero John Self.
94. An Artist of the Floating World by Kazuo Ishiguro (1986)
Kazuo Ishiguro’s novel about a retired artist in postwar Japan, reflecting on his career during the country’s dark years, is a tour de force of unreliable narration.
95. The Beginning of Spring by Penelope Fitzgerald (1988)
Fitzgerald’s story, set in Russia just before the Bolshevik revolution, is her masterpiece: a brilliant miniature whose peculiar magic almost defies analysis.
96. Breathing Lessons by Anne Tyler (1988)
Anne Tyler’s portrayal of a middle-aged, mid-American marriage displays her narrative clarity, comic timing and ear for American speech to perfection.
97. Amongst Womenby John McGahern (1990)
This modern Irish masterpiece is both a study of the fault of Irish patriarchy and an elegy for a lost world.
98. Underworld by Don DeLillo (1997)
A writer of “frightening perception”, Don DeLillo guides the reader in an epic journey through America’s history and popular culture.
99. Disgrace by JM Coetzee (1999)
In his Booker-winning masterpiece, Coetzee’s intensely human vision infuses a fictional world that both invites and confounds political interpretation.
100. True History of the Kelly Gang by Peter Carey (2000)