of “interpretive communities”?
Answer: Fish
90. Who coined the term ecriture feminine?
Answer: Cixous
91. Who won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2017?
Answer: Ishiguro
92. What is /v/ in English phonetics?
Answer: Voiced labio-dental frictive
93. How many syllables does the word “inaccessibility”?
Answer: 7 (In-ac-ces-si-bil-i-ty)
94. Who coined the term PS (Phrase Structure) Grammar?
Answer: Chomsky
95. “An unstressed syllable followed by a stressed syllable”-Identify the metre.
Answer: Iambic
96. “Crown” standing for the king-Identify the figure of speech.
Answer: Metonymy
97. The word “Pram” is derived from “perambulator”. What is this process known as?
Answer: Syncopation
98. To what family (of languages) does French belong?
Answer:caltic
99. What is an Alexandrine with reference to metre”?
Answer: A line of six iambic feet
100. Who wrote Refractions:Essays in Comparative Literature?
Answer: Harry Levin

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#THEORIES_WITH_Authors

1. Aestheticism –

often associated with Romanticism, a philosophy defining aesthetic value as the primary goal in understanding literature. This includes both literary critics who have tried to understand and/or identify aesthetic values and those like Oscar Wilde who have stressed art for art's sake.
I.Oscar Wilde,
II.Walter Pater,
III.Harold Bloom

2. American pragmatism and other American approaches
I.Harold Bloom,
II.Stanley Fish,
III.Richard Rorty

3. Cognitive Cultural Studies –
applies research in cognitive neuroscience, cognitive evolutionary psychology and anthropology, and philosophy of mind to the study of literature and culture

I.Frederick Luis Aldama,
II.Mary Thomas Crane,
III.Nancy Easterlin,
IV.William Flesch,
V.David Herman,
VI.Suzanne Keen,
VII.Patrick Colm Hogan,
VIIIAlan Richardson,
IX.Ellen Spolsky,
X.Blakey Vermeule,
XI.Lisa Zunshine

4. Cultural studies –
emphasizes the role of literature in everyday life
I.Raymond Williams,
II.Dick Hebdige, and Stuart Hall (British Cultural Studies);
III.Max Horkheimer and Theodor Adorno;
IV.Michel de Certeau; also Paul Gilroy, John Guillory

5. Deconstruction –
a strategy of "close" reading that elicits the ways that key terms and concepts may be paradoxical or self-undermining, rendering their meaning undecidable
I.Jacques Derrida,
II.Paul de Man,
III.J. Hillis Miller,
IV.Philippe Lacoue-Labarthe,
V.Gayatri Spivak,
VI.Avital Ronell

6. Eco-criticism –
explores cultural connections and human relationships to the natural world.

7. Gender –
which emphasizes themes of gender relations
I.Luce Irigaray,
II.Judith Butler,
III.Hélène Cixous,
IV.Elaine Showalter

8. Formalism –
a school of literary criticism and literary theory having mainly to do with structural purposes of a particular text

8. German hermeneutics and philology
I.Friedrich Schleiermacher,
II.Wilhelm Dilthey,
III.Hans-Georg Gadamer,
IV.Erich Auerbach,
V.René Wellek

9. Marxism (Marxist literary criticism) –
which emphasizes themes of class conflict
I.Georg Lukács,
II.Valentin Voloshinov,
III.Raymond Williams,
IV.Terry Eagleton,
V.Fredric Jameson,
VI.Theodor Adorno,
VII.Walter Benjamin

10.New Criticism –
looks at literary works on the basis of what is written, and not at the goals of the author or biographical issues
I.W. K. Wimsatt,
II.F. R. Leavis,
III.John Crowe Ransom,
IV.Cleanth Brooks,
V.Robert Penn Warren

11.New Historicism –
which examines the work through its historical context and seeks to understand cultural and intellectual history through literature
I.Stephen Greenblatt,
II.Louis Montrose,
III.Jonathan Goldberg,
IV.H. Aram Veeser

12. Postcolonialism –
focuses on the influences of colonialism in literature, especially regarding the historical conflict resulting from the exploitation of less developed countries and indigenous peoples by Western nations
I.Edward Said,
II.Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak,
III.Homi Bhabha and Declan Kiberd

13. Postmodernism –
criticism of the conditions present in the twentieth century, often with concern for those viewed as social deviants or the Other
I

.Michel Foucault,
II.Roland Barthes,
III.Gilles Deleuze,
IV.Félix Guattari
V. Maurice Blanchot

14. Post-structuralism –
a catch-all term for various theoretical approaches (such as deconstruction) that criticize or go beyond Structuralism's aspirations to create a rational science of culture by extrapolating the model of linguistics to other discursive and aesthetic formations
I.Roland Barthes,
II.Michel Foucault,
III.Julia Kristeva

15. Psychoanalysis (psychoanalytic literary criticism) – explores the role of consciousnesses and the unconscious in literature including that of the author, reader, and characters in the text
I. Sigmund Freud,
II.Jacques Lacan,
III.Harold Bloom,
IV.Slavoj Žižek,
V.Viktor Tausk

16. Queer theory –
examines, questions, and criticizes the role of gender identity and sexuality in literature
I.Judith Butler,
II.Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick,
III.Michel Foucault

17. Reader-response criticism –
focuses upon the active response of the reader to a text
I.Louise Rosenblatt,
II.Wolfgang Iser,
III.Norman Holland,
IV.Hans-Robert Jauss,
V.Stuart Hall

18. Russian formalism
I.Victor Shklovsky,
II.Vladimir Propp

19.Structuralism and semiotics (see semiotic literary criticism) –
examines the universal underlying structures in a text, the linguistic units in a text and how the author conveys meaning through any structures
I.Ferdinand de Saussure,
II.Roman Jakobson,
III.Claude Lévi-Strauss,
IV.Roland Barthes,
V.Mikhail Bakhtin,
VI.Yurii Lotman,
VII.Umberto Eco,
VIII.Jacques Ehrmann,
IX.Northrop FFry

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Authors, Literary works & Important Characters

William Shakespeare:
King Lear (Play) King Lear; Goneril; Regan; Cordelia

Hamlet (Play) Hamlet; Ophelia; Claudius; Gertrude

Othello (Play) Othello; Desdemona

Macbeth (Play) Macbeth; Lady Macbeth; Duncan; Banquo; Three Witches

Twelfth Night(Play) Viola; Duke Orsino; Malvolio; Olivia; Sebastian

Measure for Measure (Play) Isabella; Juliet; Lucio; Angelo; Claudio

The Tempest (Play) Prospero; Miranda; Ferdinand; Caliban; Ariel

Merchant of Venice (Play) Shylock; Portia; Antonio; Bassanio; Jessica

John Milton:
Paradise Lost (Epic) Adam; Eve; Satan; Raphael; Michael.

Jane Austen:
Pride and Prejudice (Novel)
Mr. Darcy; Elizabeth Bennet; Jane Bennet; Charles Bingley;
Mr. William Collins; Kitty Bennet; Lydia Bennet.

Charlotte Bronte:
Jane Eyre (Novel)
Jane Eyre; Edward Rochester; Georgiana; Reed; Bertha Mason.

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English Literature MCQ (Early -1550)

• Goethe defined literature “the humanization of the whole world”
• In 450 coming of Saxons to England
• Bede wrote Ecclesiastical History of the English People in 731
• Weimer Classicism is a cultural and literary movement, the movement from 1772 until 1805 involved John Wolfgang von Goethe as German literary writer.
• His first novel was The Sorrow of Young Werther
• Anglo-Saxon literature ranges from 7th to 11th
• Anglo-Saxons were people who in habitated from Germanic Tribes. Anglo-Saxon periods denote the early settlement of British history until the Norman conquest, between about 450 and 1066.
• Norman were from Scandinavia
• Norman defeat the Anglo Saxon King in the battle of Hastings in 1066
• Normans brought with them Chornicles
• Anglo Saxon Poetry has been derived from Church
• The main result of the victory of Normans over French as they lost their civilization
• William , the duke of Normandy became the master of England beating the last of the Saxon Kings
• The main outcome of the battle of the Hastings in 1066 was that it changed the civilization of whole nation
• Chanson National Epic is also known as “Chanson de Roland”
• Complete history of Britons was written by Geoffrey of Monmouth, who was a Welsh Monk
• Battle of Hastings , Death of Edward and William of Normandy becomes the king in 1066
• Advocate’s Library gives a complete picture of Normandy Literature
• Merri Greenwood Men ballads were later collected into Geste of Robin Hood
• Seven Wise Masters is a collection of French oriental tales
• The Matter of Greece , is related

to tales of Alexander
• Alisoun is the melodious love song written at the end of 13th century
• Rule of Achoresses , an English prose written by Bishop Poore in 1225
• Battle of Brunan was an English victory in 937 by the army of the Athelstan, King of England and his brother Edmund over the Scots.
• Battle of Hastings was fought on 14th October 1066 between Norman French army an English Army under the Anglo Saxon King Harold II.
• The battle of Lewes took place in 1264, conflict known as Second Baron’s War. War took place between Henry III and Simon de Manfort .
• Henry II also known as Henry Curtmentle.( 1154-89)
• Edward I reign 1272 t0 1307 , was first son of Henry III
• Cursor Mundi, a metrical romance was written in 1320
• Edward III defeated the French at the Battle of Poitiers and battle of Crecy in 1336 and 1346. The Battle of Poitiers was a major battle between England and France, popularly known Hundred Years’ War.
• Laurence Minot (1330-1352 ) , he belongs to patriotic versifier.
• The first public school, Winchester College was established in 1373.
• Peasant Revolt also known as Wat Tyler’s revolt was a major revolt of 1381. The problems generated by the black death in 1340. It estimated 75 to 200 million people died in Europe.
• Fall of Constantinople, the capital of eastern Roman Empire (6th April -29th of May 1453.
• Black Death 1348-49
• Battle of Crecy was in 1346
• Henry IV ascended the throne in 1399 to 1413
• The war of roses was the series of dynastic wars of the throne of England. Between House of York and house of Lancaster (1455-1487)
• Post Chaucerian period is known as 1400-1455
• Edward III came to the throne in 1327.
• Richard II came to the throne in 1377
• East midland dialect became standard English (king’s English) by the time of Chaucer.
• In war of Roses , roses stands for Houses.
• Henry VII is also known as defender of the faith.
• French had become official language after Norman conquest in 1066
• Magna Carta in 1215
• 1340 , birth of Geoffrey Chaucer
• 1370 , Chaucer wrote Book of Duchess
• 1377 , Langland wrote Piers Plowmen
• 1400 , death of Chaucer and murder of Richard II
• 1415, Battle of Agincourt
• William Caxton, History of troy, the First book in Engl Iish in the year 1474-75.
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Neo - classical age in English literature (1660-1798)......

Neoclassical age reached after the decaying of Commonwealth period. During This period monarchy system continued again all over England .the writers of this period tried to imitate the style of Roman and Greeks. The combination of the term "neo " which means new and another "classical "as in the day of Roman and Greek classics. There was the era of enlightenment which emphasised logic and reason. This period was preceded by renaissance period and followed by romantic era. Before renaissance life and literature was mainly dictated by the church, however during renaissance science and innovation was given maim emphasises. In neo classical era a vast difference between the two ideologies can be witnessed. There are confusion and contrary depiction too. Neo classical period ended in 1798 when Wordsworth published the romantic lyrical ballad.
this age can be divided into three small periods....
1) restoration period or the age of Dryden (1660-1700)
2) the age of Pope or Augustan age (1700-1750)
3) the age of Johnson (1750-1798)

* characterization of neo classical age
It was the time of comfortableness in England. It was the beginning of the British tradition drinking tea and it was the starting point of middle class .for this reason more people were literate. It was the same time when eight monarchy took throne.

* the effect of epic poetry ,novels and criticism swept all over Europe during this period. The rape of the lock by Alexander pope , an essay on dramatic criticism and other novels were popular too.

drama began to decline during this period. This was the age of theatre so people became attracted too much towards actor and actresses rather than playwrights. They were losing their interest in plays and playwrights which were being produced ever. The rise of the novel displaced the drama. Novels appeared as better way to depict life, manners and ideas.
Revival of old plays hindered the creation of new plays .the plays of Shakespeare ,beauomont and Fletcher were revived. Shakespeare like Romeo Juliet, king Lear were given happy endings.
the drama of the age failed to receive the support of king. William 3 was no patron of the theatre, nor was queen Anne, nor was the first two Georges, without support of the king. It was difficult for the dramatists to put their influence over the public of the day.
moral restraint was followed by the political restraint. As a result of freedom fielding and other attacked Walpole 'S government a licensing act was passed and censorship was appeared on the drama. According to the act dramatist couldn't produce plays.

HEROIC DRAMA *
Heroic tragedy was called heroic drama. Dryden main supporter of the tragedy called it heroic drama. Plays were written in the classical model of the rhyming couplet and later in blank verse tragedy. Theme was based on the struggle between love and honor. The hero and heroine were cast on grand scale and their dialogues consisted of elaborated speeches in rhymed 10 syallbaled couplets, full of emotions.

* the place of sentimental and anti sentimental comedies **

sentimental comedies were famous.
1)colley cibber - love's last shift, provoked husband.
2)richard Steele was famous for periodical essays. The lying lover, the tender husband were famous.
3)hugh Kelly =false delicacy
4) Richard Cumberland = he wrote thirty plays. Most of them were tragedies. West Indian and the fashionable lover were his famous comedies.
5) Sheridan = school for scandal
6) Addison, goldsmith were famous too....

*a. Mathew Prior’s Alma is an imitation of Hudibras.*

*b. Solomon is a long and serious poem by Addison.*

*c. Pope’s two translated works are Iliad and Odyssey.*

*d. Moral Essays was written by Pope.*

*e. Horace Walpole: Life is a comedy to those who think and a tragedy to those who feel.*

*f. Treasure Island is a famous moment of Stevenson.*

*g. Sheridan’s play The Rivals came out in 1775, his School for scandal came out in 1777.*

*h. Robinson Crusoe – Friday (Cannibal). The Vicar ofWakefield – Moses, Olivia, Sophia.*

*i. The first of the ‘robot’ books – Frankenstein written by Mary Shelley.*

*j. Don Quixote (a Picaresque novel) – Written by Cervantes, Moll Flanders (a picaresque novel) – written by Defoe.*

*k. There are 18 books in Tom Jones. This novel by Fielding is dedicated to George Littleton.*

*l. Thomas Chesterton (1752-70), a poet of the Pre-Romantic period committed suicide at the age of 18.*

*m. Doer’s Lament has the constant refrain “that was lived through, so can this be” or in other words, “his sorrow passed away, so will mine”.*

*n. Ulysses (1922) a novel by James Joyce is set in a single day in Dublin, the hero is leopald Bloom.*

*o. Of Human Bondage (1915), the autobiographical novel of Somerset Maugham is a study in frustration.*

*p. Dylan Thomas' Portrait of the Artist as a Young Dog(1940) is a collection of short stories.*

*q. Robinson Crusoe an adventurous tale by Daniel Defoe (1659-1731) which appeared in 1719 was inspired to a slight extent by the adventures of the Scottish sailor Alexander Selkirk, whome Defoe had interviewed atBristol.*

*r. A Tale of Tub, a brilliant satire on roman Catholics and Calvinists, on critics and bad writers; The Battle of the books, a satiric by product of the Bentley controversy;Gulliver’s Travels – written by Swift.*

Books and author.!!
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https://m.facebook.com/English.Literature.NET.SET.PGT/
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• Amrita Pritam :- Forty Nine Days
• Anil Padmanaban :- Kalpana Chawla – A Life
• Anita Desai :- Fasting, Feasting
• Annie Besant :-Wakeup India
• Arundhati Roy :- The God of Small Things
• Barack Obama :- Dreams From My Father
• Bill Clinton :- My Life
• C.S. Pandit :- End of the Era
• Chetan Bhagat :- The 3 Mistakes of My Life, Five Point Someone, Two States, Revolution 2020, One Night at the Call Center, Half Girlfriend.
• Diplomat Pavan
• K.Varma :-When Loss is Gain
• Dr. Bimal Jalan :- The Future of India
• Dr. S. Radhakrishnan :- Indian Philosophy
• Arunima Sinha :-Born again on the Mountain
• Rajmohan Gandhi-: Prince of Gujarat:The Extraordinary story of Prince Gopaldas Desai
• Rajdeep Sardesai-: 2014:The election that changed
• Indira Gandhi :- My Truth
• Jackie Chan :- My Life in Action
• Jawaharlal Nehru :- Glimpses of World History, The Discovery of India
• Jonathan Swift : – Gulliver Travels
• K. R. Malkani :- India First
• Kalidasa :- Megdoot, kumarasambhava, Swapnavasavadatta, Malavikagnimitra
• Kautilya :- Arthashastra
• Khuswant Singh :-We Indians, Train To Pakistan, Women and Men in My Life ,The Good ,The bad and the Ridiculous.
• Koutilya :- Arthashastra
• L.K. Advani :- My Nation My Life
• Lala Lajpat Rai :- Unhappy India
• Sandeep Unnithan :-Black Tornado: The Three Sieges of Mumbai 26/11
• Mahatma Gandhi :- My Experiments with Truth
• Mrs. Indira Gandhi :- Eternal India
• N.R. Narayan Murthy :- A Better India A Better World
• Pranab Mukherjee :- The Dramatic Decade: The Indira Gandhi Years
• Narendra Modi :- Jyoti punj
• S Hussain Zaidi :-My Name is Abu Salem
• R. C. Dutt :- Economic History of India
• R.K. Narayanan :- My Days, The Guide, Malgudi days, Waiting for the Mahatma, The Dark Room, The Bachelors of Art, The English Teacher, The Financial Expert
• Rabindranath Tagore :- Lipika, Chandralika, Chitra, Geethanjali, Gora, Ghare, Broken Ties, Malini, Sacrifice, Two Sisters , Bhaire, Chaturanga
• RBI Governor Raghuram Rajan : Aid and Growth, Fault Lines, India’s Pattern of Development, The Real Effect of Banking Crises Controlled Capital Account Liberalization
• Sachin Tendulkar :- ‘Playing it My Way’
• Sarojini Naidu :- Broken Wing, Golden Threshold
• Shakespeare : – Hamlet, Othello, Macbeth, King Lear
• Sharat Chandra Chatterjee :- Devdas
• Sadruddin Hashwani :- Truth Always Prevails
• Sir Arthur Conan Doyle :- The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes
• Sunil Gavaskar :- One Day Wonders
• Swami Vivekananda :- Inspired Talks, The Sleeping Giant, Living at the State, Way of the Saint, Jnana Yoga, Raja Yoga, My Master, Women of India, Vedanta Philosophy • Tolstoy :-War and Piece
• Chetan Bhagat :- Half Girlfriend
• Richard Flanagan :- The Narrow Road to the Deep North
• Valmiki :- Ramayana
• Veda Vyas :- Bhagwad Gita, Mahabharata
• Vikram Seth :- Two Lives, The Golden Gate, A Suitable Boy, Arion and The Dolphin, An Equal Music, From Heaven Lake:Travels
• Vishnu Sharma :- Panchatantra
• Yann Martel :- Life of Pi
• Dr UD Choubey :- Untold Story of Indian Public Sector
• Dilip D’Souza :- Final Test: Exit Sachin Tendulkar
• Bette Dam :- A Man and a Motorcycle, How Hamid Karzai Came to Power”:
• Vinod Rai :- Not Just an Accountant
• K Giriprakash :- The Vijay Mallya Story
• Naseeruddin Shah’s :- And Then One Day
• Yashwardhan Shukla :- God of Antarctica
• Kunwar Natwar Singh :- One Life is Not Enough
• Devendra Prasad Yadav :- Munger through the Ages
• Neel Mukherjee :- The Lives of Others (Novel is short listed for the prestigious Man Booker Prize 2014.)
• Uday Tara Nayar :- The Substance and the Shadow
• T V Paul :- Warrior State
• Edward Klein :-Blood Feud
• Deepti Kapoor :- A Bad Character
• Jean Dreze and Amartya Sen :- An Uncertain Glory: India and its Contradictions
• Satish Gujral :- A Brush with Life
• V.S. Naipaul :- A Bend in the river
• Kiran Desai :- Inheritance of Loss
• R.D.Pradhan :- My Years with Rajiv and Sonia written
• Sameer Kochhar :- ModiNomics: Inclusive Economics, Inclusive Gove

rnance
• PC Parakh :- Crusader or Conspirator? Coalgate and other Truths
• Dr. Sanjaya Baru :- The Accidental Prime Minister: The Making and Unmaking of Manmohan Singh.
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Photo from Prof. Karanjkar.S.M

---------------------------------
❤️Define metaphysical poetry?

Ans. Metaphysical poetry is highly intellectual ized poetry marked by bold and ingenious conceits, incongruous imagery, complexity and subtlety of though, frequent use of paradox, and often by deliberate harshness or rigidity of expression. John Donne, Henry Vaughan and Andrew Marvell are famous metaphy sical poets.

--------------------------------
❤️What are the three moods of love in Donne's poems?

Ans. The first mood of love is cynical. It celebrates the physical appetite, notably presented in the "Elegies". The second mood of love is conjugal. It is a mutually enjoyed love between man and woman as found in "A Valedi ction: Forbidding Mourning". Thirdly, there is the Platonic love, as in "The Canonization", where love is regarded as a holy emotion like the worship of a devotee of God.

GIRISH KARNAD

He is rightly called the Renaissance Man for his versatility, his interest and achievements in many fields. We can apply to him what Johnson said about Goldsmith, "He touched nothing that he did not adorn."

1.He studied in Oxford University as a Rhodes Scholar. (1960--63).
2.His first play was the critically acclaimed YAYATI (1961) written while still at Oxford. Centred on the story of a mythological King, the play established Karnad's use of the themes of History and Mythology that would inform his work over the following decades.
3. The next play 'TUGHLAQ' (1964) tells the story of the 14th century sultan Muhammad Bin Tughlaq and remains among the best known of his works.
4. Samskara, (1970) marked his entry into film making. The film is an adaptation of an anti - caste novel by UR Anantamurthy. Girish Karnad wrote the screenplay and played the lead role. This was followed by Vamsavriksha (1971) codirected by BV Karanth.
5. In 1971, he wrote HAYAVADANA, widely recognised as among the most important plays of post- independence India.
6. In 1974, he was awarded the Padma Sri for his contribution to theatre.
7. In 1984, he directed the critically acclaimed Hindi film UTSAV, an adaptation of Sudraka's 4th century Sanskrit play, Mrichchakatika.
8. In 1988, in NAGAMANDALA, Karnad framed an unhappy contemporary marriage in imagery drawn from Kannada folk tales.
9. In 1992, he was bestowed Padma Bhushan in recognition of his contribution to the arts.
10. In 1999, Gnanpith, India's highest literary award was awarded to Karnad, for his contribution to Literature and Theatre.
11. In 2017, he was conferred the Tata Literature Live Lifetime Achievement award for his outstanding contribution in the field of Theatre.
12. In the TV series, Malgudi Days, he acted the role of Swami's father.
13. He had served as director of the Film and Television Institute of India and Chairman of Sangeet Natak Academy and National Academy of Performing Arts.
14. Karnad's plays explore folklore, mythology and history and are a reflection of the struggles and challenges of contemporary life.
15. In an interview to The Tribune in 1999, Karnad said, "The energy of the folk theatre comes from the fact that although it seems to uphold traditional values, it also has the means of questioning those values, of making them literally stand on their heads."

Emailing MBA-ResearchMethodology-1stYear.pdf

1. Who first coined the term ‘The Theatre of The Absurd’ in 1961?

(A) Martin Esslin

(B) Arthur Copit

(C) Genet

(D) Adamov

2. The term ‘The Theatre of The Absurd’ was philosophically based on-

(A) Myth of Sisphus

(B) The Balcony

(C) Ping Pong

(D) Decamaroon

3. Arnold’s Thyrsis is a fine example of —

(A) monody

(B) sonnet

(C) ballad

(D) idyll

4. Terence and Plautus were two names related to—

(A) The Theatre of the Absurd

(B) Restoration Comedy

(C) Archetype

(D) Academic Drama

5. Academic dramas were popular in …….century.

(A) 16th

(B) 20th

(C) 21st

(D) 18th

6. Acmeism, an anti-symbolist movement, flourished during the …..century.

(A) 20th

(B) 21st

(C) 19th

(D) 18th

7. Who made the practice of 4-Acts plays?

(A) Shakespeare

(B) Jonson

(C) Dryden

(D) Ibsen

8. ‘Art for art’s sake’ is the basis of---

(A) Aestheticism

(B) Expressionism

(C) Futurism

(D) Acmeism

9. Who coined the phrase “I’ art pour I’ art”?

(A) Benjamin Constant

(B) Gautier

(C) Baudlaire

(D) None of the above

10. The French aestheticism was brought into England by—

(A) Oscar Wilde

(B) Gautier

(C) Walter Pater

(D) Shaw

11. Which one is known as the Regular Ode ?

(A) Strophe

(B) Epode

(C) Anti-strophe

(D) None of the above

12. Who defined the term ‘Affective Fallacy’?

(A) Wimsatt

(B) Beardsley

(C) None of these

(D) Both (A) & (B)

13. “……means playing with any familiar person, event, legend or idea or an oblique hint to something in passing, without explicitly mentioning it.”

(A) Paradox

(B) Conceit

(C) Saga

(D) Allusion

14. Which term is used when the event or person is historically incorrect?

(A) Allusion

(B) Conceit

(C) Saga

(D) Anachronism

15. A literary from, which describes the physical and psychological details author’s personality, is known as—

(A) Dumb show

(B) Antithesis

(C) Anti-novel

(D) None of these

16. Who used first this term?

(A) Lesslie

(B) Nathalie Sarraute

(C) Balzac

(D) Michel Butor

17. This term was first used in the year—

(A) 1948

(B) 1957

(C) 1965

(D) 1951

18. To evoke maximum excitement with minimum information is the chief characteristic of—

(A) anti-novel

(B) dramatic monologue

(C) biography

(D) anti-drama

19. The well known example of Allegory is—

(A) Pilgrim’s Progress

(B) Animal Farm

(C) Lord of the Flies

(D) All the above

20. Which one betrays a spiritual or morl lesson under a familiar story at the surface level?

(A) Parable

(B) Allusion

(C) Comic-epic

(D) Burlesque

21. When some human emotions or feeling are ascribed to an inanimate natural object, the term, used, is --

(A) repartee

(B) pathetic fallacy

(C) invocation

(D) conceit

22. Who coined the phrase ‘pathetic fallacy’?

(A) T.S. Eliot

(B) Ruskin

(C) Coleridge

(D) Pater

23. Which form of novel is known as a novel of the road?

(A) Realistic

(B) Psychological

(C) Picaresque

(D) Romantic

24. An excellent instance of a well-knit plot is—

(A) Richardson’s Pamela

(B) Fielding’s Tom Jones

(C) Fielding’s Joseph Andrews

(D) None of the above

25. The well-known instance of the ‘novel of action’ is—

(A) Fielding’s Joseph Andrews

(B) Stevenson’s Treasure Island

(C) Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice

(D) None of these

26. Donne and his followers were christened ‘Metaphysical Poets’ by—

(A) C.S. Lewis

(B) Dr. Johnson

(C) Bacon

(D) Dryden

27. ‘Metaphysical Poetry’, as it stands today, implies—

(A) intellectual flight and a blend of passion and thought

(B) wit and far-fetched conceits

(C) logical analysis and mysticism

(D) all the above

28. Who used the term ‘Oedipus complex’ for the first time ?

(A) T. S. Eliot

(B) Dr. Jhonson

(C) Nietzache

(D) Sigmund Freud

29. The influential essay ‘Metaphysical Poets’ has been written by—

(A) Donne

(B) Vaughan

(C) Cowley

(D) T.S. Eliot

30. The metre which is most common in English poetry is—

(A) syllabic metre

(B) quantitative

(C) accentual syllabic metre

(D) accentual metre

31. The normal group of syliables in English are—

(A) iambic

(B) anapaestic

(C) trochaic

(D) all of these

32. A

metre line is further named according to the number of ‘feet’ composing it. As such, ‘Pentametre’ has ……. Feet.

(A) 4

(B) 5

(C) 7

(D) 8

33. ‘Hexametre’, which was the most popular ancient measure, consists of …..feet.

(A) 4

(B) 6

(C) 7

(D) 8

34. Almost the whole of modern English poetry has been dominated by—

(A) iambic pentameter

(B) iambic hexameter

(C) iambic heptameter

(D) iambic tetrameter

35. The term ‘mime’, which denotes a type of drama in which an actor tells a story by means of gestures, originated in—

(A) ancient Greek and Rome

(B) France and Rome

(C) Italy and England

(D) none of the above

36. In recent times, the artists who have brought mime to the attention of audiences all over the world are—

(A) Jean Louis Barranlt

(B) Marcel Marcean

(C) Both (A) & (B)

(D) none of the above

37. The ‘Miracle Plays’ flourished in England from about the—

(A) 12th to 14th century

(B) 12th to 15th century

(C) 14th to 16th century

(D) 12th to 16th century

38. One of the earliest instances of a mock-epic poem in literature is believed to be—

(A) The Battle of Frog and Mice

(B) Culex

(C) Canterbury Tales

(D) None of the above

39. The first successful example of a truly mock-heroic poem is believed to be—

(A) “The Battle of Frog and Mice” by Homer

(B) “The Nun’s Priest’s Tale” by Chaucer

(C) “The Rape of the Bucket” by Tassoni

(D) None of the above

40. The best example of ‘Novel of Character’ is supposed to be—

(A) Thackeray’s Vanity Fair

(B) Scott’s Ivanhoe

(C) Richardson’s Pamela

(D) None of the above

41. The famous ‘Novel of Manners’ are—

(A) Pamela

(B) Tom Jones

(C) Vanity Fair

(D) All these

42. Which term is used when sexual pleasure is derived by inflicting psychological or physical pain on the victim?

(A) Stream of consciousness

(B) Oedipus Complex

(C) Sadism

(D) Electra complex

43. In which literary form a legendary hero of the past performs some wonderful adventures and makes some heroic achievements?

(A) Romance

(B) Picaresque novel

(C) Saga

(D) Sadistic novel

44. Who coined the term, ‘sensuousness’?

(A) Keats

(B) Browning

(C) Spenser

(D) Milton

45. Who criticized Coleridge for the latter’s lack of Negative Capability?

(A) Keats

(B) Wordsworth

(C) Eliot

(D) Hudson

46. The prime example of the Negative Capability as viewed by Keats, was---

(A) Coleridge

(B) Milton

(C) Shakespeare

(D) Wordsworth

47. Novel is the ……. of the literary forms.

(A) youngest

(B) oldest

(C) most primitive

(D) none of these

48. The term ‘Medievalism’ was first used by –

(A) Dr. Jhonson

(B) Carlyle

(C) Coleridge

(D) Ruskin

49. Who invented the term ‘comic-epic in prose’ ?

(A) Pope

(B) Walter Scott

(C) Henry Fielding

(D) Henry James

50. Who originated the genre ‘Melodrama’ ?

(A) Tom Taylor

(B) Martin Esslin

(C) Thomas Carlyle

(D) Jean-Jacques Rousseau

Answers : 1. (A) 2. (A) 3. (A) 4. (D) 5. (A) 6. (A) 7. (D) 8. (A) 9. (A) 10. (C) 11. (B) 12. (D) 13. (D) 14. (D) 15. (C) 16. (B) 17. (B) 18. (D) 19. (D) 20. (A) 21. (B) 22. (B) 23. (C) 24. (B) 25. (B) 26. (B) 27. (D) 28. (D) 29. (D) 30. (C) 31. (D) 32. (B) 33. (B) 34. (A) 35. (A) 36. (C) 37. (D) 38. (A) 39. (C) 40. (A) 41. (D) 42. (C) 43. (C) 44. (D) 45. (A) 46. (C) 47. (A) 48. (D) 49. (C) 50. (D).

Plays: The Swamp Dwellers, pr. 1958; The Invention, pr. 1959 (one act); The Lion and the Jewel, pr. 1959; A Dance of the Forests, pr. 1960; The Trials of Brother Jero, pr. 1960; The Strong Breed, pb. 1963; Three Plays, 1963; Five Plays, 1964; Kongi’s Harvest, pr. 1964; The Road, pr., pb. 1965; Madmen and Specialists, pr. 1970 (revised pr., pb. 1971); The Bacchae, pr., pb. 1973 (adaptation of Euripides’ play); Jero’s Metamorphosis, pb. 1973; Collected Plays, 1973-1974 (2 volumes); Death and the King’s Horseman, pb. 1975; Opera Wonyosi, pr. 1977 (adaptation of Bertolt Brecht’s play The Three-penny Opera); Requiem for a Futurologist, pr. 1983; A Play of Giants, pr., pb. 1984; Six Plays, 1984; From Zia, with Love, pr., pb. 1992; The Beatification of Area Boy: A Lagosian Kaleidoscope, pb. 1995; Plays: Two, 1999.

Wole Soyinka

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#QUIZ
11. Which literary scholar wrote Towards Greek Tragedy?

(a) Edmund Burke
(b) William Ridgeway
(c) William Hazlitt
(d) Brian Vickers ✅

12. Which mathematician/ scholar wrote the work The Impact of Science on Society?

(a) Newton
(b) Russell ✅
(c) Descartes
(d) Rousseau

13. What is the major concern of Arnold’s Literature and Dogma?

(a) Criticism
(b) Culture
(c) Theology ✅
(d) Society

14. Which Modernist writer wrote the poem “Coriolanus”?

(a) T. S. Eliot ✅
(b) Dylan Thomas
(c) Louis MacNeice
(d) Stephen Spender

15. “The Figure a Poem Makes” is an essay by the Pulitzer winning writer________.

(a) Allan Poe
(b) Walt Whitman
(c) John Crowe Ransom
(d) Robert Frost✅

16. Which is the first archaeological treatise in English?

(a) The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire
(b) Hydriotaphia ✅
(c) The Antiquary
(d) Anatomy of Melancholy

17. Herman Melville’s Moby Dick is dedicated to which contemporary American writer?

(a) Ralph Waldo Emerson
(b) Edgar Allan Poe
(c) Nathaniel Hawthorne ✅
(d) James Fenimore Cooper

18. A.C. Bradley’s 10 essay collection Shakespearean Tragedy was published in which year?

(a) 1920
(b) 1909
(c) 1917
(d) 1904 ✅

19. Where was the essay “Hamlet and his Problems,” which regards Hamlet as an artistic failure, originally published?

(a) The Criterion
(b) The Egoist
(c) The Sacred Wood ✅
(d) TLS

20. Who called Henry James, “the Victorian of fine consciousness”?

(a) Matthew Arnold
(b) Virginia Woolf
(c) Joseph Conrad ✅
(d) Thomas Hardy