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384.TheJourneyoftheMagiisapoemwrittenbyT.S.Eliot.Anotherpiecewrittenby‘O’Henryistitled--------(TheGiftoftheMagi)
385.WhatisthelengthofT.S.Eliot’sTheWasteLand?(FiveParts–about400lines)
386.BetweenOctober–November1922TheWasteLandwasserializedin--------(TheCriterion)
387.HowwouldyouclassifyThelove–songofAlfredY.Prufrock’?(Asadramaticmonologue)
388.HippopotamusapoembyT.S.Eliotisasatireon--------(TheChurch)389.WhoistheauthorofI.Claudius?(RobertGraves)
390.Never,NeverLandisdepictedin--------(ThePigeonbyJohnGalsworthy)
391.Humannaturedoesnotchange.ThisThemerunsin--------(J.M.Barrie’sDearBrutus)
392.Whosays‘Godotwillcomeandwewillbesavedifwedrophim’hiswillpunishus--------(Vladimir)
393.IntheplayChairs,Lonescoshowsemptinessofexistencebyrepresenting--------(Emptychairs)
384.TheJourneyoftheMagiisapoemwrittenbyT.S.Eliot.Anotherpiecewrittenby‘O’Henryistitled--------(TheGiftoftheMagi)
385.WhatisthelengthofT.S.Eliot’sTheWasteLand?(FiveParts–about400lines)
386.BetweenOctober–November1922TheWasteLandwasserializedin--------(TheCriterion)
387.HowwouldyouclassifyThelove–songofAlfredY.Prufrock’?(Asadramaticmonologue)
388.HippopotamusapoembyT.S.Eliotisasatireon--------(TheChurch)389.WhoistheauthorofI.Claudius?(RobertGraves)
390.Never,NeverLandisdepictedin--------(ThePigeonbyJohnGalsworthy)
391.Humannaturedoesnotchange.ThisThemerunsin--------(J.M.Barrie’sDearBrutus)
392.Whosays‘Godotwillcomeandwewillbesavedifwedrophim’hiswillpunishus--------(Vladimir)
393.IntheplayChairs,Lonescoshowsemptinessofexistencebyrepresenting--------(Emptychairs)
Top 10 Linguists of All Time
(1) Noam Chomsky (1928-present) revolutionized the philosophy of language as well as the formal methods used to describe linguistic structures. Most schools of linguistic thought either directly incorporate his views on the generative nature of syntactic structure, or stand in reaction to it.
(2) Ferdinand de Saussure (1857-1913) was the first linguist to distinguish between synchronic and diachronic analyses of language: how languages function today versus how they evolved over time. He is also considered the father of semiotics.
(3) Pāṇini (ca. 4th century BC) was a profoundly influential Sanskrit grammarian who formulated rules of morphological analysis that were more advanced than any western linguist until the 20th century.
(4) Roman Jakobson (1896-1982) developed many of de Saussure's ideas about synchronic linguistics, including introducing the distinction between phonetic and phonological representations of languages, as well as the notion of linguistic markedness and feature theory.
(5) Wilhelm von Humboldt (1767-1835) was the first modern European linguist to identify language as a rule-governed system rather than a hodge-podge collection of words and phrases. Besides advancing our understanding of Indo-European languages, he was also one of the first to investigate the notion of subtrate phenomena by identifying place names in Spain and France where Basque used to be spoken.
(6) Edward Sapir (1884-1939) helped to establish that non-European languages have structures as complex as European ones, and sometimes more so. He helped to document dozens of native languages of the Americas (especially the Athabaskan family), established by and large which were related to which, and became famous for his investigations of the relationship between language and thought, known as the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis (or Linguistic relativity).
(7) Leonard Bloomfield (1887-1949) made major contributions to the study of Indo-European, Austronesian and especially Algonquian languages, but he is best known for his popularization of scientific approaches to language, particularly through Structural linguistics and later Behaviorism.
(8) Joseph Greenberg (1915-2001) became best known for his contributions to the study of language typology (how language varies across time and space), but became controversial later in life for the methods of mass-comparison that used in reconstructing the proto-families of Africa and the Americas.
(9) Karl Brugmann (1849-1919) helped to establish the systematicity of sound change as a feature of language evolution through time and began to make linguistics independent of classical philology.
(10) Sibawayh (760-796) wrote the first grammar of Arabic and was the first grammarian (outside India) to actually analyze the grammar rather than merely describe it. He backed up his claims with empirical data rather than a priori theorizing about what should be correct or incorrect, and set the standard for much grammatical reasoning for the next thousand years.
(1) Noam Chomsky (1928-present) revolutionized the philosophy of language as well as the formal methods used to describe linguistic structures. Most schools of linguistic thought either directly incorporate his views on the generative nature of syntactic structure, or stand in reaction to it.
(2) Ferdinand de Saussure (1857-1913) was the first linguist to distinguish between synchronic and diachronic analyses of language: how languages function today versus how they evolved over time. He is also considered the father of semiotics.
(3) Pāṇini (ca. 4th century BC) was a profoundly influential Sanskrit grammarian who formulated rules of morphological analysis that were more advanced than any western linguist until the 20th century.
(4) Roman Jakobson (1896-1982) developed many of de Saussure's ideas about synchronic linguistics, including introducing the distinction between phonetic and phonological representations of languages, as well as the notion of linguistic markedness and feature theory.
(5) Wilhelm von Humboldt (1767-1835) was the first modern European linguist to identify language as a rule-governed system rather than a hodge-podge collection of words and phrases. Besides advancing our understanding of Indo-European languages, he was also one of the first to investigate the notion of subtrate phenomena by identifying place names in Spain and France where Basque used to be spoken.
(6) Edward Sapir (1884-1939) helped to establish that non-European languages have structures as complex as European ones, and sometimes more so. He helped to document dozens of native languages of the Americas (especially the Athabaskan family), established by and large which were related to which, and became famous for his investigations of the relationship between language and thought, known as the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis (or Linguistic relativity).
(7) Leonard Bloomfield (1887-1949) made major contributions to the study of Indo-European, Austronesian and especially Algonquian languages, but he is best known for his popularization of scientific approaches to language, particularly through Structural linguistics and later Behaviorism.
(8) Joseph Greenberg (1915-2001) became best known for his contributions to the study of language typology (how language varies across time and space), but became controversial later in life for the methods of mass-comparison that used in reconstructing the proto-families of Africa and the Americas.
(9) Karl Brugmann (1849-1919) helped to establish the systematicity of sound change as a feature of language evolution through time and began to make linguistics independent of classical philology.
(10) Sibawayh (760-796) wrote the first grammar of Arabic and was the first grammarian (outside India) to actually analyze the grammar rather than merely describe it. He backed up his claims with empirical data rather than a priori theorizing about what should be correct or incorrect, and set the standard for much grammatical reasoning for the next thousand years.
Animal Farm is a novel about a group of animals who take control of the farm they live on.
The animals get fed up of their master, Farmer Jones, so they kick him out. Once they are free of the tyrant Jones, life on the farm is good for a while and there is hope for a happier future of less work, better education and more food. However, trouble brews as the pigs, Napoleon and Snowball, fight for the hearts and minds of the other animals on the farm. Napoleon seizes power by force and ends up exploiting the animals just as Farmer Jones had done. The novel ends with the pigs behaving and even dressing like the humans the animals tried to get rid of in the first place.
Equality and inequality:
In Animal Farm, Orwell uses the animals and their actions to make the reader think about equality and inequality. Before 1917, the majority of Russian people suffered from great inequality - they had far less money and food than the ruling classes.
Likewise, before the rebellion in Animal Farm Mr Jones takes everything that the animals have away from them. After the Rebellion the animals are free from the tyranny of Mr Jones and seek to establish equality amongst themselves.
One of the Commandments is 'All animals are equal'. However, this equality is short-lived and the pigs begin to bend the rules until inequality returns to the farm.
Power and control:
Power and control is one of the most important themes in Animal Farm. Orwell explores political power - Mr Jones owns the farm and the animals and uses his men and whips to keep them under control and maintain his power.
Orwell shows that the animals have the power to challenge Mr Jones' control and take over the farm - using power in a positive way. He then explores how the pigs use rhetoric and propaganda to establish themselves in power and take control of the farm. It is interesting that the working animals, especially Boxer the horse, have great physical power but they don’t use it to break free from the control of the pigs.
Old Major is partly based on Karl Marx and Vladimir Lenin. Karl Marx, was a German philosopher who lived during the 19th-century. His ideas formed the basis of communism - his ideas are collectively known as ‘Marxism’, like ‘Animalism’ in the novel. He developed theories on how power structures in society keep people under control. Vladimir Lenin was a Russian revolutionary who established a form of ‘Marxism’ in Russia in the early 20th-century.
Orwell explores the idea of power leading to corruption. Many of the characters in the novel are eventually corrupted by the power they have, particularly the pigs, as they manipulate their position of leadership to exploit other animals.
Animal Farm - Characters overview:
The characters in Animal Farm can be split into three groups - the humans, the pigs and the other animals. The humans are the villains, thoughtless and neglectful. The pigs are scheming, clever and forceful and replace the humans as villains. The other farmyard animals are trusting, passive and hardworking - they are the heroic victims of the novel. Each group represents a different element of the Russian Revolution in 1917.
Main characters:
Old Major
Napoleon
Snowball
Boxer
Secondary characters:
Mr Jones
Squealer
Benjamin
Minor characters:
Clover - the mother figure of the farm. A kind and caring horse that sees the faults in Napoleon’s rule but like Boxer, lacks the words to express herself.
The dogs - there are good dogs: Bluebell, Jessie and Pitcher, then there are Napoleon's dogs that he uses to police the farm. They represent the secret organisations of the police.
The hens - they bravely protest about their eggs being taken.
Mollie - a horse that is happy to be ruled by humans.
Moses - Jones' pet raven, also a preacher.
The young pigs - they speak out against Napoleon and are executed as a result.
The sheep - they interrupt debate on the farm with chants of "four legs good, two legs bad". They play a crucial role in Napoleon's rise to power.
Mr Pilkington - an 'easy going' gentleman farmer who spends most of his time hunting
The animals get fed up of their master, Farmer Jones, so they kick him out. Once they are free of the tyrant Jones, life on the farm is good for a while and there is hope for a happier future of less work, better education and more food. However, trouble brews as the pigs, Napoleon and Snowball, fight for the hearts and minds of the other animals on the farm. Napoleon seizes power by force and ends up exploiting the animals just as Farmer Jones had done. The novel ends with the pigs behaving and even dressing like the humans the animals tried to get rid of in the first place.
Equality and inequality:
In Animal Farm, Orwell uses the animals and their actions to make the reader think about equality and inequality. Before 1917, the majority of Russian people suffered from great inequality - they had far less money and food than the ruling classes.
Likewise, before the rebellion in Animal Farm Mr Jones takes everything that the animals have away from them. After the Rebellion the animals are free from the tyranny of Mr Jones and seek to establish equality amongst themselves.
One of the Commandments is 'All animals are equal'. However, this equality is short-lived and the pigs begin to bend the rules until inequality returns to the farm.
Power and control:
Power and control is one of the most important themes in Animal Farm. Orwell explores political power - Mr Jones owns the farm and the animals and uses his men and whips to keep them under control and maintain his power.
Orwell shows that the animals have the power to challenge Mr Jones' control and take over the farm - using power in a positive way. He then explores how the pigs use rhetoric and propaganda to establish themselves in power and take control of the farm. It is interesting that the working animals, especially Boxer the horse, have great physical power but they don’t use it to break free from the control of the pigs.
Old Major is partly based on Karl Marx and Vladimir Lenin. Karl Marx, was a German philosopher who lived during the 19th-century. His ideas formed the basis of communism - his ideas are collectively known as ‘Marxism’, like ‘Animalism’ in the novel. He developed theories on how power structures in society keep people under control. Vladimir Lenin was a Russian revolutionary who established a form of ‘Marxism’ in Russia in the early 20th-century.
Orwell explores the idea of power leading to corruption. Many of the characters in the novel are eventually corrupted by the power they have, particularly the pigs, as they manipulate their position of leadership to exploit other animals.
Animal Farm - Characters overview:
The characters in Animal Farm can be split into three groups - the humans, the pigs and the other animals. The humans are the villains, thoughtless and neglectful. The pigs are scheming, clever and forceful and replace the humans as villains. The other farmyard animals are trusting, passive and hardworking - they are the heroic victims of the novel. Each group represents a different element of the Russian Revolution in 1917.
Main characters:
Old Major
Napoleon
Snowball
Boxer
Secondary characters:
Mr Jones
Squealer
Benjamin
Minor characters:
Clover - the mother figure of the farm. A kind and caring horse that sees the faults in Napoleon’s rule but like Boxer, lacks the words to express herself.
The dogs - there are good dogs: Bluebell, Jessie and Pitcher, then there are Napoleon's dogs that he uses to police the farm. They represent the secret organisations of the police.
The hens - they bravely protest about their eggs being taken.
Mollie - a horse that is happy to be ruled by humans.
Moses - Jones' pet raven, also a preacher.
The young pigs - they speak out against Napoleon and are executed as a result.
The sheep - they interrupt debate on the farm with chants of "four legs good, two legs bad". They play a crucial role in Napoleon's rise to power.
Mr Pilkington - an 'easy going' gentleman farmer who spends most of his time hunting
.
Mr Frederick - a tough farmer who fights to get what he wants.
Mr Whymper - a lawyer that the pigs hire.
Mr Frederick - a tough farmer who fights to get what he wants.
Mr Whymper - a lawyer that the pigs hire.
________________
1. Which narrative poem by Lord Tennyson presents the story of a fisherman turned merchant-sailor who, after a shipwreck, is marooned on a desert island ?
(1) "Crossing the Bar"
(2) "Tithonus"
3) "Enoch Arden" ☑️
(4) "Maud"
Additional Info:
Enoch Arden is a narrative poem published in 1864 by Alfred, Lord Tennyson. The hero of the poem, fisherman turned merchant sailor Enoch Arden, leaves his wife Annie and three children to go to sea with his old captain, who offers him work after he had lost his job due to an accident; in a manner that reflects the hero's masculine view of personal toil and hardship to support his family, Enoch Arden left his family to better serve them as a husband and father. However during his voyage, Enoch Arden is shipwrecked on a desert island with two companions; both eventually die, leaving Arden alone there. Enoch Arden remains lost and missing for more than ten years.
He finds upon his return from the sea that, after his long absence, his wife, who believed him dead, is married happily to another man, his childhood friend Philip (Annie has known both men since her childhood, thus the rivalry), and has a child by him. Enoch's life remains unfulfilled, with one of his children now dead, and his wife and remaining children now being cared for by his onetime rival.
Enoch never reveals to his wife and children that he is really alive, as he loves her too much to spoil her new happiness. Enoch dies of a broken heart.
________________
2. In "Memorial Verses" Matthew Arnold pays tribute to three great poets. Who are they ?
(1) Goethe, Shakespeare, Wordsworth
(2) Goethe, Shakespeare, Milton -
(3) Shakespeare, Milton, Wordsworth
(4) Goethe, Wordsworth, Byron ☑️
Additional Info:
Memorial Verses April 1850
Goethe in Weimar sleeps, and Greece,
Long since, saw Byron's struggle cease.
But one such death remain'd to come;
The last poetic voice is dumb—
We stand to-day by Wordsworth's tomb
________________
3. Who among the following English playwrights wrote screenplays on novels such as Marcel Proust's In Search of Lost Time, John Fowles's French Lieutenant's Woman, and Margaret Atwood's Handmaid's Tale ?
(1) John Arden
(2) Edward Bond
(3) Harold Pinter ☑️
(4) David Hare
Additional Info:
Harold Pinter was a Nobel Prize-winning British playwright, screenwriter, director and actor. One of the most influential modern British dramatists, his writing career spanned more than 50 years. His best-known plays include The Birthday Party (1957), The Homecoming (1964), and Betrayal (1978), each of which he adapted for the screen. His screenplay adaptations of others' works include The Servant (1963), The Go-Between (1971), The French Lieutenant's Woman (1981), The Trial (1993), and Sleuth (2007). He also directed or acted in radio, stage, television, and film productions of his own and others' works.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_works_by_Harold_Pinter
________________
4. The years in English literary history between 1649 and 1660 are known as
(1) the Neo-classical period
(2) the Commonwealth period ☑️
(3) the Stuart period
(4) the Jacobean period
Additional Info:
This era in English history can be divided into four periods:
The first period of the Commonwealth of England from 1649 until 1653
The Protectorate under Oliver Cromwell from 1653 to 1658
The Protectorate under Richard Cromwell from 1658 to 1659
The second period of the Commonwealth of England from 1659 until 1660
________________
5. In R.K. Narayan's Swami and Friends, which game offers Swami the best kind of emotional release from the strains and pressures of disagreeable circumstances ?
(1) cricket ☑️
(2) football
(3) tennis
(4) hockey
Additional Info:
Cricket is a game mentioned throughtout the novel. Swami's friend Rajam is the Captain of Malgudi Cricket Club (Victory Union Eleven). The other cricketers mentioned in the book are Jack Hobbs, Donald Bradman, Duleep, Maurice Tate
1. Which narrative poem by Lord Tennyson presents the story of a fisherman turned merchant-sailor who, after a shipwreck, is marooned on a desert island ?
(1) "Crossing the Bar"
(2) "Tithonus"
3) "Enoch Arden" ☑️
(4) "Maud"
Additional Info:
Enoch Arden is a narrative poem published in 1864 by Alfred, Lord Tennyson. The hero of the poem, fisherman turned merchant sailor Enoch Arden, leaves his wife Annie and three children to go to sea with his old captain, who offers him work after he had lost his job due to an accident; in a manner that reflects the hero's masculine view of personal toil and hardship to support his family, Enoch Arden left his family to better serve them as a husband and father. However during his voyage, Enoch Arden is shipwrecked on a desert island with two companions; both eventually die, leaving Arden alone there. Enoch Arden remains lost and missing for more than ten years.
He finds upon his return from the sea that, after his long absence, his wife, who believed him dead, is married happily to another man, his childhood friend Philip (Annie has known both men since her childhood, thus the rivalry), and has a child by him. Enoch's life remains unfulfilled, with one of his children now dead, and his wife and remaining children now being cared for by his onetime rival.
Enoch never reveals to his wife and children that he is really alive, as he loves her too much to spoil her new happiness. Enoch dies of a broken heart.
________________
2. In "Memorial Verses" Matthew Arnold pays tribute to three great poets. Who are they ?
(1) Goethe, Shakespeare, Wordsworth
(2) Goethe, Shakespeare, Milton -
(3) Shakespeare, Milton, Wordsworth
(4) Goethe, Wordsworth, Byron ☑️
Additional Info:
Memorial Verses April 1850
Goethe in Weimar sleeps, and Greece,
Long since, saw Byron's struggle cease.
But one such death remain'd to come;
The last poetic voice is dumb—
We stand to-day by Wordsworth's tomb
________________
3. Who among the following English playwrights wrote screenplays on novels such as Marcel Proust's In Search of Lost Time, John Fowles's French Lieutenant's Woman, and Margaret Atwood's Handmaid's Tale ?
(1) John Arden
(2) Edward Bond
(3) Harold Pinter ☑️
(4) David Hare
Additional Info:
Harold Pinter was a Nobel Prize-winning British playwright, screenwriter, director and actor. One of the most influential modern British dramatists, his writing career spanned more than 50 years. His best-known plays include The Birthday Party (1957), The Homecoming (1964), and Betrayal (1978), each of which he adapted for the screen. His screenplay adaptations of others' works include The Servant (1963), The Go-Between (1971), The French Lieutenant's Woman (1981), The Trial (1993), and Sleuth (2007). He also directed or acted in radio, stage, television, and film productions of his own and others' works.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_works_by_Harold_Pinter
________________
4. The years in English literary history between 1649 and 1660 are known as
(1) the Neo-classical period
(2) the Commonwealth period ☑️
(3) the Stuart period
(4) the Jacobean period
Additional Info:
This era in English history can be divided into four periods:
The first period of the Commonwealth of England from 1649 until 1653
The Protectorate under Oliver Cromwell from 1653 to 1658
The Protectorate under Richard Cromwell from 1658 to 1659
The second period of the Commonwealth of England from 1659 until 1660
________________
5. In R.K. Narayan's Swami and Friends, which game offers Swami the best kind of emotional release from the strains and pressures of disagreeable circumstances ?
(1) cricket ☑️
(2) football
(3) tennis
(4) hockey
Additional Info:
Cricket is a game mentioned throughtout the novel. Swami's friend Rajam is the Captain of Malgudi Cricket Club (Victory Union Eleven). The other cricketers mentioned in the book are Jack Hobbs, Donald Bradman, Duleep, Maurice Tate
Wikipedia
List of works by Harold Pinter
Wikimedia list article
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NTA-NET SET English:
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Famous authours and their pseudonyms-
_____________________
1. Emily Brontë - Ellis Bell
2.Charlotte Brontë - Currer Bell
3.Anne Brontë - Acton Bell
4.Daniel Foe -Daniel Defoe
5.Charles Lamb -Elia
6. Mary Ann Evans -George Eliot
7. Eric Arthur Blair - George Orwell
8. Charles Dickens - Boz
9Agatha Christie -Mary Westmacott
10.William Sydney Porter - O. Henry
11.Hector Hugh Munro - Saki
12. François-Marie Arouet - Voltaire
13.Ray Bradbury - Douglas Spaulding
14.Doris Lessing - Jane Somers
15. Charles Lutwidge Dodgson - Lewis Caroll
16. Samuel Langhorne Clemens - Mark Twain
17. Alisa Zinov'yevna Rosenbaum - Ayn Rand
18.John Anthony Burgess Wilson - Anthony Burgess
19.Ford Hermann Hueffer - Ford Madox Ford
20.Erika Leonard(born Erika Mitchell) - E. L. James
21.Theodor Seuss Geisel - Dr. Seuss
22.Józef Teodor Konrad Korzeniowski - Joseph Conrad
23. Robert Lynd - Y.Y
🌿🌿🌿🌿🌿🌿🌿🌿🌿
🌿🌿🌿🌿🌿🌿🌿🌿🌿
Famous authours and their pseudonyms-
_____________________
1. Emily Brontë - Ellis Bell
2.Charlotte Brontë - Currer Bell
3.Anne Brontë - Acton Bell
4.Daniel Foe -Daniel Defoe
5.Charles Lamb -Elia
6. Mary Ann Evans -George Eliot
7. Eric Arthur Blair - George Orwell
8. Charles Dickens - Boz
9Agatha Christie -Mary Westmacott
10.William Sydney Porter - O. Henry
11.Hector Hugh Munro - Saki
12. François-Marie Arouet - Voltaire
13.Ray Bradbury - Douglas Spaulding
14.Doris Lessing - Jane Somers
15. Charles Lutwidge Dodgson - Lewis Caroll
16. Samuel Langhorne Clemens - Mark Twain
17. Alisa Zinov'yevna Rosenbaum - Ayn Rand
18.John Anthony Burgess Wilson - Anthony Burgess
19.Ford Hermann Hueffer - Ford Madox Ford
20.Erika Leonard(born Erika Mitchell) - E. L. James
21.Theodor Seuss Geisel - Dr. Seuss
22.Józef Teodor Konrad Korzeniowski - Joseph Conrad
23. Robert Lynd - Y.Y
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Forwarded from Lit DESIRE English
9214823924443. The Augustan Age.pdf
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