1. Where was Aristotle born?
ANS: Stagira
2. Which pupil of Aristotle became a conqueror?
ANS: Alexander
3. When did Aristotle live?
ANS: 384-322 BC
4. To where did Aristotle withdraw after Alexander's death?
ANS: Chalcis
5. Which philosopher was Aristotle’s master?
ANS: Plato
6. Who was the first literary critic who said that “Art is twice removed from reality”?
ANS: Plato
7. Aristotle discusses the theory of Tragedy in -----
ANS: Poetics
8. Aristotle’s critical work is entitled----
ANS: Poetics
9. Which Academy colleague left with Aristotle after Plato's death and accompanied him in some of his travels?
ANS: Xenocrates
10. Whose niece did Aristotle marry?
ANS: Hermias’s
11. For which subject is Aristotle least known?
ANS: Mathematics
12. What did Aristotle refer to metaphysics as?
ANS: First Philosophy
13. What was the profession of Aristotle's father?
ANS: Physician
14. What was the name of Aristotle's guardian after his parents' death?
ANS: Proxenus
15. What did Aristotle found in 335 BC?
ANS: A school (The Lyceum, in Athens)

Aphorism:
• ‘Aphorism’ is a term transferred from the “Aphorisms of Hippocrates”.
• Hippocrates, the ancient Greek physician, coined the term aphorism. He wrote a book called Aphorisms, which was full of short statements expressing medical truths.
• Aphorism is a statement of truth or opinion expressed in a concise and witty manner.
• In ancient times many of these aphorisms were in religious literature.
• Aphoristic collections, sometimes known as wisdom literature.
• Making use of aphorisms allows a writer to teach a philosophical or moral truth.
• The first noted published collection of aphorisms is Adagia by Erasmus.
• Many popular quotes that get passed around are examples of aphorisms.
• Aphorisms are closely related to proverbs and adages.
• Two influential collections of aphorisms published in the twentieth century were The Uncombed Thoughts by Stanisław Jerzy Lec and Itch of Wisdom by Mikhail Turovsky.
• Sir Francis Bacon excels in the aphoristic style of writing. Possibly, his sayings are the most quoted of all. Consider the following examples: “Studies serve for delight, for ornament and for ability.” (Of Studies)
• Alexander Pope was a great aphoristic writer of the 18th century.
Example: “To err is human, to forgive divine.” (An Essay on Criticism)
• Literary writers such as Franz Kafka and Oscar Wilde are also noted for their frequent usage of aphorisms.
• Writers of literature often invent memorable aphorisms because they need to communicate a big idea in a striking manner.
• Some aphorisms that originated in literature and their origin is practically unknown, while other aphorisms

www.englishlecturenotes.com
Shakespeare’s dramatic work is generally divided in four periods:

1. The First Period(1588-1593):

a) Henry VI
b) Titus Andronicus
Comedies…
c) Love’s Labour’s Lost
d) Two Gentlemen of Verona
e) The Comedy of Errors
f) A Midsummer Night's Dream
Tragedy
g) Romeo and Juliet

2. The Second Period(1594- 1600):

a) Richard II
b) King John
c) The Merchant of Venice
d) Henry IV, part I
e) Henry IV, part II
f) Henry V
g) The Taming of the Shrew
h) The Merry Wives of Windsor
i) Much Ado About Nothing
j) As You Like It
k) Twelfth Night

3. The Third Period(1601- 1608):

a) Julius Caesar
b) Hamlet
c) All’s Well That Ends Well
d) Measure for Measure
e) Troilus and Cressida
f) Othello
g) King Lear
h) Macbeth
i) Antony and Cleopatra
j) Coriolanus
k) Timon of Athens

4. The Fourth Period(1608- 1612):

a) Cymbeline
b) The Tempest
c) Winter,s Tale
d) Pericles
e) Henry VIII

✍ _*येत्या 30 जून रोजी राज्यस्तरीय पात्रता परीक्षा (सेट) परीक्षा*_

_*LetsUp | Update*_

📅 सावित्रीबाई फुले पुणे विद्यापीठामार्फत महाराष्ट्र आणि गोवा राज्यात घेण्यात येणारी राज्यस्तरीय पात्रता परीक्षा (सेट) परीक्षा येत्या 30 जून रोजी घेण्यात येणार, याचे वेळापत्रक फेब्रुवारी महिन्यात जाहीर करण्यात येणार

👉 यंदाच्या सेट परीक्षेच्या स्वरूपात बदल - परीक्षेत दोनच पेपर घेण्यात येणार, ही परीक्षा ऑफलाइन होणार असल्याची विद्यापीठाची माहिती

📝 सेट परीक्षेत आता 350 गुणांसाठी घेण्यात येणारे तीन पेपरचे रूपांतर दोनच पेपरमध्ये करण्यात येणार, त्यानुसार पहिला पेपर 100 गुण, तर दुसरा पेपर 200 गुण अशा एकूण 300 गुणांसाठी एकाच दिवशी तीन तास ही परीक्षा घेण्यात येणार

💫 परीक्षेचा अर्ज ऑनलाइनच भरावा लागणार, हे ऑनलाइन अर्ज आधारकार्डला लिंक करण्यात आले आहे, त्यामुळे विद्यार्थ्यांकडे आधारकार्ड असणे अनिवार्य

Which school of criticism has been called 'Neo-Aristotleans'?

(A)The Myth Criticism
(B)Historicism
(C)The New Criticism
(D)The Chicago Critics

'Positivism' was enunciated by:

(A)August Strindberg
(B) Isaac Newton
(C)August Comte
(D) John Locke

Which one of the following is associated with the Royal Court Theatre, London?

(A)Arnold Wesker
(B) Alan Plater
(C) Edward Bond
(D)Tom Stoppard

The Cenciwas written by:

(A)Boccaccio
(B) Shelley
(C) Carducci
(D) Keats

Strophe, antistrophe and epode are the components of:

(A)Pindaric Ode
(B)Horatian Ode
(C)Sophoclean Chorus
(D)Aeschylian Chorus

Who coined the term Stream of Consciousness?

(A)William James
(B) Henry James
(C) James Joyce
(D) J. S. Mill

Who among the following is also known as a lexicographer?

(A)Webster
(B) Golding
(C) Johnson
(D) Sterne

Photo from xxxx

*'जॉन मिल्टन' की कविता 'ऑन हिज ब्लाइंडनेस' (ON HIS BLINDNESS) का हिंदी अनुवाद*
👇🏻👇🏻👇🏻👇🏻👇🏻👇🏻👇🏻👇🏻

जब मैं समझा ये दुनिया रोशनी खो चुकी है और मेरी आंखें अंधी हो चुकी हैं
फिर भी आधी जिंदगी और काटनी है; इस अंधेरे, बड़े संसार को बांटनी है
आज जब कर्म ही पूजा है मैं जानता हूं, आत्मा को मालिक की सेवा के और काबिल मानता हूं
पर वो कैसे कह सकता है सुंदर अक्षरों के लिए, जब खुद ही बुझाए हैं मेरी आंखों के दिए
मैं आसमान पर चिल्लाकर पूछना चाहता हूं,
पर धैर्य मेरी भुनभुनाहट का गला रेत देता है
हड़बड़ाया सा जवाब देता है, वो है ईश्वर!
इंसान क्या ही उसकी इच्छा पुराएगा? उसका मन उपहारों से लुभाएगा?
जो भी बैलों सी लगाम मुंह में डाले नधता जाता है
वही उस स्वर्गिक सत्ता वाले की सेवा कर पाता है
कहते हैं, उसका एक आदेश पाते ही हजारों दौड़ जाते हैं, जमीन और सागरों के पार
यों ही वे उसकी सेवा करते हैं, जो लंगड़े होकर भी खड़े रहते हैं और करते हैं इंतजार
और जिसे मौत ही छीन सकती है मेरा वो फन, अब यूं फालतू है जैसे गरीब का यौवन
फिर सोचता हूं आज वो मुझे नकार देगा, सेवा न कर पाने पर फटकार देगा
______________________________________________________


*Original Poem*
👇🏻👇🏻👇🏻👇🏻👇🏻👇🏻👇🏻👇🏻👇🏻

When I consider how my light is spent

Ere half my days in this dark world and wide,

And that one talent which is death to hide

Lodg’d with me useless, though my soul more bent
To serve therewith my Maker, and present
My true account, lest he returning chide,
“Doth God exact day-labour, light denied?”
I fondly ask. But Patience, to prevent
That murmur, soon replies: “God doth not need
Either man’s work or his own gifts: who best
Bear his mild yoke, they serve him best. His state
Is kingly; thousands at his bidding speed
And post o’er land and ocean without rest:
They also serve who only stand and wait.”
🙏🏻🙏🏻🙏🏻🙏🏻🙏🏻🙏🏻🙏🏻🙏🏻

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