A Cypherpunk's Manifesto
by Eric Hughes
Privacy is necessary for an open society in the electronic age. Privacy is not secrecy. A private matter is something one doesn't want the whole world to know, but a secret matter is something one doesn't want anybody to know. Privacy is the power to selectively reveal oneself to the world.
If two parties have some sort of dealings, then each has a memory of their interaction. Each party can speak about their own memory of this; how could anyone prevent it? One could pass laws against it, but the freedom of speech, even more than privacy, is fundamental to an open society; we seek not to restrict any speech at all. If many parties speak together in the same forum, each can speak to all the others and aggregate together knowledge about individuals and other parties. The power of electronic communications has enabled such group speech, and it will not go away merely because we might want it to.
Since we desire privacy, we must ensure that each party to a transaction have knowledge only of that which is directly necessary for that transaction. Since any information can be spoken of, we must ensure that we reveal as little as possible. In most cases personal identity is not salient. When I purchase a magazine at a store and hand cash to the clerk, there is no need to know who I am. When I ask my electronic mail provider to send and receive messages, my provider need not know to whom I am speaking or what I am saying or what others are saying to me; my provider only need know how to get the message there and how much I owe them in fees. When my identity is revealed by the underlying mechanism of the transaction, I have no privacy. I cannot here selectively reveal myself; I must always reveal myself.
Therefore, privacy in an open society requires anonymous transaction systems. Until now, cash has been the primary such system. An anonymous transaction system is not a secret transaction system. An anonymous system empowers individuals to reveal their identity when desired and only when desired; this is the essence of privacy.
Privacy in an open society also requires cryptography. If I say something, I want it heard only by those for whom I intend it. If the content of my speech is available to the world, I have no privacy. To encrypt is to indicate the desire for privacy, and to encrypt with weak cryptography is to indicate not too much desire for privacy. Furthermore, to reveal one's identity with assurance when the default is anonymity requires the cryptographic signature.
We cannot expect governments, corporations, or other large, faceless organizations to grant us privacy out of their beneficence. It is to their advantage to speak of us, and we should expect that they will speak. To try to prevent their speech is to fight against the realities of information. Information does not just want to be free, it longs to be free. Information expands to fill the available storage space. Information is Rumor's younger, stronger cousin; Information is fleeter of foot, has more eyes, knows more, and understands less than Rumor.
We must defend our own privacy if we expect to have any. We must come together and create systems which allow anonymous transactions to take place. People have been defending their own privacy for centuries with whispers, darkness, envelopes, closed doors, secret handshakes, and couriers. The technologies of the past did not allow for strong privacy, but electronic technologies do.
We the Cypherpunks are dedicated to building anonymous systems. We are defending our privacy with cryptography, with anonymous mail forwarding systems, with digital signatures, and with electronic money.
by Eric Hughes
Privacy is necessary for an open society in the electronic age. Privacy is not secrecy. A private matter is something one doesn't want the whole world to know, but a secret matter is something one doesn't want anybody to know. Privacy is the power to selectively reveal oneself to the world.
If two parties have some sort of dealings, then each has a memory of their interaction. Each party can speak about their own memory of this; how could anyone prevent it? One could pass laws against it, but the freedom of speech, even more than privacy, is fundamental to an open society; we seek not to restrict any speech at all. If many parties speak together in the same forum, each can speak to all the others and aggregate together knowledge about individuals and other parties. The power of electronic communications has enabled such group speech, and it will not go away merely because we might want it to.
Since we desire privacy, we must ensure that each party to a transaction have knowledge only of that which is directly necessary for that transaction. Since any information can be spoken of, we must ensure that we reveal as little as possible. In most cases personal identity is not salient. When I purchase a magazine at a store and hand cash to the clerk, there is no need to know who I am. When I ask my electronic mail provider to send and receive messages, my provider need not know to whom I am speaking or what I am saying or what others are saying to me; my provider only need know how to get the message there and how much I owe them in fees. When my identity is revealed by the underlying mechanism of the transaction, I have no privacy. I cannot here selectively reveal myself; I must always reveal myself.
Therefore, privacy in an open society requires anonymous transaction systems. Until now, cash has been the primary such system. An anonymous transaction system is not a secret transaction system. An anonymous system empowers individuals to reveal their identity when desired and only when desired; this is the essence of privacy.
Privacy in an open society also requires cryptography. If I say something, I want it heard only by those for whom I intend it. If the content of my speech is available to the world, I have no privacy. To encrypt is to indicate the desire for privacy, and to encrypt with weak cryptography is to indicate not too much desire for privacy. Furthermore, to reveal one's identity with assurance when the default is anonymity requires the cryptographic signature.
We cannot expect governments, corporations, or other large, faceless organizations to grant us privacy out of their beneficence. It is to their advantage to speak of us, and we should expect that they will speak. To try to prevent their speech is to fight against the realities of information. Information does not just want to be free, it longs to be free. Information expands to fill the available storage space. Information is Rumor's younger, stronger cousin; Information is fleeter of foot, has more eyes, knows more, and understands less than Rumor.
We must defend our own privacy if we expect to have any. We must come together and create systems which allow anonymous transactions to take place. People have been defending their own privacy for centuries with whispers, darkness, envelopes, closed doors, secret handshakes, and couriers. The technologies of the past did not allow for strong privacy, but electronic technologies do.
We the Cypherpunks are dedicated to building anonymous systems. We are defending our privacy with cryptography, with anonymous mail forwarding systems, with digital signatures, and with electronic money.
Cypherpunks write code. We know that someone has to write software to defend privacy, and since we can't get privacy unless we all do, we're going to write it. We publish our code so that our fellow Cypherpunks may practice and play with it. Our code is free for all to use, worldwide. We don't much care if you don't approve of the software we write. We know that software can't be destroyed and that a widely dispersed system can't be shut down.
Cypherpunks deplore regulations on cryptography, for encryption is fundamentally a private act. The act of encryption, in fact, removes information from the public realm. Even laws against cryptography reach only so far as a nation's border and the arm of its violence. Cryptography will ineluctably spread over the whole globe, and with it the anonymous transactions systems that it makes possible.
For privacy to be widespread it must be part of a social contract. People must come and together deploy these systems for the common good. Privacy only extends so far as the cooperation of one's fellows in society. We the Cypherpunks seek your questions and your concerns and hope we may engage you so that we do not deceive ourselves. We will not, however, be moved out of our course because some may disagree with our goals.
The Cypherpunks are actively engaged in making the networks safer for privacy. Let us proceed together apace.
Onward.
Eric Hughes <hughes@soda.berkeley.edu>
9 March 1993
https://www.activism.net/cypherpunk/manifesto.html
Cypherpunks deplore regulations on cryptography, for encryption is fundamentally a private act. The act of encryption, in fact, removes information from the public realm. Even laws against cryptography reach only so far as a nation's border and the arm of its violence. Cryptography will ineluctably spread over the whole globe, and with it the anonymous transactions systems that it makes possible.
For privacy to be widespread it must be part of a social contract. People must come and together deploy these systems for the common good. Privacy only extends so far as the cooperation of one's fellows in society. We the Cypherpunks seek your questions and your concerns and hope we may engage you so that we do not deceive ourselves. We will not, however, be moved out of our course because some may disagree with our goals.
The Cypherpunks are actively engaged in making the networks safer for privacy. Let us proceed together apace.
Onward.
Eric Hughes <hughes@soda.berkeley.edu>
9 March 1993
https://www.activism.net/cypherpunk/manifesto.html
Elon Musk
@elonmusk
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Did you know that USAID, using YOUR tax dollars, funded bioweapon research, including COVID-19, that killed millions of people?
https://www.zerohedge.com/political/legitimately-fake-news-white-house-debunks-dem-freakout-over-doge-access-secure-spaces
@elonmusk
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Did you know that USAID, using YOUR tax dollars, funded bioweapon research, including COVID-19, that killed millions of people?
https://www.zerohedge.com/political/legitimately-fake-news-white-house-debunks-dem-freakout-over-doge-access-secure-spaces
Via comment:
"John Bolton and John Brennan have been permanently banned from government buildings." LOLS
"1 day ago
All federal prosecutors handling January 6th cases fired, computers locked and marched out of their offices by security.
David Sundberg, the FBI Assistant Director at the helm of the January 6th investigations, has been fired.
20 leaders of FBI field offices have been escorted out of FBI buildings around the country
The 51 intelligence officers who spread misinformation about Hunter Biden's laptop and interfered in elections are now banned from entering federal properties.
Federal employees are now required to return to the office, with non-compliance leading to termination.
John Bolton and John Brennan have been permanently banned from government buildings.
Jarold Harold Rogers has been indicted for compromising U.S. trade secrets to China
Ban on all use of pronouns in government communications
All 2 million Feds sent a resignation offer
This purge marks the beginning of the end for the corrupt tyrants in Washington.
11 days in and the swamp has been drained significantly."
"John Bolton and John Brennan have been permanently banned from government buildings." LOLS
"1 day ago
All federal prosecutors handling January 6th cases fired, computers locked and marched out of their offices by security.
David Sundberg, the FBI Assistant Director at the helm of the January 6th investigations, has been fired.
20 leaders of FBI field offices have been escorted out of FBI buildings around the country
The 51 intelligence officers who spread misinformation about Hunter Biden's laptop and interfered in elections are now banned from entering federal properties.
Federal employees are now required to return to the office, with non-compliance leading to termination.
John Bolton and John Brennan have been permanently banned from government buildings.
Jarold Harold Rogers has been indicted for compromising U.S. trade secrets to China
Ban on all use of pronouns in government communications
All 2 million Feds sent a resignation offer
This purge marks the beginning of the end for the corrupt tyrants in Washington.
11 days in and the swamp has been drained significantly."
"1 day ago
BREAKING: The President of Panama just terminated Panama's agreement with China immediately after meeting with Secretary of State Marco Rubio.
https://x.com/BehizyTweets/status/1886188707377741904
MOAR Winning!!!"
BREAKING: The President of Panama just terminated Panama's agreement with China immediately after meeting with Secretary of State Marco Rubio.
https://x.com/BehizyTweets/status/1886188707377741904
MOAR Winning!!!"
1 day ago
Check out the stuff Mike Benz is posting on X. Elon Musk is reposting a lot of it, but he is the one exposing the most dirt on USAID.
Check out the stuff Mike Benz is posting on X. Elon Musk is reposting a lot of it, but he is the one exposing the most dirt on USAID.
Addendum from elsewhere here on ZH:
It was revealed this morning that USAID gave MILLIONS for “bat coronavirus research” in Wuhan in 2019, and then attempted to cover it up.
Yet MORE proof that our govt funded all this.
It was revealed this morning that USAID gave MILLIONS for “bat coronavirus research” in Wuhan in 2019, and then attempted to cover it up.
Yet MORE proof that our govt funded all this.
Met Police staff go on strike for first time ever as 300 walkout after 'being told to they would be docked pay for working from home'
https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-14358131/Met-Police-staff-strike-working-home.html
https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-14358131/Met-Police-staff-strike-working-home.html
Mail Online
Met Police staff go on strike for first time ever as 300 walkout
More than 300 members of the force will walkout for two weeks - starting on Tuesday - after bosses gave them an ultimatum to reduce remote working or face pay cuts.
Elon Musk unleashes nerd army of college-aged engineers to dismantle government waste with DOGE
https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-14357585/Elon-musk-doge-college-aged-employees.html
https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-14357585/Elon-musk-doge-college-aged-employees.html
Trump makes good on threat to try to dismantle 'woke' Education Department
https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-14356889/trump-plans-dismantle-department-education-executive-order-URL.html
https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-14356889/trump-plans-dismantle-department-education-executive-order-URL.html
Mail Online
Trump makes good on threat to try to dismantle Education Department
The Trump administration is preparing a new executive order that would begin to dismantle the Education Department, while suggesting legislation would be needed to end it.
Elon Musk has gained a powerful new ally in Ed Martin, the US Attorney for the District of Columbia, amid claims that members of his Department of Government Efficiency are being threatened.
https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-14357357/Elon-Musk-Ed-Martin-legal-action-threats-DOGE.html
https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-14357357/Elon-Musk-Ed-Martin-legal-action-threats-DOGE.html
Mail Online
Elon Musk gets new ally who vows to destroy anyone who sabotages DOGE
Elon Musk has gained a powerful new ally in Ed Martin, the US Attorney for the District of Columbia, amid claims that members of his Department of Government Efficiency are being threatened.