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Forwarded from Mahdi Karimian

https://www.eejournal.com/article/an-fpga-flies-on-mars/
یک مقاله جالب در مورد یک مدل استفاده از FPGA در سیستم های redundant و fail safe در هلکوپتر ناسا در مریخ
یک مورد جالب که با رویکرد جدید دنیا سازگار هست استفاده از پردازنده های معمول بازار برای عملیات هست که fpga بین آنها سوییچ می کند
The FFB is at the heart of the Ingenuity helicopter’s avionics package. Two TI TMS570 Hercules microcontroller SoCs, originally aimed at automotive applications, operate as Ingenuity’s low-level flight controller (FC). Each TI microcontroller incorporates a dual-core, ARM Cortex-R5F processor operating in lockstep. The FFB also incorporates ECC-protected Flash memory and RAM. The dual-redundant lockstep processors and ECC memory provide some protection against radiation-induced soft errors such as SEUs (single event upsets).

نکته جالب دیگر تصمیم fpga برای خارج کردن پردازنده اصلی و راه اندازی پردازنده دیگر هست و تلاش برای ریست کردن پردازنده اصلی انتقال state و حالت کنونی و برگرداندن سیستم اصلی
If one dual-core, lockstep microcontroller processor detects a fault, it signals the error to the FPGA, which then switches control to the other microcontroller while cycling power to the faulty one to recover from the error.
If it decides to switch, the FPGA turns flight control over to the processor operating as the hot spare and then cuts power to the microcontroller formerly designated as the primary processor. The FPGA then reapplies power to the processor, powers it back up, restores critical status data to the processor, and designates it as the new hot spare. The FPGA stores the critical data used by any of the processors in case the need to swap microcontrollers arises.

بحث بعدی نوع fpga مورد استفاده هست، وقتی fpga قسمت مهم ماجرا میشود کد نویسی حتما redundant میشود و خود fpga مهم میشود که اینجا اشاره کرده ProASIC3
Because there’s only one FPGA on the FFB, it must operate continuously. It must also tolerate the ambient radiation on Mars for the mission’s duration. Designers chose a Microchip (formerly Microsemi) ProASIC3 with a military temperature grade (-55 C to 125 C) and -1 speed grade to mitigate propagation delay degradation caused by the expected amount of total dose radiation that the helicopter receives from the Martian ambient.

نکته مهم بعدی استفاده از پردازنده معمولی هست، برای تصویر برداری و ارسال داده، از یک پردازنده معمولی استفاده شده،
The NSB carries a Qualcomm quad-core Snapdragon 801 CPU on a now-discontinued Qualcomm Snapdragon Flight System on Module (SOM). The Snapdragon 801 CPU was originally designed as a smartphone processor, and Qualcomm’s engineers developed the Snapdragon Flight SOM and its autonomous flight software specifically for airborne vehicle control. It’s not likely that the engineers originally envisioned Mars
نکته بعدی اینکه تکنولوژی ساخت آی سی اینقدر پیشرفت کرده که ای سی های معمولی هم الان می توانند شرایط خیلی سخت رو تحمل کنند و آخر اشاره می کند که
These parts have now been proven to work beyond expectations in the harsh Martian environment, including radiation effects. As long as Ingenuity continues to fly, the expected operating envelopes for these devices used in space missions will only expand.

EEJournal

An FPGA Flies on Mars

Mars ain't the kind of place to raise your kids. In fact it's cold as hell – Elton John, Rocketman Mars is hard. Only 26 of 56 missions sent to Mars have been successful. Landing on Mars is especially hard. Even though Mars’s gravity is only a third of Earth’s…

1.7K viewsS Alghasi, 17:35