PASSAGE THREE (Questions 5—6)

The financial firm Dow Jones and Company computes business statistics every hour on the hour of each of the business days of the year, and these statistics are known as the Dow Jones averages. They are based on a select group of stocks and bonds that are traded on the New York Stock Exchange. The Dow Jones averages are composed of four different types of averages: the average price of the common stock of thirty industrial firms, the average price of the common stock prices of twenty transportation companies, the average price of the common stock prices of fifteen utility companies, and an overall average of all the sixty-five stocks used to compute the first three averages. Probably the average that is the most commonly used is the industrial average; it is often used by an investor interested in checking the state of the stock market before making an investment in an industrial stock.

Review skill 5 to get instructions on how to answer "pronoun referents" questions.

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[INDIRECTLY ANSWERED QUESTIONS]

✴️ANSWER IMPLIED DETAIL QUESTIONS CORRECTLY
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Some questions in the Reading Comprehension section of the TOEFL test will require answers that are not directly stated in the passage. To answer these questions correctly, you will have to draw conclusions from information that is given in the passage.

You will sometimes be asked to answer a question by drawing a conclusion from a specific detail or details in the passage. Questions of this type contain the words "implied", "inferred", "likely", or "probably" to let you know that the answer to the question is not directly stated. In this type of question it is important to understand that you do not have to “pull the answer out of thin air.” Instead, some information will be given in the passage, and you will draw a conclusion from that information.

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💢Example

The passage:

The Hawaiian language is a melodious language in which all words are derived from an alphabet of only twelve letters, the five vowels "a, e, i, o, u" and the seven consonants "h, k, I, m, n, p, w". Each syllable in the language ends in a vowel, and two consonants never appear together, so vowels have a much higher frequency in the Hawaiian language than they do in English.

This musical-sounding language can be heard regularly by visitors to the islands. Most Hawaiians speak English, but it is quite common to hear English that is liberally spiced with words and expressions from the traditional language of the culture. A visitor may be greeted with the expression "aloha" and may be referred to as a "malihini" because he is a newcomer to the island. This visitor may attend an outside "luau" where everyone eats too much and may be invited afterwards to dance the "hula".
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❓The questions❓:

1⃣Which of the following is probably NOT a Hawaiian word?

(A) mahalo
(B) mahimahi
(C) meklea
(D) moana


2⃣It is implied that a luau is

(A) a dance
(B) a feast
(C) a concert
(D) a language

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💠The answers:

To answer the first question, you should refer to the part of the passage where it states that "in the Hawaiian language two consonants never appear together". From this you can draw the conclusion that answer (C), "meklea", is probably not a Hawaiian word because the consonants "k" and "l"appear together in this word, so answer (C) is the best answer to this question.

To answer the second question, you should refer to the part of the passage where it states that "at a luau, everyone eats loo much". From this you can draw the conclusion that "a luau is a feast", which is "a very large meal". The best answer is therefore answer (B).

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🌐The key information that you should remember about "implied detail questions" :


✴️HOW TO IDENTIFY THE QUESTION

🌀 "implied detail questions" are usually found in one of the following forms:

1. It is implied in the passage that...
2. It can be inferred from the passage that...
3. It is most likely that...
4. What probably happened...?


✴️WHERE TO FIND THE ANSWER

🌀 The answers to these questions are found in order in the passage.


✴️HOW TO ANSWER THE QUESTION

1. Choose a key word in the question.
2. Scan the passage for the key word (or a related idea).
3. Carefully read the sentence that contains the key word.
4. Look for an answer that could be true, according to that sentence.

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[Implied detail questions]
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✴️ Study each of the following 3 passages and choose the best answers to the questions that follow.

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PASSAGE ONE (Qitestions 1-2)

Eskimos need efficient and adequate means to travel across water in that the areas where they live are surrounded by oceans, bays, and inlets and dotted with lakes and seas. Two different types of boats have been developed by the Eskimos, each constructed to meet specific needs.

The kayak is something like a canoe that has been covered by a deck. A kayak is generally constructed with one opening in the deck for one rider; however, some kayaks are made for two. Because the deck of a kayak is covered over except for the hole (or holes) for its rider (or riders), a kayak can tip over in the water and roll back up without filling with water and sinking. One of the primary uses of the kayak is for hunting.

The umiak is not closed over, as is the kayak. Instead, it is an open boat that is built to hold ten to twelve passengers. Eskimos have numerous uses for the umiak which reflect the size of the boat; e.g., the umiak is used to haul belongings from campsite to campsite, and it is used for hunting larger animals that are too big to be hunted in a kayak.

PASSAGE TWO (Questions 3—5)

Two types of trees from the same family of trees share honors in certain respects as the most impressive of trees. Both evergreen conifers, the California redwood (Sequoia sempervirens) and the giant sequoia (Sequoiandendron giganteum) are found growing natively only in the state of California. The California redwood is found along the northern coast of the state, while the giant sequoia is found inland and at higher elevations, along the western slopes of the Sierra Nevadas.

The California redwood is the tallest living tree and is in fact the tallest living thing on the face of the Earth; the height of the tallest redwood on record is 385 feet (120 meters). Though not quite as tall as the California redwood, with a height of 320 feet (100 meters), the giant sequoia is nonetheless the largest and most massive of living things; giant sequoias have been measured at more than 100 feet (30 meters) around the base, with weights of more than 6,000 tons.

PASSAGE THREE (Questions 6-8)

Probably the most recognized boardgame around the world is the game of Monopoly. In this game, players vie for wealth by buying, selling, and renting properties; the key to success in the game, in addition to a bit of luck, is for a player to acquire monopolies on clusters of properties in order to force opponents to pay exorbitant rents and fees.

Although the game is now published in countless languages and versions, with foreign locations and place names appropriate to the target language adorning its board, the beginnings of the game were considerably more humble. The game was invented in 1933 by Charles Darrow, during the height of the Great Depression. Darrow, who lived in Germantown, Pennsylvania, was himself unemployed during those difficult financial times. He set the original game not as might be expected in his hometown of Germantown, but in Atlantic City, New Jersey, the site of numerous pre depression vacations, where he walked along the Boardwalk and visited at Park Place. Darrow made the first games by hand and sold them locally until Parker Brothers purchased the rights to Monopoly in 1935 and took the first steps toward the mass production of today.

Review Skill 6 to get instructions on how to answer " implied detail questions correctly"