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🔴What's the smartest age?
#Memory #Education #Aging #Brain #TED_Ed #Animation
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#Memory #Education #Aging #Brain #TED_Ed #Animation
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👍1
🔴What's the smartest age?
What is the smartest age? Perhaps a day of friendly competition will lead us to the answer.
Tomorrow’s the annual Brain Clash— ten teams of two competing in a decathlon of mental challenges, trivia competitions, and puzzles. I’ve been training all year. I’ll need to pick the smartest, most capable teammate. I’ve narrowed down the roster.
First we have Gabriela. She may only be 8, but don’t underestimate her! She’s fluent in two languages and is the ultimate outside-the-box thinker.
Then there’s Ama. She can recite 100 digits of pi, designs satellites for a living, and bakes a perfect soufflé.
Or I could go with Mr. Taylor. He’s the best chess player in the neighborhood, not to mention he’s competed in over 20 Brain Clashes and is a five-time champion! I’m not sure who to pick! Who’s the smartest?
Which of these teammates should Amir choose for tomorrow's contest and why? Of course, it depends.
While intelligence is often associated with things like IQ tests, these assessments fail to capture the scope and depth of a person’s varied abilities. So instead, we’ll break down the idea of “smart” into categories like creativity, memory, and learning and explore when the brain’s best at each of them.
Let's start at the very beginning. In the first few years of life, your brain undergoes incredible rapid growth, called synaptogenesis, where more than 1 million new neural connections are formed every second.
As the brain develops, it goes through a pruning process. Based on your experience and environment, used connections are strengthened and unused connections are removed. Frequently used neuronal pathways are myelinated, wrapped in a layer of insulation, allowing information to travel faster. This creates a more efficient, fine-tuned brain. But this brain remodeling happens within and between brain regions at different times, allowing different skills to flourish at different ages.
For example, in childhood, brain regions involved in language learning develop quickly, which is why many children can learn and master multiple languages. Yet the prefrontal cortex, a brain region responsible for cognitive control and inhibition, is slower to develop. As a result, some young children may struggle with strategic games, such as chess or checkers, which require constant concentration, planning, and abstract thought. At the same time, children tend to be more flexible, exploration-based learners. They often use more creative approaches when finding solutions to riddles and are, on average, less afraid to make mistakes.
But adults have their own unique set of abilities. Adults benefit from a well-developed prefrontal cortex, allowing them to better execute skills that require learning, focus, and memory, making them quick and efficient puzzle solvers or crossword masters.
Late in adulthood, these same skills may decline as the brain’s memory center, known as the hippocampus, shrinks. But there’s a reason for the phrase “older and wiser.” After a lifetime of learning, older adults have more knowledge to recall and utilize, making them excellent trivia partners.
Other factors that Amir should consider are his own strengths. As an adolescent, the prefrontal cortical regions of your brain are more developed than in childhood. This allows you to better navigate logic and math puzzles. Simultaneously, deep inside the brain, regions that are important in motivation and reward are developing even faster, driving teenagers like Amir to be curious and adventurous learners.
In many ways, you can think of the teenager as a jack-of-all-trades, with brains wired to seek out new experiences and learn quickly. You’re at a dynamic stage, where the choices you make and the skills you focus on can actually guide the development of your brain.
What is the smartest age? Perhaps a day of friendly competition will lead us to the answer.
Tomorrow’s the annual Brain Clash— ten teams of two competing in a decathlon of mental challenges, trivia competitions, and puzzles. I’ve been training all year. I’ll need to pick the smartest, most capable teammate. I’ve narrowed down the roster.
First we have Gabriela. She may only be 8, but don’t underestimate her! She’s fluent in two languages and is the ultimate outside-the-box thinker.
Then there’s Ama. She can recite 100 digits of pi, designs satellites for a living, and bakes a perfect soufflé.
Or I could go with Mr. Taylor. He’s the best chess player in the neighborhood, not to mention he’s competed in over 20 Brain Clashes and is a five-time champion! I’m not sure who to pick! Who’s the smartest?
Which of these teammates should Amir choose for tomorrow's contest and why? Of course, it depends.
While intelligence is often associated with things like IQ tests, these assessments fail to capture the scope and depth of a person’s varied abilities. So instead, we’ll break down the idea of “smart” into categories like creativity, memory, and learning and explore when the brain’s best at each of them.
Let's start at the very beginning. In the first few years of life, your brain undergoes incredible rapid growth, called synaptogenesis, where more than 1 million new neural connections are formed every second.
As the brain develops, it goes through a pruning process. Based on your experience and environment, used connections are strengthened and unused connections are removed. Frequently used neuronal pathways are myelinated, wrapped in a layer of insulation, allowing information to travel faster. This creates a more efficient, fine-tuned brain. But this brain remodeling happens within and between brain regions at different times, allowing different skills to flourish at different ages.
For example, in childhood, brain regions involved in language learning develop quickly, which is why many children can learn and master multiple languages. Yet the prefrontal cortex, a brain region responsible for cognitive control and inhibition, is slower to develop. As a result, some young children may struggle with strategic games, such as chess or checkers, which require constant concentration, planning, and abstract thought. At the same time, children tend to be more flexible, exploration-based learners. They often use more creative approaches when finding solutions to riddles and are, on average, less afraid to make mistakes.
But adults have their own unique set of abilities. Adults benefit from a well-developed prefrontal cortex, allowing them to better execute skills that require learning, focus, and memory, making them quick and efficient puzzle solvers or crossword masters.
Late in adulthood, these same skills may decline as the brain’s memory center, known as the hippocampus, shrinks. But there’s a reason for the phrase “older and wiser.” After a lifetime of learning, older adults have more knowledge to recall and utilize, making them excellent trivia partners.
Other factors that Amir should consider are his own strengths. As an adolescent, the prefrontal cortical regions of your brain are more developed than in childhood. This allows you to better navigate logic and math puzzles. Simultaneously, deep inside the brain, regions that are important in motivation and reward are developing even faster, driving teenagers like Amir to be curious and adventurous learners.
In many ways, you can think of the teenager as a jack-of-all-trades, with brains wired to seek out new experiences and learn quickly. You’re at a dynamic stage, where the choices you make and the skills you focus on can actually guide the development of your brain.
So, what’s the smartest age? There’s no single answer. It’s 8, 16, 25, 65, and everything in between; our brains have adapted to prioritize different skills at various ages to meet that stage of life’s challenges and demands. So no matter who Amir picks, having an age-diverse team is a good strategy.
#Memory #Education #Aging #Brain #TED_Ed #Animation
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#Memory #Education #Aging #Brain #TED_Ed #Animation
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👍1
🔴🔴پکیج رایگان نکات مهم و کاربردی گرامر در دو سطح متوسط و پیشرفته برای داوطلبین کلیه آزمون های بین المللی سنجش زبان در لینک زیر👇👇
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🔴Amazon's commitment to run on 100-percent renewable energy
#Climate_Change #Environment #Sustainability #BusinessEnergy #Renewable_Energy
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#Climate_Change #Environment #Sustainability #BusinessEnergy #Renewable_Energy
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🔴Amazon's commitment to run on 100-percent renewable energy
It sounds simple, just power your business with 100 percent renewable energy. But the detail that goes in and the industry expertise that's required to really understand not just how much energy you're consuming across different parts of your business, but also what's the best and most cost-effective way to drive new wind and solar to the grids around the world. It's complicated, and not everybody has the opportunity to build an internal team of energy experts. It really comes back to the opportunity to partner.
When you take a step back and think about Amazon as a company, it's a complicated place. We operate data centers, distribution centers, warehouses, commercial offices, grocery stores, and all of these different types of operations have a different set of challenges that we're trying to tackle.
We set this goal to get to 100 percent renewable energy by 2030. We started off with questions like, “How much energy did we use in India last year, or last month, or yesterday?” Understanding our usage across time and across geographies, and then mapping that against where are the available solar and wind projects that we could possibly invest in and then figure out where can we be a catalyst to really drive new clean energy to the grids where we operate. We realized very quickly that we cannot go at this alone.
We needed to galvanize collective action across the entire economy, and that’s why we launched The Climate Pledge which is really just that, it’s a pledge and a commitment to get to net zero in alignment with climate science, but an invitation to partner and a collective call to action for other companies to take part in this journey with us.
So when we set out our second headquarters location in Arlington, Virginia, we tried to think about how are we going to power this new campus with 100 percent renewable energy. We got to know Arlington County and realized they also had a commitment to power their government buildings, as well as the entire community, with 100 percent renewable energy over time. So that instant partnership allowed us to come together and say, “What are some cool options that we can explore together to bring new renewable energy to Arlington?”
We took a step back to evaluate how much power will this campus consume? How much power will our local Whole Foods stores, our distribution center stores consume? We were able to add that all up and then talk to the county and ask them the exact same questions. How much power do you need to achieve your clean energy goals? And so we combined those numbers and really came to Dominion, the local utility provider, with the need of basically a 120-megawatt solar farm [to] meet all of our needs. We were able to strike an agreement that would allow us to bring that 120-megawatt solar farm online that would eventually feed the grids that feed government buildings, Amazon stores, as well as our new campus in Arlington.
When we started our journey, we were at 42 percent renewable energy in 2019. And fast forward to today, we're powered by 85 percent renewable energy across the world. We have a chance to accelerate that commitment to get to 100 percent renewable energy from 2030 down to 2025.
We have more work to do, but I think the proof points we have with renewable energy give us a blueprint on how we can attack other parts of the climate crisis yet to be solved. How do we decarbonize concrete in our buildings? How do we think about aviation from a zero-carbon perspective? How do we know what our buildings consume, how do we know where we need to get to to hit our goals?
It sounds simple, just power your business with 100 percent renewable energy. But the detail that goes in and the industry expertise that's required to really understand not just how much energy you're consuming across different parts of your business, but also what's the best and most cost-effective way to drive new wind and solar to the grids around the world. It's complicated, and not everybody has the opportunity to build an internal team of energy experts. It really comes back to the opportunity to partner.
When you take a step back and think about Amazon as a company, it's a complicated place. We operate data centers, distribution centers, warehouses, commercial offices, grocery stores, and all of these different types of operations have a different set of challenges that we're trying to tackle.
We set this goal to get to 100 percent renewable energy by 2030. We started off with questions like, “How much energy did we use in India last year, or last month, or yesterday?” Understanding our usage across time and across geographies, and then mapping that against where are the available solar and wind projects that we could possibly invest in and then figure out where can we be a catalyst to really drive new clean energy to the grids where we operate. We realized very quickly that we cannot go at this alone.
We needed to galvanize collective action across the entire economy, and that’s why we launched The Climate Pledge which is really just that, it’s a pledge and a commitment to get to net zero in alignment with climate science, but an invitation to partner and a collective call to action for other companies to take part in this journey with us.
So when we set out our second headquarters location in Arlington, Virginia, we tried to think about how are we going to power this new campus with 100 percent renewable energy. We got to know Arlington County and realized they also had a commitment to power their government buildings, as well as the entire community, with 100 percent renewable energy over time. So that instant partnership allowed us to come together and say, “What are some cool options that we can explore together to bring new renewable energy to Arlington?”
We took a step back to evaluate how much power will this campus consume? How much power will our local Whole Foods stores, our distribution center stores consume? We were able to add that all up and then talk to the county and ask them the exact same questions. How much power do you need to achieve your clean energy goals? And so we combined those numbers and really came to Dominion, the local utility provider, with the need of basically a 120-megawatt solar farm [to] meet all of our needs. We were able to strike an agreement that would allow us to bring that 120-megawatt solar farm online that would eventually feed the grids that feed government buildings, Amazon stores, as well as our new campus in Arlington.
When we started our journey, we were at 42 percent renewable energy in 2019. And fast forward to today, we're powered by 85 percent renewable energy across the world. We have a chance to accelerate that commitment to get to 100 percent renewable energy from 2030 down to 2025.
We have more work to do, but I think the proof points we have with renewable energy give us a blueprint on how we can attack other parts of the climate crisis yet to be solved. How do we decarbonize concrete in our buildings? How do we think about aviation from a zero-carbon perspective? How do we know what our buildings consume, how do we know where we need to get to to hit our goals?
Amazon wants to get to net zero because we don't have an option. The climate science is clear. We need partnerships to drive change at scale that's really going to drive carbon out of our global economy. And that was really the spirit of The Climate Pledge and a call to action to solve the climate crisis.
#Climate_Change #Environment #Sustainability #BusinessEnergy #Renewable_Energy
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#Climate_Change #Environment #Sustainability #BusinessEnergy #Renewable_Energy
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🔴دانلود کتاب عالی
Vocabulary for IELTS
در دو سطح متوسط و پیشرفته در لینک زیر
👇👇
https://b2n.ir/t89140
Join ➣ @BestIELTS ☜عضويت
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Vocabulary for IELTS
در دو سطح متوسط و پیشرفته در لینک زیر
👇👇
https://b2n.ir/t89140
Join ➣ @BestIELTS ☜عضويت
www.bestielts.ir
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🔴Do you really need 8 hours of sleep every night?
#Science #Health #Marketing #Shopping #Sleep #Human_Body
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#Science #Health #Marketing #Shopping #Sleep #Human_Body
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🔴Do you really need 8 hours of sleep every night?
Sleep is so important. We need it to live. And when we can't sleep, we're desperate for help.
But lately, our fascination with sleep feels as if it's taken on an urgency. Do a quick internet search for sleep and you'll find a slew of articles about how to make your sleep perfect. New gadgets, fancy alarm clocks, stay away from blue light. There are lots of services, products and advice columns that tell us we're sleeping wrong. Not enough, not quality sleep, wrong position. Even worse, you might find scary messaging claiming that if you're not sleeping right your life is going to be shorter, you're going to get all kinds of diseases.
One of the biggest worries we have about our sleep is that we're not getting enough and that anything less than seven hours a night means that we’re doomed to bad health, everything from high blood pressure to Alzheimer’s disease. But there are two flaws with this kind of messaging. The first flaw is that it's not completely accurate. Seven to eight hours of sleep, while recommended for adults, is just an average. And while messages have to be simplified for health communication to the public, sometimes important nuances get lost. So yes, it's true that not getting enough sleep in the long term is associated with health problems like cardiovascular disease, diabetes and depression. But fixating solely on seven to eight hours ignores the fact that there's a range of sleep that people need. The duration of a good night's sleep can be different for different people. Some adults need eight, but some are just fine on six.
The second flaw with this kind of doomsday messaging is that it can be counterproductive, especially for people who do have trouble sleeping. For instance, in 2019, it was estimated that 21 percent of adults in the US were wearing sleep tracking devices. And that number is probably growing. And I get it. It's fascinating to see how much sleep you've gotten each night and to know what part of your night was spent in deep sleep or dreaming. But having all of that sleep data is causing some people to become obsessed with it, so much so that it’s leading to a condition some call orthosomnia: a preoccupation with the constant need to achieve perfect sleep. And this condition, ironically, is causing more sleep problems.
Now orthosomnia might be an extreme example, but the anxiety of not getting enough sleep is keeping some of us up at night. So here's what some experts are saying. Stop fixating on the number because that can lead to unrealistic expectations of sleep. According to Dr. Colleen Carney, a psychologist and the head of the Ryerson University Sleep Lab, the basic questions you should ask yourself are: Do I feel reasonably well-rested during the day? Do I generally sleep through the night without disturbances? Or, if I wake, do I fall back asleep easily? Can I stay awake through the day without involuntarily falling asleep? If your answers are yes to all three, you probably don't need to worry about your sleep. And if you're struggling with your sleep, instead of buying expensive blue light filters or fancy sleep trackers, try talking with your doctor to make sure there aren't any medical conditions that need to be explored first. Then try evidence-based recommendations laid out by the American Academy of Sleep Medicine. What's really cool is that there's a highly effective therapy called cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia, or CBT-I, It doesn’t have any medications involved. And it has a really low failure rate.
Footnotes
Sleep is so important. We need it to live. And when we can't sleep, we're desperate for help.
But lately, our fascination with sleep feels as if it's taken on an urgency. Do a quick internet search for sleep and you'll find a slew of articles about how to make your sleep perfect. New gadgets, fancy alarm clocks, stay away from blue light. There are lots of services, products and advice columns that tell us we're sleeping wrong. Not enough, not quality sleep, wrong position. Even worse, you might find scary messaging claiming that if you're not sleeping right your life is going to be shorter, you're going to get all kinds of diseases.
One of the biggest worries we have about our sleep is that we're not getting enough and that anything less than seven hours a night means that we’re doomed to bad health, everything from high blood pressure to Alzheimer’s disease. But there are two flaws with this kind of messaging. The first flaw is that it's not completely accurate. Seven to eight hours of sleep, while recommended for adults, is just an average. And while messages have to be simplified for health communication to the public, sometimes important nuances get lost. So yes, it's true that not getting enough sleep in the long term is associated with health problems like cardiovascular disease, diabetes and depression. But fixating solely on seven to eight hours ignores the fact that there's a range of sleep that people need. The duration of a good night's sleep can be different for different people. Some adults need eight, but some are just fine on six.
The second flaw with this kind of doomsday messaging is that it can be counterproductive, especially for people who do have trouble sleeping. For instance, in 2019, it was estimated that 21 percent of adults in the US were wearing sleep tracking devices. And that number is probably growing. And I get it. It's fascinating to see how much sleep you've gotten each night and to know what part of your night was spent in deep sleep or dreaming. But having all of that sleep data is causing some people to become obsessed with it, so much so that it’s leading to a condition some call orthosomnia: a preoccupation with the constant need to achieve perfect sleep. And this condition, ironically, is causing more sleep problems.
Now orthosomnia might be an extreme example, but the anxiety of not getting enough sleep is keeping some of us up at night. So here's what some experts are saying. Stop fixating on the number because that can lead to unrealistic expectations of sleep. According to Dr. Colleen Carney, a psychologist and the head of the Ryerson University Sleep Lab, the basic questions you should ask yourself are: Do I feel reasonably well-rested during the day? Do I generally sleep through the night without disturbances? Or, if I wake, do I fall back asleep easily? Can I stay awake through the day without involuntarily falling asleep? If your answers are yes to all three, you probably don't need to worry about your sleep. And if you're struggling with your sleep, instead of buying expensive blue light filters or fancy sleep trackers, try talking with your doctor to make sure there aren't any medical conditions that need to be explored first. Then try evidence-based recommendations laid out by the American Academy of Sleep Medicine. What's really cool is that there's a highly effective therapy called cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia, or CBT-I, It doesn’t have any medications involved. And it has a really low failure rate.
Footnotes
👍2
"In 2019, it was estimated that 21 percent of adults in the US were wearing sleep tracking devices."
Clarification: This statistic was taken from a 2019 Pew Research study that evaluated the number of US adults who wear a smart watch or wearable fitness tracker, which can be used to track sleep among other tracking data, but the study did not specifically look at the number of US adults who wore sleep tracking devices. For more, see here.
#Science #Health #Marketing #Shopping #Sleep #Human_Body
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Clarification: This statistic was taken from a 2019 Pew Research study that evaluated the number of US adults who wear a smart watch or wearable fitness tracker, which can be used to track sleep among other tracking data, but the study did not specifically look at the number of US adults who wore sleep tracking devices. For more, see here.
#Science #Health #Marketing #Shopping #Sleep #Human_Body
🎙Join ➣ @TEDTalksLearning ☜
🎙Join ➣ @TEDTalksLearning ☜
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🔴A carbon-free future starts with driving less
#Climate_Change #Environment #Globa_Issues #Sustainability #Transportation #Countdown
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#Climate_Change #Environment #Globa_Issues #Sustainability #Transportation #Countdown
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🔴A carbon-free future starts with driving less
The number one source of carbon emissions in the United States is coming from transportation. Globally, it's number two. And the majority of that comes from our personal use, our cars and trucks.
How do we consume less energy while meeting the needs that people have of transportation?
[Presented by TED Countdown and The Climate Pledge]
The majority of car trips in the world today are less than five miles. It’s a simple question: Can we get more people to drive less and bike more and scooter more to where they go? The average trip on an e-bike or e-scooter produces less than seven percent carbon emissions of an equivalent car trip. Micro-mobility is dramatically more green than alternatives, and we're working every single day to reduce our own carbon emissions even further.
So what sometimes happens is that a company would say, "What is the dirtiest part of our business? Let's just outsource it. And if we outsource it, we've solved our problems."
But that doesn't actually solve your problem because somebody else is polluting and emitting. If we're going to live up to our own ideals then we need to do the core of what folks have always done: reduce, reuse and recycle.
The early days of micro-mobility, we took a consumer scooter or a consumer e-bike and we put it into a commercial space. And what that meant was that our average scooter lasted a month. Imagine that, every month we need to buy an entire fleet for the world. And that was not green. And it created an enormous amount of shipping cost, manufacturing cost, upstream and ultimately it created problems in terms of end of life of our scooters and e-bikes. And so we found manufacturing partners that can build scooters and e-bikes that last four years, five years, rather than a month.
We also then said, OK, it's not just how long it lasts, it also depends on how many of the parts we can reuse. And so we started to say, let's redesign our entire e-bikes and e-scooters so that if a scooter does break, we can take it apart and reuse many parts of that scooter. We started to use a swappable battery technology. Not only does it increase the life, it also reduces the number of trips we have to take back and forth to actually support our fleet. And we're constantly working to reduce the amount of waste that we actually send to landfill.
As our batteries get to the end of life, they may not have sufficient charge to power an e-bike, but that battery can still power many, many things. We started partnering with a portable speaker maker, and we take that battery that today doesn't have enough juice to power somebody on a scooter and we turn it into the battery for the portable speaker, and it extends and it recycles into that life. A lot of these things wouldn't be part of our direct carbon emissions, but we care about it because the thing that we have to count is the true end to end life cycle of our products.
When I look across all these things, it's not one thing, it's not two things, it's 100 little actions we do. And it starts with understanding and measuring our own environmental impact and challenging ourselves to do better. We have to work at building a future of transportation that is shared, affordable, but most importantly, carbon-free.
#Climate_Change #Environment #Globa_Issues #Sustainability #Transportation #Countdown
🎙Join ➣ @TEDTalksLearning ☜
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The number one source of carbon emissions in the United States is coming from transportation. Globally, it's number two. And the majority of that comes from our personal use, our cars and trucks.
How do we consume less energy while meeting the needs that people have of transportation?
[Presented by TED Countdown and The Climate Pledge]
The majority of car trips in the world today are less than five miles. It’s a simple question: Can we get more people to drive less and bike more and scooter more to where they go? The average trip on an e-bike or e-scooter produces less than seven percent carbon emissions of an equivalent car trip. Micro-mobility is dramatically more green than alternatives, and we're working every single day to reduce our own carbon emissions even further.
So what sometimes happens is that a company would say, "What is the dirtiest part of our business? Let's just outsource it. And if we outsource it, we've solved our problems."
But that doesn't actually solve your problem because somebody else is polluting and emitting. If we're going to live up to our own ideals then we need to do the core of what folks have always done: reduce, reuse and recycle.
The early days of micro-mobility, we took a consumer scooter or a consumer e-bike and we put it into a commercial space. And what that meant was that our average scooter lasted a month. Imagine that, every month we need to buy an entire fleet for the world. And that was not green. And it created an enormous amount of shipping cost, manufacturing cost, upstream and ultimately it created problems in terms of end of life of our scooters and e-bikes. And so we found manufacturing partners that can build scooters and e-bikes that last four years, five years, rather than a month.
We also then said, OK, it's not just how long it lasts, it also depends on how many of the parts we can reuse. And so we started to say, let's redesign our entire e-bikes and e-scooters so that if a scooter does break, we can take it apart and reuse many parts of that scooter. We started to use a swappable battery technology. Not only does it increase the life, it also reduces the number of trips we have to take back and forth to actually support our fleet. And we're constantly working to reduce the amount of waste that we actually send to landfill.
As our batteries get to the end of life, they may not have sufficient charge to power an e-bike, but that battery can still power many, many things. We started partnering with a portable speaker maker, and we take that battery that today doesn't have enough juice to power somebody on a scooter and we turn it into the battery for the portable speaker, and it extends and it recycles into that life. A lot of these things wouldn't be part of our direct carbon emissions, but we care about it because the thing that we have to count is the true end to end life cycle of our products.
When I look across all these things, it's not one thing, it's not two things, it's 100 little actions we do. And it starts with understanding and measuring our own environmental impact and challenging ourselves to do better. We have to work at building a future of transportation that is shared, affordable, but most importantly, carbon-free.
#Climate_Change #Environment #Globa_Issues #Sustainability #Transportation #Countdown
🎙Join ➣ @TEDTalksLearning ☜
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🔴4 things all great listeners know
#Education #Psychology #Relationships #Communication #TED_Ed #Animation
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#Education #Psychology #Relationships #Communication #TED_Ed #Animation
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🔴4 things all great listeners know
It's easy to tell when someone's not paying attention, but it can be surprisingly tricky to know what truly excellent listening looks like. Behavioral scientists have found that good listening is one of the most important things we can do to improve our relationships, develop our worldview, and potentially even change people's minds. So, what can we do to become better listeners?
At its core, listening in a one-on-one conversation is about taking an interest in another person and making them feel understood. There’s no universally agreed upon definition of high-quality listening, but some recurring features include attentiveness, conveying understanding, and showing a positive intention towards the speaker. This doesn’t mean you can simply go through the motions— researchers have found that merely smiling and nodding at set intervals doesn’t quite work. However, there is something slightly performative about listening in that it’s important to show you’re doing it. So, in addition to actively attending to a speaker’s words, good listeners also use questions and body language that indicate their understanding and their desire to understand.
This might feel awkward at first, and what’s most effective might depend on your relationship with the speaker. But with time and practice you can internalize these basic behaviors. So let’s say a good friend wants to tell you about an issue they’re having with their partner. Before even starting your conversation, remove any distractions in the environment. Turn off the TV, take off your headphones and put your phone away— far away. One study showed that even the visible presence of a phone made conversations feel less intimate and fulfilling to those involved.
Once the conversation begins, one of the most important things you can do is also the most obvious— try not to interrupt. This doesn’t mean you need to stay completely silent. But if you do interject, look for natural pauses to ask open-ended questions that benefit the speaker, not just your curiosity. Questions like “What happened next?” or “How did that make you feel?” confirm that you’re following the story while also helping the speaker dive deeper into their own thoughts. Another great way to show your understanding is by summarizing what you just heard and asking if you’ve missed anything. Summaries like this show the speaker that you're truly trying to understand them rather than just waiting for your turn to talk. Speaking of which, while a good conversation requires back and forth, planning out your response while the speaker is talking is a common way to miss what’s being said. So try to stay present and if you lose focus, don't be shy about asking the speaker to repeat what you missed. This might feel embarrassing, but asking for clarification actually shows that you’re committed to understanding. Finally, don’t be afraid of silence. It’s okay to ask for a moment to formulate your response and taking a beat to think can help speakers reflect on their speech as well.
These might seem like small changes, but together they make a big difference. And when people feel heard, they report more satisfaction, trust, and connection in their relationships. In the workplace, employees who feel heard generally experience less burnout, and perceive the managers who listened to them more favorably. Unfortunately, while it might be easy to listen to some people, it can be hard to muster all this focus and attention if you disagree with or dislike the speaker. But these situations might actually benefit most from your efforts to listen openly. The theory of psychological reactance suggests that trying to force someone to change their mind makes them more likely to defend their point of view. However, recent studies suggest that high-quality listening fosters open-mindedness by creating a non-judgmental and psychologically safe environment.
It's easy to tell when someone's not paying attention, but it can be surprisingly tricky to know what truly excellent listening looks like. Behavioral scientists have found that good listening is one of the most important things we can do to improve our relationships, develop our worldview, and potentially even change people's minds. So, what can we do to become better listeners?
At its core, listening in a one-on-one conversation is about taking an interest in another person and making them feel understood. There’s no universally agreed upon definition of high-quality listening, but some recurring features include attentiveness, conveying understanding, and showing a positive intention towards the speaker. This doesn’t mean you can simply go through the motions— researchers have found that merely smiling and nodding at set intervals doesn’t quite work. However, there is something slightly performative about listening in that it’s important to show you’re doing it. So, in addition to actively attending to a speaker’s words, good listeners also use questions and body language that indicate their understanding and their desire to understand.
This might feel awkward at first, and what’s most effective might depend on your relationship with the speaker. But with time and practice you can internalize these basic behaviors. So let’s say a good friend wants to tell you about an issue they’re having with their partner. Before even starting your conversation, remove any distractions in the environment. Turn off the TV, take off your headphones and put your phone away— far away. One study showed that even the visible presence of a phone made conversations feel less intimate and fulfilling to those involved.
Once the conversation begins, one of the most important things you can do is also the most obvious— try not to interrupt. This doesn’t mean you need to stay completely silent. But if you do interject, look for natural pauses to ask open-ended questions that benefit the speaker, not just your curiosity. Questions like “What happened next?” or “How did that make you feel?” confirm that you’re following the story while also helping the speaker dive deeper into their own thoughts. Another great way to show your understanding is by summarizing what you just heard and asking if you’ve missed anything. Summaries like this show the speaker that you're truly trying to understand them rather than just waiting for your turn to talk. Speaking of which, while a good conversation requires back and forth, planning out your response while the speaker is talking is a common way to miss what’s being said. So try to stay present and if you lose focus, don't be shy about asking the speaker to repeat what you missed. This might feel embarrassing, but asking for clarification actually shows that you’re committed to understanding. Finally, don’t be afraid of silence. It’s okay to ask for a moment to formulate your response and taking a beat to think can help speakers reflect on their speech as well.
These might seem like small changes, but together they make a big difference. And when people feel heard, they report more satisfaction, trust, and connection in their relationships. In the workplace, employees who feel heard generally experience less burnout, and perceive the managers who listened to them more favorably. Unfortunately, while it might be easy to listen to some people, it can be hard to muster all this focus and attention if you disagree with or dislike the speaker. But these situations might actually benefit most from your efforts to listen openly. The theory of psychological reactance suggests that trying to force someone to change their mind makes them more likely to defend their point of view. However, recent studies suggest that high-quality listening fosters open-mindedness by creating a non-judgmental and psychologically safe environment.
Of course, truly open-minded listening isn’t about changing people’s minds. Good listening is not the same as agreeing, and conversations don’t have to end with a happy resolution. But even during a disagreement, sometimes being heard is enough to start a deeper conversation.
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🔴Can exercise actually "boost" your metabolism?
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🔴Can exercise actually "boost" your metabolism?
We often hear that exercise can help with weight loss by speeding up or boosting our metabolism. So is it true? Can we use exercise to control our metabolism?
[Body Stuff with Dr. Jen Gunter]
To answer that question, we have to first dig deeper into what metabolism is. No surprise, metabolism is really complex, and scientists and researchers are still discovering many new things about it. Very simply, metabolism is the set of chemical reactions in every cell of our body that harnesses energy to keep us alive.
So much of what happens in our bodies is metabolism, making new cells is metabolism, growing hair is metabolism, and converting food into energy is metabolism. The sum total energy of all the metabolic processes that occur throughout our body is measured in calories. And surprisingly, exercise is usually a small percentage of our daily calorie burn.
Unless you're a professional athlete, most of our calorie expenditure is accounted for by our basal metabolic rate. All the vital stuff we need to function, like having a heartbeat, growing hair, building cells and even blinking. That stuff takes up a big chunk of our energy. So can we hack this equation in some way? Can we use exercise to speed up our metabolism so we burn more energy? Can we burn even more calories? Not just doing burpees, but while we're growing an eyelash, than before?
The answer is no. First of all, this is a misunderstanding of what fast versus slow metabolism really indicates. There's no clear link between thinner people and fast metabolism, and the same goes for larger people and slow metabolism. In fact, if you look at the absolute numbers, people with larger bodies have faster metabolisms, meaning they burn more calories because larger bodies have more cells, which in turn are doing more to sustain the body.
Now, differences in metabolism between people with similar body sizes do exist, but the difference between fast metabolism and slow metabolism can be about 300 calories. That’s like two apples and a banana.
How fast our metabolism works is mostly genetic and related to body size, but there's also age. Our metabolic rate changes a few times over our lifespan. We start with the metabolic rate of an infant. Then there is a switch when we are toddlers, and then it’s pretty stable during adulthood to age 60, when it changes again.
Researchers evaluated the Hadza, a group of people in Tanzania who live a traditional hunter gatherer lifestyle. And yet, when you control for body size and age, they burn a similar amount of calories a day as an average American adult. It seems that calories out is a pretty fixed number, and it appears that our bodies have limits. If we exercise harder, at first we may expend more energy, but over time, our metabolism will find ways to conserve.
Here's what I'm getting at. The point of our metabolic system is to manage energy, not to manage weight. So if you read an article or hear a so-called expert inviting you to boost your metabolism, remember that’s just marketing speak rooted in a weight loss culture. And it just isn’t true.
#Culture #Science #Food #Health #Human_Body
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We often hear that exercise can help with weight loss by speeding up or boosting our metabolism. So is it true? Can we use exercise to control our metabolism?
[Body Stuff with Dr. Jen Gunter]
To answer that question, we have to first dig deeper into what metabolism is. No surprise, metabolism is really complex, and scientists and researchers are still discovering many new things about it. Very simply, metabolism is the set of chemical reactions in every cell of our body that harnesses energy to keep us alive.
So much of what happens in our bodies is metabolism, making new cells is metabolism, growing hair is metabolism, and converting food into energy is metabolism. The sum total energy of all the metabolic processes that occur throughout our body is measured in calories. And surprisingly, exercise is usually a small percentage of our daily calorie burn.
Unless you're a professional athlete, most of our calorie expenditure is accounted for by our basal metabolic rate. All the vital stuff we need to function, like having a heartbeat, growing hair, building cells and even blinking. That stuff takes up a big chunk of our energy. So can we hack this equation in some way? Can we use exercise to speed up our metabolism so we burn more energy? Can we burn even more calories? Not just doing burpees, but while we're growing an eyelash, than before?
The answer is no. First of all, this is a misunderstanding of what fast versus slow metabolism really indicates. There's no clear link between thinner people and fast metabolism, and the same goes for larger people and slow metabolism. In fact, if you look at the absolute numbers, people with larger bodies have faster metabolisms, meaning they burn more calories because larger bodies have more cells, which in turn are doing more to sustain the body.
Now, differences in metabolism between people with similar body sizes do exist, but the difference between fast metabolism and slow metabolism can be about 300 calories. That’s like two apples and a banana.
How fast our metabolism works is mostly genetic and related to body size, but there's also age. Our metabolic rate changes a few times over our lifespan. We start with the metabolic rate of an infant. Then there is a switch when we are toddlers, and then it’s pretty stable during adulthood to age 60, when it changes again.
Researchers evaluated the Hadza, a group of people in Tanzania who live a traditional hunter gatherer lifestyle. And yet, when you control for body size and age, they burn a similar amount of calories a day as an average American adult. It seems that calories out is a pretty fixed number, and it appears that our bodies have limits. If we exercise harder, at first we may expend more energy, but over time, our metabolism will find ways to conserve.
Here's what I'm getting at. The point of our metabolic system is to manage energy, not to manage weight. So if you read an article or hear a so-called expert inviting you to boost your metabolism, remember that’s just marketing speak rooted in a weight loss culture. And it just isn’t true.
#Culture #Science #Food #Health #Human_Body
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🔴The truth about yeast in your body
#Health #Health_Care #Illness #Human_Body
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🔴The truth about yeast in your body
As an OB-GYN who specializes in vulvovaginal disorders, I hear a lot of myths about vaginal yeast infections, and the one that just won't go away is that they're linked to too much sugar in your diet.
On the surface, the idea sounds plausible. After all, sugar is a food source -- not just for us, but also for yeast and bacteria. So if we eat more sugar, we're feeding the yeast. And there are studies that show yeast infections are more common in people with diabetes, who can have higher levels of sugar in their blood. But the truth is, the sugar consumption-yeast connection is a myth for most, perpetuated both by well-meaning but ill-informed health care professionals as well as purveyors of snake oil -- you know, the ones who want to sell you cleanses, diets and books designed to help you get rid of all the yeast.
The first thing you need to know is that yeast is normally found in the vagina. At some point in a given year, one study estimates that 70 percent of people will have yeast in their vagina, just hanging out in the microbiome and causing no symptoms. And secondly, sugar is normally found in the vagina. After all, that's what also feeds the good bacteria.
It's the overgrowth of this yeast that's already there that produces symptoms and results in what we call a yeast infection.
One theory for the sugar-yeast connection is that the source of the yeast is actually in the gut, and that a high-sugar diet feeds this yeast, which makes it overgrow, and then it gets into the vagina. But there's no credible data to support this. Another theory is that eating more sugar causes sugar levels in the vagina to rise, thus feeding the yeast. But it doesn't. And yes, someone actually studied this. Researchers gave people, some with a history of vaginal yeast infections and others without, a drink containing a lot of sugar or glucose. Their blood and vaginal sugar levels were measured before and after the drink. They found that the sugar levels in the vaginal secretions didn't change for either group.
But what about diabetes? Now we know diabetes is associated with an increased risk of vaginal yeast infections, but the actual reason why isn't known. While very elevated glucose levels might be part of it, it seems the immune system and other factors may also be playing a role. There is a newer class of diabetes medications that causes people to dump a lot of sugar into their urine as a way to lower blood sugar. The massive amounts of sugar in the urine can cause yeast infections on the vulva as the vulva is being bathed in levels of sugar it didn't evolve to handle. But unless you have diabetes, there is no link between eating sugar and yeast infections.
So ignore the so-called influencers. It’s fine to enjoy a slice of cake now and then. And definitely skip the cleanses.
#Health #Health_Care #Illness #Human_Body
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As an OB-GYN who specializes in vulvovaginal disorders, I hear a lot of myths about vaginal yeast infections, and the one that just won't go away is that they're linked to too much sugar in your diet.
On the surface, the idea sounds plausible. After all, sugar is a food source -- not just for us, but also for yeast and bacteria. So if we eat more sugar, we're feeding the yeast. And there are studies that show yeast infections are more common in people with diabetes, who can have higher levels of sugar in their blood. But the truth is, the sugar consumption-yeast connection is a myth for most, perpetuated both by well-meaning but ill-informed health care professionals as well as purveyors of snake oil -- you know, the ones who want to sell you cleanses, diets and books designed to help you get rid of all the yeast.
The first thing you need to know is that yeast is normally found in the vagina. At some point in a given year, one study estimates that 70 percent of people will have yeast in their vagina, just hanging out in the microbiome and causing no symptoms. And secondly, sugar is normally found in the vagina. After all, that's what also feeds the good bacteria.
It's the overgrowth of this yeast that's already there that produces symptoms and results in what we call a yeast infection.
One theory for the sugar-yeast connection is that the source of the yeast is actually in the gut, and that a high-sugar diet feeds this yeast, which makes it overgrow, and then it gets into the vagina. But there's no credible data to support this. Another theory is that eating more sugar causes sugar levels in the vagina to rise, thus feeding the yeast. But it doesn't. And yes, someone actually studied this. Researchers gave people, some with a history of vaginal yeast infections and others without, a drink containing a lot of sugar or glucose. Their blood and vaginal sugar levels were measured before and after the drink. They found that the sugar levels in the vaginal secretions didn't change for either group.
But what about diabetes? Now we know diabetes is associated with an increased risk of vaginal yeast infections, but the actual reason why isn't known. While very elevated glucose levels might be part of it, it seems the immune system and other factors may also be playing a role. There is a newer class of diabetes medications that causes people to dump a lot of sugar into their urine as a way to lower blood sugar. The massive amounts of sugar in the urine can cause yeast infections on the vulva as the vulva is being bathed in levels of sugar it didn't evolve to handle. But unless you have diabetes, there is no link between eating sugar and yeast infections.
So ignore the so-called influencers. It’s fine to enjoy a slice of cake now and then. And definitely skip the cleanses.
#Health #Health_Care #Illness #Human_Body
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