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đĻģ CHOLESTEATOMA | SOMedEd
Cholesteatoma is a collection of keratinizing squamous epithelium in the middle ear. It is not malignant but is locally destructive.
Usually follows chronic otitis media or a retraction pocket where skin gets trapped.
âī¸ Key pathology
Expands and erodes bone
Affects ossicles, mastoid air cells, sometimes facial nerve
đ Clinical features
Foul-smelling chronic ear discharge
Painless progressive conductive hearing loss
Ear fullness
đ Diagnosis
Otoscopy: pearly white mass
CT temporal bone: bone erosion
đ Treatment
Surgical removal
đ¨ Complications
Conductive hearing loss
Mastoiditis
Facial nerve palsy
Intracranial infection
âī¸ Key clue
Chronic foul-smelling discharge + painless hearing loss = cholesteatoma until proven otherwise
Cholesteatoma is a collection of keratinizing squamous epithelium in the middle ear. It is not malignant but is locally destructive.
Usually follows chronic otitis media or a retraction pocket where skin gets trapped.
âī¸ Key pathology
Expands and erodes bone
Affects ossicles, mastoid air cells, sometimes facial nerve
đ Clinical features
Foul-smelling chronic ear discharge
Painless progressive conductive hearing loss
Ear fullness
đ Diagnosis
Otoscopy: pearly white mass
CT temporal bone: bone erosion
đ Treatment
Surgical removal
đ¨ Complications
Conductive hearing loss
Mastoiditis
Facial nerve palsy
Intracranial infection
âī¸ Key clue
Chronic foul-smelling discharge + painless hearing loss = cholesteatoma until proven otherwise
Forwarded from Files for Pediatrics and OBGYN | Black Lion đđ
đĻģ LARYNGOMALACIA | SOMedEd
đĻģ Laryngomalacia is the most common cause of inspiratory stridor in infants.
It occurs due to collapse of the supraglottic tissues during inspiration, leading to noisy breathing that typically worsens when the baby is supine and improves when prone.
đ Laryngoscopy may show the classic omega-shaped epiglottis (Ί).
Most cases are mild and resolve spontaneously by 18 months with reassurance and close follow-up. Concurrent gastroesophageal reflux should also be managed when present.
đĻģ Laryngomalacia is the most common cause of inspiratory stridor in infants.
It occurs due to collapse of the supraglottic tissues during inspiration, leading to noisy breathing that typically worsens when the baby is supine and improves when prone.
đ Laryngoscopy may show the classic omega-shaped epiglottis (Ί).
Most cases are mild and resolve spontaneously by 18 months with reassurance and close follow-up. Concurrent gastroesophageal reflux should also be managed when present.
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TEF with EA is most commonly associated with which syndrome?
Anonymous Quiz
16%
Down syndrome
65%
VACTERL association
9%
Turner syndrome
11%
Marfan syndrome
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Is vitamin toxicity more likely with water-soluble or fat-soluble vitamins?
Anonymous Quiz
32%
Water-soluble vitamins
68%
Fat-soluble vitamins
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Forwarded from Black Lion | School of Medicine đđ
Forwarded from Pediatrics Questions Channel đđ
đ§ Eustachian Tube in Young Children | SOMedEd
In young children, the Eustachian tube is short, narrow, and more horizontal. This causes poor drainage and easy blockage, especially after viral URIs or AOM. Fluid then gets trapped in the middle ear, leading to OME.
â¤2
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Forwarded from Black Lion | School of Medicine đđ
Forwarded from Pediatrics Questions Channel đđ
Most common pathogen in impetigo:
Anonymous Quiz
82%
S. aureus
7%
E. coli
7%
Pseudomonas
4%
Enterococcus
â¤1
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Most common cause of hand-foot-mouth disease:
Anonymous Quiz
21%
Parvovirus B19
60%
Coxsackievirus A
9%
RSV
10%
Adenovirus
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First-line treatment for congenital hypothyroidism:
Anonymous Quiz
7%
Methimazole
84%
Levothyroxine
4%
Propranolol
4%
Prednisolone
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Which of the following is a major intracellular anion?
Anonymous Quiz
34%
Chloride
26%
Bicarbonate
19%
Proteins
21%
Sodium
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Normal glomerular filtration rate is approximately:
Anonymous Quiz
6%
30 mL/min
18%
60 mL/min
68%
120 mL/min
8%
200 mL/min
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PMOS.pdf
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SOMedEd: Updates in Medicine đĸ
PCOS is now PMOS đ. This rename reflects its nature as a multisystem endocrine and metabolic disorder, not just an ovarian issue. đŠēđ§Ŧ
PCOS is now PMOS đ. This rename reflects its nature as a multisystem endocrine and metabolic disorder, not just an ovarian issue. đŠēđ§Ŧ
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Angiotensin-converting enzyme is primarily located in:
Anonymous Quiz
23%
Kidney cortex
11%
Liver sinusoids
53%
Lung capillaries
13%
Adrenal medulla