Flapping tremors is usually a sign of
Anonymous Quiz
87%
Chronic liver disease
4%
Iron deficiency anemia
6%
Nephrotic syndrome
2%
Previous trauma
The axillary lymph nodes are divided into three levels (I, II, III) based on their relationship to which structure?
Anonymous Quiz
15%
The axillary artery
33%
The pectoralis major
52%
The pectoralis minor
0%
The axillary vein
What condition can traumatic fat necrosis of the breast sometimes resemble?
Anonymous Quiz
41%
Fibroadenoma
38%
Carcinoma
21%
Mastitis
0%
Ductal hyperplasia
A 25-year-old woman who recently started breastfeeding is having difficulty feeding her baby. Now her breasts are red, warm, and painful She switched to using a breast Pump and has started taking antibiotics, What condition is she at risk of developing?
Anonymous Quiz
83%
Acute breast abscess
11%
Chronic breast abscess
6%
Systemic bacteraemia
0%
Inflammatory breast cancer
In mammary duct ectasia, the presence of many plasma cells is referred to as:
Anonymous Quiz
5%
Plasma cell carcinoma
11%
Plasma cell hyperplasia
84%
Plasma cell mastitis
Which of the following is included in ANDI (Aberrations of Normal Development and Involution) disease of the breast?
Anonymous Quiz
61%
Adenosis
11%
Nipple retraction
22%
in situ ductal carcinoma
6%
Angiomata
Which of the following statements about phyllodes tumours is correct?
Anonymous Quiz
13%
Proliferation of connective tissue with ductal elements
6%
Whorled and cellular stroma.
25%
10% are malignant, and treatment generally involves wide excision
56%
All the above
The pancreas is never a content in a hernia because it
Anonymous Quiz
81%
A retroperitoneal organ
15%
Plastered on the vertebral column
0%
A complex organ
4%
Intimately related to the duodenum
Herniotomy involves which surgical action?
Anonymous Quiz
8%
Closure of the defect without tension
65%
Excision of the sac
19%
Repair of the defect by approximation
8%
Placement of synthetic mesh
All the following are manifestations of a strangulated hernia, except:
Anonymous Quiz
12%
Intestinal obstruction
0%
Painful swelling
15%
Tense and tender swelling
73%
Impulse on cough
Which of the following is a common cause of irreducibility in hernias?
Anonymous Quiz
3%
Acute inflammation
57%
Adhesions within the sac
23%
Strangulation
17%
Increased intra-abdominal pressure
What is the primary function of the transversalis fascia?
Anonymous Quiz
82%
Protection against hemia formation
3%
Muscle contraction
3%
Blood supply to the canal
12%
Support for the scrotum
Elevated jugular venous pressure is a sign of:
Anonymous Quiz
3%
a) Liver cirrhosis
2%
b) Peripheral oedema.
92%
c) Heart failure
3%
d) Pulmonary fibrosis.
Which of the following drugs act by blocking Na/K ATPase thus increasing cardiac muscle
contractility?
contractility?
Anonymous Quiz
3%
a) Dobutamine
0%
b) Milrinone
97%
c) Digoxin
0%
d) Hydralazine
Choose the correct answer regarding orthopnea:
Anonymous Quiz
14%
a) Orthopnea is a symptom of right sided heart failure
7%
b) Orthopnea is shortness of breath on exertion
67%
c) Orthopnea is a symptom of left sided heart failure
12%
d) Orthopnea is shortness of breath that awakens the patient 2 hours after slee
Which of the following is Not a cause of left ventricular failure?
Anonymous Quiz
0%
A. Ischemic heart disease
5%
B. Cardiomyopathy
95%
C. Bronchial asthma
0%
D. Hypertension
Which of the following could be a side effect of spironolactone?
Anonymous Quiz
16%
A. Hypokalemia
7%
B. Hypernatremia
66%
C. Hyperkalemia
10%
D. Hypocalcemia
Which of the following is the most appropriate initial diagnostic test to assess suspected
heart failure in a patient presenting with dyspnea, fatigue, and peripheral edema?
heart failure in a patient presenting with dyspnea, fatigue, and peripheral edema?
Anonymous Quiz
0%
A) Cardiac MRI
36%
B) Electrocardiogram (ECG)
60%
C) B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) or NT-proBNP testing
3%
D) Coronary angiography
In patient with LV HF, RBF decreases. Which of the following increases from kidneys in
response:
response:
Anonymous Quiz
2%
a. Nitric oxide
92%
b. Renin
5%
c. ANP
2%
d. Catecholamines
❤1
The most common causes of heart failure include all except:
Anonymous Quiz
13%
A. Coronary atherosclerosis
11%
B. Hypertension
68%
C. Pericarditis
8%
D. Mitral stenosis