Acquired in late childhood

Inherited as autosomal recessive

Non-curable

Slow progression

Fragile X syndrome

Galactosemia

Tuberous sclerosis

All of the above

Intramuscular diazepam immediately on arrival in hospital

IV Phenytoin if appropriate initial therapy is ineffective.

No need for oxygen at any time during therapy

IV'diazepam is contraindicated because of respiratory centre depression

In newborns, the only feature may be bulging of anterior fontanel

Neck rigidity is absent in infancy

Neisseria meningitides is commonest cause in pediatric age groups

Convulsions are common

EEG findings are characteristic.

Precipitated by hyperventilation.

There is no aura

Typically the child falls to the ground during an attack.

Frequently occur in neonates

It is due to an extra cranial cause of fever

May sometimes occur without fever

Should always be investigated by lumbar puncture to exclude meningitis

Occurs in children aged from six months to five years.

Often involve other children in the family

Simple febrile seizures are more common

Usually occurs after drop of fever.

ACTH for infantile spasm.

Ethosuximide for absence seizures

Phenytoin as first choice for absence seizures

Sodium valproate for primary generalized tonic clonic seizures

Convulsions never occur

CSF protein may be normal

Neck rigidity is absent

Neisseria meningitides is commonest cause

Acute adrenal failure

Blindness

Deafness

Decrease sugar and protein

Increased protein and decreased glucose

Increased protein and glucose

Normal glucose and protein may increase

Normal protein and decreased glucose,

Increased protein and decreased glucose.

Increased protein and glucose.

Normal protein and decreased glucose.

Normal protein and glucose.

Acute infectious polyneuritis

Cerebral diplegia

Poliomyelitis

Werdnig Hoffmann disease

Choking and dysphagia.

Mental retardation

Muscle wasting

Tongue fasciculations.

Down's syndrome

Duchenne muscular dystrophy

Guillain-Barre syndrome

Werdnig-Hoffinann disease.

Is caused by lesions in the anterior horn cells.

It is genetically determined.

Mechanical ventilation may be needed

Respiratory muscles are never affected.

Ascending paralysis.

Asymmetrical paralysis

IV immunoglobulin is one of the lines of therapy.

Sensory manifestations may be present

Acute onset of paresthesia in lower extremities.

Elevation of blood pressure may occur

Marked weakness and tenderness of muscles.

Plasmapharesis is the initial treatment of choice

Ankle Clonus

Fasciculation

Hyporeflexia

Muscle hypertrophy

Cardiomyopathy is an important cause of death.

Creatine phosphokinase (CPK) is highly elevated.

EMG shows neuropathic changes.

The gait is usually waddling.

Suspected mass lesion of the brain

Symptoms and signs of impending cerebral herniation

Skin infection at the site of the lumbar puncture

Thrombocytopenia with a platelet count <50×109/L