Severe efferent arteriolar constriction

Afferent arteriolar dilatation.

Afferent arteriolar constriction.

Increase Kf.

Depends on permeability of the glomerular membrane and Surface area of the glomerular capillaries

Depends on net filtration forces.

Is the glomerular filtration rate without changing filtration pressure.

= 125 mmHg

Distal convoluted tubule.

Loop of Henle.

Early part of proximal convoluted tubule.

Collecting duct.

SGLT-1

GLUT-1

GLUT-2

SGLT-2

Simple diffusion.

Facilitated diffusion.

Primary active transport.

Secondary active transport.

The maximum amount of glucose (in mg) that can be reabsorbed by the renal tubules per minute

The maximum amount of glucose (in mg) that can be secreted by the renal tubules per minute

is determined by number of glucose receptors in kidney

Is the amount of glucose that appears in urine per minute.

a- The right and left anterior spaces are separated from each other by the falciform ligament.

b- The left anterior space is not continuous with the left lateral paracolic gutter

c- The lesser sac is the left posterior space

d- The right anterior space is not continuous with the right lateral paracolic gutter

There's elevated blood glucose level.

TmG is markedly increased.

The renal threshold for glucose is lowered below 180 mg %.

Glucose doesn't appear in urine

a- The inferior hemiazygos vein passes through the right crus

b- The sympathetic chain passes deep to the lateral arcuate ligament

c- The esophagus passes through the left crus

d- The inferior vena cava passes through the central tendon

Is dependent on ADH.

Is an active process.

Comprises 87% of the filtered water

Comprises 13% of the filtered water.

a- The fundus of the gall bladder lies at the tip of the right 9th costal cartilage

b-The left side of the neck of the gall bladder may show a bulge called the Hartman's pouch

c-The body of the gall bladder is related posteriorly to the transverse colon

d- The common bile duct is about 3 inches long

Is dependent on ADH.

Is an active process.

Comprises 87% of the filtered water.

Comprises 13% of the secreted water.

a- It is about 25 cm long

b- It descends vertically along the tips of transverse processes of L2-L5

c-It is crossed in the abdomen by the gonadal artery

d- The inferior mesenteric vein lies on the lateral side of the left ureter

The extent of facultative water reabsorption only

The extent of obligatory water reabsorption only.

All of the above.

None of the above.

a- The left gland is semilunar in shape

b-The right gland lies deep to the inferior vena cava

c-The left gland lies deep to the stomach

d- The left suprarenal vein is drained into the left renal vein

a- The left testicular vein is drained into the left renal vein

b- The artery of the vas is a branch of the inferior epigastric A.

The right testicular vein is drained into the right renal vein

d- Tunica vaginalis is the outer fibrous coat of the testis

a- The falciform ligament separates the anterior subphrenic spaces from each other

b- The right triangular ligament separates the right anterior and posterior spaces from each other

c- The left posterior subphrenic space is the lesser sac

d- The right posterior subphrenic space Is the Morison's pouch

a- Its motor supply comes from the phrenic nerve

b- Its aortic opening is at the level of 10th thoracic vertebra

c- Its esophageal opening is at the level of 8th thoracic vertebra

d- Its inferior vena cava opening lies at 12th thoracic vertebra

Choline

Betaine

Methionine

Ethionine

Flat cells lining the lumen of large ducts.

Columnar cells lining the pancreatic acini.

Myoepithelial cells around the acini

Telescoped inside the pancreatic acinus

Somatostatin

Insulin and glucagon

Langerhans cells

APUD cells of the intestine