⚫️Somatostatin
🟣 مكان الافراز؟
D cells in GIT mucosa ➡️ 65%
Delta cells of pancreatic islets ➡️ 35%
🔶️ ايه المحفز؟
انه وجود عند الخلايا Glucose and amino acids
أو لو فى احماض عند antrum أو Deudenum
🛑 طب بيعمل ايه؟
ده هرمون مخنوق من حياته مش طايق حد
بيعمل inhibition لكل حاجه
1️⃣ inhibit secretion of gastrin , CCK , VIP , GIP secretin and motilin
2️⃣ inhibit endocrine and exocrine pancreatic secretion
3️⃣ inhibit gastrin motility and acid-induced gastrin secretion
4️⃣ inhibit contraction of Gall Bladder and absorption of glucose , amino acids and TAG
🟣 مكان الافراز؟
D cells in GIT mucosa ➡️ 65%
Delta cells of pancreatic islets ➡️ 35%
🔶️ ايه المحفز؟
انه وجود عند الخلايا Glucose and amino acids
أو لو فى احماض عند antrum أو Deudenum
🛑 طب بيعمل ايه؟
ده هرمون مخنوق من حياته مش طايق حد
بيعمل inhibition لكل حاجه
1️⃣ inhibit secretion of gastrin , CCK , VIP , GIP secretin and motilin
2️⃣ inhibit endocrine and exocrine pancreatic secretion
3️⃣ inhibit gastrin motility and acid-induced gastrin secretion
4️⃣ inhibit contraction of Gall Bladder and absorption of glucose , amino acids and TAG
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🛑 الحاجات ديه بتحفز خروج هرمون زى
1️⃣ Products of digestion of protein : ( Gastrin, secretin CCK , Somatostatin )
2️⃣ Fat : GIP , CCK
3️⃣ Glucose : GIP , Somatostatin
1️⃣ Products of digestion of protein : ( Gastrin, secretin CCK , Somatostatin )
2️⃣ Fat : GIP , CCK
3️⃣ Glucose : GIP , Somatostatin
Regarding permeability of the glomerular membrane, all of the following is true, EXCEPT:
Anonymous Quiz
14%
it is inversely proportional to the diameter of the penetrating molecules.
63%
to albumin is more than expected by because albumin carries negative charge
15%
to cationic molecules is greater than the permeability to neutral ones having the same diameter
9%
is affected by charge lining the capillary endothelium.
Which of the following would cause an increase in glomerular filtration rate(GFR)?
Anonymous Quiz
6%
hyperproteinemia
92%
dilation of afferent arteriole
0%
dilation of efferent arteriole
1%
stone in the ureter
The juxtamedullary nephrons:
Anonymous Quiz
1%
constitute about 40% of nephrons in human kidney.
9%
its proximal and distal convoluted tubules are present in medulla
9%
its blood flow is about 20% of the total blood flow in human kidney..
80%
have vasa recta that acts as a countercurrent exchange system.
Which one lies in the transpyloric plane?
Anonymous Quiz
15%
a- Fundus of the stomach
46%
b- The coeliac trunk
28%
c- Hilum of the spleen
11%
d- 11th rib
Regarding the large intestine, one of the following statements is correct:
Anonymous Quiz
95%
a- Pain of appendicitis is usually referred to the region of the umbilicus
0%
b- The left colic flexure lies in front of the right kidney
2%
c- The left part of the transverse colon is retroperitoneal
3%
d- The appendix usually lies in the subcecal position
9- Regarding the spleen, one of the following statements is correct:
Anonymous Quiz
15%
a- It lies in the right hypochondrium opposite the 9th, 10th and 11th ribs
10%
b- Its visceral surface is related to the diaphragm
67%
c- It is supplied by the celiac trunk
8%
d- Its visceral surface is related to the head of the pancreas
Regarding the pancreas, one of the following statements is correct:
Anonymous Quiz
8%
a- The tail passes through the gastrosplenic ligament
83%
b- The superior mesenteric vessels lie anterior to the uncinate process of head
2%
c- The left renal vein lies anterior to the body
7%
d- The pyloroduodenal junction lies behind the neck
Regarding the blood supply of the gut, one of the following statements is correct:
Anonymous Quiz
2%
a- The splenic artery lies deep to body of the pancreas
11%
b- The superior mesenteric vein lies on the left side of the superior mesenteric artery
6%
c- The arterial arcades are simple in the mesentery of the ileum
81%
d- The inferior mesenteric artery supplies the left 1/3 of the transverse colon
22. Auerbach's plexus is found in:
Anonymous Quiz
45%
a. The muscularis externa.
34%
B. The submucosa.
17%
c. The muscularis mucosa.
4%
d. The mucosa.
23. The fundic glands are characterized by the following:
Anonymous Quiz
9%
a. Occupy 1/2 the thickness of mucosa.
14%
b. Parallel to the surface.
72%
c. Simple branched tubular glands.
5%
d. Abundant C.T. in-between.
24. The fundus of the stomach:
Anonymous Quiz
81%
a. Musculosa is formed of three layers.
12%
b. Fundic glands are in submucosa.
2%
c. Adventitia is loose C.T.
5%
d. Thick fundic sphincter.
25. The fundic glands are lined by:
Anonymous Quiz
7%
a. Oxyphil cells.
71%
b. Chief cells.
11%
c. Goblet cells.
11%
d. Paneth cells.
26. The parietal cells are characterized by the following:
Anonymous Quiz
87%
a. Mainly located in the upper 1/2 of the fundic glands.
10%
b. Deeply basophilic.
0%
c. Secrete mucus.
3%
d. Basal granules.
27. One of the following is true concerning the oxyntic cells:
Anonymous Quiz
3%
a. Secrete rennin.
13%
b. Have basal rounded nuclei.
67%
c. Apical intracellular canaliculi.
18%
d. Apical granules.
28. The chief cells are:
Anonymous Quiz
8%
a. Deeply acidophilic.
10%
b. Characterized by intracellular canaliculi.
78%
c. Secrete rennin & pepsinogen.
5%
d. Have well developed SER.
29. The peptic cells are characterized by the following:
Anonymous Quiz
80%
a. Mainly found in the base of fundic glands.
2%
b. Numerous sER.
10%
c. Infra-nuclear Golgi apparatus.
7%
d. Secrete Hcl.
30. The following cell is located in the lining of the fundic mucosa:
Anonymous Quiz
11%
a. Goblet cells.
11%
b. Paneth cells.
2%
c. Oxyphil cells.
76%
d. Peptic cells.
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