Vagabonds in Space

In the endless expanse of the Universe, orphan planets, a.k.a. tramps, or alien planets, fly in the darkness and silence. Once many of them had their own star. But these planets have gone out of orbit and now wander in space in sad loneliness.

✔️In spite of their seeming elusiveness, astronomers have been able to locate several distant planets thanks to the method of gravitational microlensing.

In September 2020, the first Earth-mass orphan planet, OGLE-2016-BLG-1928, was discovered in the Milky Way Galaxy, unconnected to any star.

Blades of African tribes

African tribal blades were once formidable weapons against colonizers and neighbors. Nowadays these swords and cleavers are either commonplace tourist souvenirs or the object of fascination for collectors of knives or Africanists.

A cosmic object with a mass of 66 billion solar masses!

It seems unbelievable, but such an object does exist - in the constellation of the Hound Dogs. This object is a heavy supermassive black hole, which is the center of the quasar TON 618.

Luminosity of the quasar is 140 trillion times more than the solar! It is one of the brightest objects in the known universe. But we cannot see it through the telescope with our eyes anyway - the quasar is 10.5 billion light years away from us.

Do all spiral galaxies have a black hole in the middle?

Nobody knows this for sure, but it is likely that most spiral galaxies contain a supermassive black hole, and sometimes more than one.

There are two reasons for our uncertainty. First, we physically cannot survey all spiral galaxies in the Universe.

Second, theoretically, galaxies are not obliged to have a black hole at their center - their stars will be held together as it is.

Likewise, there is clear evidence that black holes may have been very important, if not obligatory, for the formation of galaxies in the early Universe. In that case not only in the middle of spiral galaxies, but also in all other galaxies there could be compact supermassive objects.

There were 2,666 artificial satellites in Earth orbits in the summer of 2021, of which 154 belong to the U.S. military, about 100 to the Russian military, and 63 to the Chinese military.

Exoplanet Janssen

An exoplanet is located in the planetary system of the sun-like star 55 Cancer A in the double system 55 Cancer (HD 75732).

The exoplanet orbits the sun-like star.
The planet is very close to its star, and always faces one side of it. The period of orbit around the star is 17 hours.

The surface temperature reaches 2400°, causing the side facing the star to be a molten surface.

How to find the brightest star in the sky?

Sirius is the brightest star in the night sky. Although its luminosity is 25 times the luminosity of the Sun, it is by no means a record in the world of stars. High apparent brilliance of Sirius is due to its relative proximity.

Sirius can be seen from any region of the Earth, except for the most northern regions. Sirius is 8.6 solar years away from the solar system and is one of the closest stars to us.

Diving Bell Ship - Working Underwater Without Getting Wet

A Diving Bell Ship is a boat that helps people work underwater without getting wet. It has a special room that goes down into the water. Air is pushed into this room to push the water out, so people can do their work dry.

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Atmospheric phenomenon on the planet Saturn

Giant hexagon is a phenomenon with no scientific explanation to date. It is a geometrically correct hexagon with a cross section of 25 thousand kilometers, located at the north pole of Saturn.

Apparently, the hexagon is a vortex. Straight "walls" of the vortex go deep into the atmosphere at a distance of up to 100 kilometers. When studying the vortex in the infrared, bright areas are observed, which are giant gaps in the cloud system.

Is it possible to fly into space in an airplane?

The fundamental difference between an airplane and a rocket is the engine. The jet engine (air-jet engine of an airplane), in airless space (or in very rarefied layers) will suffocate, because it needs to consume oxygen, for the fuel combustion process.

In a rocket engine, there are fueled chemical mixtures that cause the fuel to burn, so it does not need to draw oxygen from the atmosphere.

Otherwise, it's not about first space speed, it's about the fact that in order for an airplane to fly into space, it must become a rocket, or its engines will stop working.

How are interstellar distances measured?

To measure enormous distances, astronomers are aided by the method of triangulation, widely used in ordinary Earth geodesy. We choose a segment of known length, measure from its ends the angles under which the inaccessible point is seen, and then simple trigonometric formulas give the desired distance.

This was the easiest and most accessible way to calculate the cosmic distance 🌠

Why does the Moon "follow" us when we drive?

As we rush down the road, we notice how everything flies past us in the opposite direction: trees, houses, fences, the road. And from the Moon, too, we expect it to fly past us, or at least go backwards the farther forward we go. When it doesn't, we feel as if it is "following" us.

The Moon may not seem to be very far away from us, but the average distance from it to Earth is 384,400 km. This enormous distance explains why, when we drive a car and look at the Moon, it seems as if it is following us.

Compared to the distance our car travels in a few minutes, this distance is enormous. So as we drive, the angle at which we see the moon remains virtually unchanged. And while everything flies past us, there is a sense that the Moon is "following" us.

All Formulas of Maths, Physics and Chemistry for Schools

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India's Thar Desert Rajasthan 🐪 may become green in future 👌

One of the most interesting and well-known variable stars in the constellation of Aquarius is R Aquarii.

Its variability was discovered by Karl Ludwig Harding in 1765-1834.

Harding originally searched for the "missing" planet between Mars and Jupiter as part of the Celestial Police Project.

How to distinguish a meteorite from terrestrial geological objects?

In fact, only an expert in the field can reliably distinguish a meteorite fragment. However, there are general recommendations that will help you get if there is a chance that you hold a meteorite in your hands:

- the edges of the meteorite are melted (due to heating after passing through the Earth's atmosphere);
- the meteorite has magnetic properties (if you put a strong magnet to it, it will be magnetized);
- the meteorite is heavy (a similar-sized stone will weigh much less);
- it shows peculiar "fingerprints", as if left by hands on plasticine;

The list of these signs will allow you to make at least a preliminary assessment.

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